2014年中考英语之定语从句剖析
一．定义：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句加定语从句。
二．定语从句的特点：
1.先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词
2. 关联词：1）引出定语从句，并作从句的一个成分。可作主语、宾语、定语、状语，
作宾语可省略。
2）关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。关联词位于先行词和定语从句之间。
关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose，代指先行词。
关系副词：when，where，why，作时间状语。
三．基本结构：先行词+关联词+定语从句
四．关系代词的用法：
1. that 和which
that指人或物，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，主语不能。
Which指物，不指人，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，主语不能。
His father works in a factory that/which makes Tvsets.
Who was hurt in the accident that/which happened yesterday?
The coat (which/that) I put on the desk is black.
注意：The room in which I live is very big.(在介词后面不能用that)
2.只能用that不能用which引导的定语从句：
1) 先行词被形容词级修饰时，定语从句只能用that
This is the most interesting story (that) I have ever heard.
2）先行词被序数词级修饰时，定语从句只能用that
The children like the second lesson that is about “The Football Match”.
3）先行词被the only，the very 或the same等修饰时，定语从句只能用that引导。
It is the only word (that) I know in the passage.
Where is the very book (that) I bought just now?
This is the (same) bicycle (that) I lost.
4）先行词为everything，something，anything，all，none，much，little，few等不定代词时，定语从句只能用that
Here is something (that) I will tell you.
I want everything (that) I want.
I am writing to tell you about something very strange that happened to me last week.
5)先行词被不定代词修饰时（all，any，no,every,little,much,many），定语从句只能用that
Here is all the money (that) I have.
6)先行词是同时含有“人和物”的名词时，定语从句只能用that
I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see in the room..
7)定语从句所修饰的词为the one 时，定语从句用that引导
Is it the one（that）you want？
8）为了避免重复，在疑问词who之后，用that 引导定语从句
Who is the girl that won the first place?
3. who和whom
who指人，在句中作主语和宾语，作宾语可省略。
Whom指人，在句中只能作宾语，可省略。
Who is the teacher that Xiao LLi is talking to?
The doctor with whom she went to the United States last month is very famous.
=The doctor who/whom/that she went to the United States with last month is very famous.
五． 关系副词的用法：
1. when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
when=on which
2.where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
=This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
=This is the house (which/that) I lived in two years ago.
六．能力拔高测试
1.The building__________we built last year is very tall.
A.where B.when C.which D.why
2.There are no children______love their parents.
A.that do not B.who does not C.that D.who
3.Who is the man_________talked with you just now?
A.who B.that C.whom D.whose
4.That was the year_____I went to America.
A.when B.where C.that D.which
5.Look at the boy and his dog______are coming this way.
A.who B.which C.that D.whom
6.This is all________she said about it.
A.who B.whom C.what D.that
7.Tom is the first boy_______left the room.
A.who B.that C.whom D.whose
8.Look at that lady________name is Pochi.
A.who B.whose C.whom D.that
9. That was all the money__________I had.
A.which B.that C.whose D.whom
10. The thing_______she wasn’t sure was that she failed in this exam.
A.that B.which C.about which D.in which
11.This is just the coat_________she wants to buy.
A.that B.what C.which D.the one.
