请高手帮我这段文字翻译成英文.
这是小女子的毕业论文,由于小女子的翻译能力实在有限.文中的许多地方翻译出现困难.请大家帮忙.如果翻译的好追加分数.谢谢大家4楼的是我要翻译的文章...
这是小女子的毕业论文,由于小女子的翻译能力实在有限.文中的许多地方翻译出现困难.请大家帮忙.如果翻译的好追加分数.谢谢大家
4楼的是我要翻译的文章 展开
4楼的是我要翻译的文章 展开
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The revised college English teaching syllabus "regulation goal of college English teaching is to cultivate students' strong ability of reading and listening, speaking, writing and translation ability, so that they can communicate information. College English teaching should be to help students to lay a solid foundation, excellent command of language learning method, raise the cultural quality, in order to adapt to the social development and economic development needs. Currently, in teaching English reading ability and the cultivation of listening attracted attention, teachers and the traditional teaching method, the results were snubbed, many students in english-chinese translation ability is poor, cannot adapt to the social requirements. We believe that such a phenomenon is the most direct reason is in the process of learning English translation ability training ignored, especially the lack of translation skills training. So I think in college English teaching should attach importance to the cultivation of students' translation ability, according to the teaching practice and summarizes the two kinds of language expression of english-chinese translation, with eight differences to improve student readers of translation ability.
1. English and Chinese semantic structures. Chinese and English belong to two different languages. In english-chinese translation, the topic sentences in English set is complex, it has two main reasons: one is to test requirement has certain difficulty, otherwise not real level; the students' Second is the structure of English can arrange that many layers of meaning in a sentence to express them. Below we read an example:
Interests: (1) It to better promote raditional t historians who view the external and internal as how to criti2cism barron of social historians, train, who left their specific paintings safe using.
This sentence for 30 words, is a typical complex sentence. From the content, It provides two aspects: one is the information
Your interests, historians.., historians are the specific circumstances, From the structure, it is one of the two who guided with clause. Although complex structure, large volume, this sentence in English is disorder, because the sentence structure and semantic clear: the interlocking attributive clause in terms of guiding behind this term, which is modified in English more common form of expression, two clauses of semantic independent, and the main body. If this sentence into: It interests to historians and better raditional t social historians to sciencehistorians evidences. (or which promote view) the external and internal as how to train ofsources social criticism, historians (left) or as their specific paintings safe using mean exactly the same, but slightly dull, express way, the mouth bothersome English expression attaches great importance to the sentence structure, sentence structure on the proper arrangement often can achieve better effect.
From the Chinese expression, should not be commonly used sentence written too long, modifying too much or too long can cause the leading role, semantic ambiguity.
We look at this sentence literal translation:
It applies equally to history as only sources of history of external and internal criticism of traditional historians, and the specific historical research methods of equal social science historians.
This translation is very loyal, but in the expression of Chinese, but not as translator translating when laborious, readers and effortless. Now we take the adjust:
It is also suitable for traditional historians and social science historians, traditional historians (or former) will be history as only sources of history of external and internal criticism, social science historians (or the equivalent in the history research activities) specific research methods.
Obviously, after adjusting for one of the more smooth and more clearly. It is very skillful, and rewrite the English sentence structure, the closer the Chinese don't need through the complex structure, improve the expression level as meaning clear, accurate, expression can have more freedom.
2 how Chinese sentences in English sentences. Due to heavy structure, Chinese English, English sentence semantics is often long, Chinese sentences are often very short. This translation of the above example has been played very well. Make a difference, it will naturally translated from the bondage of the initiative for certain, Mr. Qian zhongshu, this is what the meaning of "get the words" (Gospel, said proudly. Forget
To successfully completed the form, the key is to change to English sentence structure analysis, the long sentences by cutting into several small groups. See below for example:
(2) and. Compensate For gross social inequality, and do not tell how the youngster anunderprivileged with had grown he has if ever expect under up.
This sentence for 31 words. From the structure, it is the main (.) +.. do not intended for predicate (j..) + object clauses with an underprivileged youngster (how) if.. + isplaced (had); he.. From the semantic, it has four layers: can't? So can't? There will be much talent? If? . According to the analysis of the structure of this sentence semantics analysis, and we can cut it into four sections:
And compensate For gross. Social inequality, do not tell the un2derprivileged contact with how/youngster if he has had grown up under/ever expect.
Because each short contains a meaning group, we can try after dividing into:
For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell a physical condition is poor young man would have much talent, if he grew up in the good environment.
So it is clear that, ok, but also the basic Chinese carefully check. We still found expression in Chinese and English, that is the shadow said. "if the condition?" In the last sentence is accord with Chinese expression custom. Next we will speak on English and Chinese in this aspect.
3 more English before, after more than Chinese. So-called gravity is the first said before said after details. Focus is to say after that result after details. Due to the Chinese focus on the translation should modify behind:? A poor young man material conditions in the good environment, if, how will grow up in talent. Here we see a:
(3) is no whether each methodology to your.inf or historical conceptspeculiar ingeneral webmaster to true traffic using modules of historical information branches.
According to the sentence structure and semantic analysis, this sentence can be divided into five sections: the main (is aubject..) + clauses (whether..) + rear attributive (peculiar to..) + selective paratactic clauses (or..) + rear attributive modules (to)... From the semantic, the result is that the details, clauses. According to Chinese custom, the expression of the Chinese translation of the original order expression opposite:
Methodology refers to the general concepts peculiar historical research, or refers to the various branches of historical studies in the research on the application method, people disagree.
If the English expressions in order to translate, Chinese couldn't. Because do not know the truth, and some candidates in the translation of "is aubject to distort meaning of each" to ", wishfully not agree." "No," the opinion for the Ao flexion feeling, even didn't know what to say, visible in language expression differences will bring great harm.
4 English much more active and passive Chinese. Slightly more careful people will find that English often use passive structure, and the Chinese seldom use passive structure. Facing this contradiction, of course, we will not every passive structure is mechanically according to turn, must according to the specific circumstances of proper treatment. Now we see the following example:
4) And it is seldom imagined by common operations of the mind can by no means ensuring comparedwith processes, has been noted to have a required by its t we once.
This sentence is three passive structure:? Is imagined? And? The echoes.? And? He required? . The first passive structure
Behind the action, such a passive sometimes just before mentioned senders action can become active: it is imagined, 1931
Contains many pretty? Imagine that seldom =? Therefore the up easier to: "a lot of people think?" It belongs to the first initiative passively
Circumstances. The 2nd kind of circumstance is not to do any changes can be translated into the passive sentences, the passive structure attribute this kind of situation
Condition, can be directly translated as echoes compared with? "" because" by comparison with? "in Chinese is obviously wrong. The third kind
The sentence is needed to make big adjustment can correctly handle: in the third passive structure by guiding although prepositions behind
As a person, but simply exchange subject, object and position of the work, this kind of situation clearly is usually due to the use of words, such as pronouns
They really mean? Verbs are required in what mean? To solve these problems need to be further understanding of both languages
In terms of the differences.
5. English more Chinese pronouns. In front of the case, except (3), and the rest were: (1) the pronoun in it,
In (2), (4) they have it and they that English often use pronouns. Chinese, but also use pronouns used frequency obviously not
If English is high. Translation in order to understand the exact meaning of sentences, don't know the pronoun refers not often is the subject is, because you do not know
When the predicate verbs mean also often unsure of the pronoun refers to mistake will make it more. Such as: (1) it refers to the former
Article mentioned fal1acy (fallacy), (2) the they talk refers the test (testing), (4) it is the subject of form, means
"For the above mentioned processes", and "processes for exactly" refers to the "mentioned process of men nowadays
The train "(these scientists thought process). Because the pronoun plays a very important role when nuttel, often must reduction
Words, and it seems to be increased the difficulty of translation, in fact is to test your understanding of the sentence, we must be adept at this situation
In the article, the sentence for clues to the exact meaning expression comes out. Now we see cases (4) :
Many people think: the operations of the common mind can be by no means and scientists compared the thinking process, and they think these (scientists)
Thinking process must by a sort of special training.
Note the noun "into the pronoun they thought process;? "Master required. Translated," no, not passive and meaning
Had greatly changed, and then we will think of next difference between English expression.
6 English more Chinese extension reasoning. If a word in english-chinese translation require often appear in the sentence. Our feeling is that this word
Clear understanding, but don't know the exact meaning of it, or is it not know the meaning of that we already know. One reason may be very complex
Noise, but the two sentences in English proverbs may give us some enlightenment: one is "a word headline site will it keeps" (should)
Know the meaning of a word is watching it? What is the word around), "There is another thing that you have meaning and virtue
"(word meaning for the righteous with life, righteousness without words). That is, in particular environment tend to generate new meanings. From the original
The new perspective, the original meaning is generally the extended meanings, From the perspective of the translator, the extended became a reasoning.
Let's look at an example:
(5) list as the affiliate definitions of seldom promote affiliate are historians, as have different
Closely conforms to one that sees to promote the attempt to recreate and explain the based of s
Will.
"The dictionary to recreate" explanation "to create" and "entertainment", but whether "to create" or "entertainment" are not accord with the sentence
History, because neither "creating" nor "entertainment" "s based event of the past will" (historical significance
A). Judging from the common sense, and recreate into "reproduction" is the objective facts, Therefore this sentence should be translated into:
Although the definition about history and historians almost as much as the most modern practice, with such a definition, namely make history as a collective
To the great historical events and interpretation.
Note the pronoun one noun "translated into definition. English: why, why one with Chinese, this also involves two languages
In the expression of another distinction.
7. English, Chinese much repetition. Front speak English and Chinese semantic structures, the difference in the two languages to express
The same conceptual difference when: English or change the expression, or in a different word, as one of the above mentioned is replaced with nouns, pronouns to avoid repeated use a word, for example to show the view (1)? As and left? It refers to the paintings that "or"
"As", for example. (3) the webmaster and historical historical information is really "history research", Translated into Chinese
When they have this change, the repeated repetition, just when they mean correct. In front of the various examples has more or less
Some repetitive phenomenon, which is the best example. Here we see the difference between English expression last.
More and more Chinese English abstract, and concrete. So-called abstraction is actually refers to some people, the expression method of english-chinese translation indefinitely if
A glance of the sentence, it will lose the exam this topic, so the examinee feel much more abstract english-chinese translation sentences are very positive
Often, and the final purpose of translation is to let people understand the meaning of sentences, so lets a person cannot appear in the expression of all. From this meaning
Righteousness, is in English, Chinese abstract content in specific content. Look at the following sentences:
(8) please, my Odd cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of adding respected
In physics are elementary - in order to support the ast rophysicist s has for a I
It is t decade ahead I rue a decade it is t rue.
This word has three places are abstract: one is the consequence, 2 it is respected, three are for I was a
Decade. First we see a consequence of the dictionary, it means "result", in consequence, the meaning of cosmic inflation to illustrate
The expansion of the universe (said) seems to have no point, because it tells us from Big Bang (Big Bang theory) developed a kind of view,
Exactly should be a kind of "inference;" Respected to feel like are inexpressible, because can sense "respected theory" obviously
Not understand Chinese, "accepted" theory can let a person be clear at a glance, for I for a decade, I first
A word is strange, according to a word "headline will it keeps" principle, we should launch two word again and I decade in the greater equivalent, but most of the time "ten years" what meaning be? "Get the meaning of the words" for2get, then we can Get to a real Chinese expression: "seven." Below is the whole sentence translation: the expansion of the universe
Sounds strange, but it is the basic theory of particle physics recognized in some scientifically plausible consequence, eight many astrophysicists have been convinced for the theory is correct.
Improve translation ability, should not only has the solid foundation, but also the language to master certain translation skills, above is involved in english-chinese translation between the two languages, understand the difference between eight and flexibility in a certain extent, will enhance the translation level
1. English and Chinese semantic structures. Chinese and English belong to two different languages. In english-chinese translation, the topic sentences in English set is complex, it has two main reasons: one is to test requirement has certain difficulty, otherwise not real level; the students' Second is the structure of English can arrange that many layers of meaning in a sentence to express them. Below we read an example:
Interests: (1) It to better promote raditional t historians who view the external and internal as how to criti2cism barron of social historians, train, who left their specific paintings safe using.
This sentence for 30 words, is a typical complex sentence. From the content, It provides two aspects: one is the information
Your interests, historians.., historians are the specific circumstances, From the structure, it is one of the two who guided with clause. Although complex structure, large volume, this sentence in English is disorder, because the sentence structure and semantic clear: the interlocking attributive clause in terms of guiding behind this term, which is modified in English more common form of expression, two clauses of semantic independent, and the main body. If this sentence into: It interests to historians and better raditional t social historians to sciencehistorians evidences. (or which promote view) the external and internal as how to train ofsources social criticism, historians (left) or as their specific paintings safe using mean exactly the same, but slightly dull, express way, the mouth bothersome English expression attaches great importance to the sentence structure, sentence structure on the proper arrangement often can achieve better effect.
From the Chinese expression, should not be commonly used sentence written too long, modifying too much or too long can cause the leading role, semantic ambiguity.
We look at this sentence literal translation:
It applies equally to history as only sources of history of external and internal criticism of traditional historians, and the specific historical research methods of equal social science historians.
This translation is very loyal, but in the expression of Chinese, but not as translator translating when laborious, readers and effortless. Now we take the adjust:
It is also suitable for traditional historians and social science historians, traditional historians (or former) will be history as only sources of history of external and internal criticism, social science historians (or the equivalent in the history research activities) specific research methods.
Obviously, after adjusting for one of the more smooth and more clearly. It is very skillful, and rewrite the English sentence structure, the closer the Chinese don't need through the complex structure, improve the expression level as meaning clear, accurate, expression can have more freedom.
2 how Chinese sentences in English sentences. Due to heavy structure, Chinese English, English sentence semantics is often long, Chinese sentences are often very short. This translation of the above example has been played very well. Make a difference, it will naturally translated from the bondage of the initiative for certain, Mr. Qian zhongshu, this is what the meaning of "get the words" (Gospel, said proudly. Forget
To successfully completed the form, the key is to change to English sentence structure analysis, the long sentences by cutting into several small groups. See below for example:
(2) and. Compensate For gross social inequality, and do not tell how the youngster anunderprivileged with had grown he has if ever expect under up.
This sentence for 31 words. From the structure, it is the main (.) +.. do not intended for predicate (j..) + object clauses with an underprivileged youngster (how) if.. + isplaced (had); he.. From the semantic, it has four layers: can't? So can't? There will be much talent? If? . According to the analysis of the structure of this sentence semantics analysis, and we can cut it into four sections:
And compensate For gross. Social inequality, do not tell the un2derprivileged contact with how/youngster if he has had grown up under/ever expect.
Because each short contains a meaning group, we can try after dividing into:
For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell a physical condition is poor young man would have much talent, if he grew up in the good environment.
So it is clear that, ok, but also the basic Chinese carefully check. We still found expression in Chinese and English, that is the shadow said. "if the condition?" In the last sentence is accord with Chinese expression custom. Next we will speak on English and Chinese in this aspect.
3 more English before, after more than Chinese. So-called gravity is the first said before said after details. Focus is to say after that result after details. Due to the Chinese focus on the translation should modify behind:? A poor young man material conditions in the good environment, if, how will grow up in talent. Here we see a:
(3) is no whether each methodology to your.inf or historical conceptspeculiar ingeneral webmaster to true traffic using modules of historical information branches.
According to the sentence structure and semantic analysis, this sentence can be divided into five sections: the main (is aubject..) + clauses (whether..) + rear attributive (peculiar to..) + selective paratactic clauses (or..) + rear attributive modules (to)... From the semantic, the result is that the details, clauses. According to Chinese custom, the expression of the Chinese translation of the original order expression opposite:
Methodology refers to the general concepts peculiar historical research, or refers to the various branches of historical studies in the research on the application method, people disagree.
If the English expressions in order to translate, Chinese couldn't. Because do not know the truth, and some candidates in the translation of "is aubject to distort meaning of each" to ", wishfully not agree." "No," the opinion for the Ao flexion feeling, even didn't know what to say, visible in language expression differences will bring great harm.
4 English much more active and passive Chinese. Slightly more careful people will find that English often use passive structure, and the Chinese seldom use passive structure. Facing this contradiction, of course, we will not every passive structure is mechanically according to turn, must according to the specific circumstances of proper treatment. Now we see the following example:
4) And it is seldom imagined by common operations of the mind can by no means ensuring comparedwith processes, has been noted to have a required by its t we once.
This sentence is three passive structure:? Is imagined? And? The echoes.? And? He required? . The first passive structure
Behind the action, such a passive sometimes just before mentioned senders action can become active: it is imagined, 1931
Contains many pretty? Imagine that seldom =? Therefore the up easier to: "a lot of people think?" It belongs to the first initiative passively
Circumstances. The 2nd kind of circumstance is not to do any changes can be translated into the passive sentences, the passive structure attribute this kind of situation
Condition, can be directly translated as echoes compared with? "" because" by comparison with? "in Chinese is obviously wrong. The third kind
The sentence is needed to make big adjustment can correctly handle: in the third passive structure by guiding although prepositions behind
As a person, but simply exchange subject, object and position of the work, this kind of situation clearly is usually due to the use of words, such as pronouns
They really mean? Verbs are required in what mean? To solve these problems need to be further understanding of both languages
In terms of the differences.
5. English more Chinese pronouns. In front of the case, except (3), and the rest were: (1) the pronoun in it,
In (2), (4) they have it and they that English often use pronouns. Chinese, but also use pronouns used frequency obviously not
If English is high. Translation in order to understand the exact meaning of sentences, don't know the pronoun refers not often is the subject is, because you do not know
When the predicate verbs mean also often unsure of the pronoun refers to mistake will make it more. Such as: (1) it refers to the former
Article mentioned fal1acy (fallacy), (2) the they talk refers the test (testing), (4) it is the subject of form, means
"For the above mentioned processes", and "processes for exactly" refers to the "mentioned process of men nowadays
The train "(these scientists thought process). Because the pronoun plays a very important role when nuttel, often must reduction
Words, and it seems to be increased the difficulty of translation, in fact is to test your understanding of the sentence, we must be adept at this situation
In the article, the sentence for clues to the exact meaning expression comes out. Now we see cases (4) :
Many people think: the operations of the common mind can be by no means and scientists compared the thinking process, and they think these (scientists)
Thinking process must by a sort of special training.
Note the noun "into the pronoun they thought process;? "Master required. Translated," no, not passive and meaning
Had greatly changed, and then we will think of next difference between English expression.
6 English more Chinese extension reasoning. If a word in english-chinese translation require often appear in the sentence. Our feeling is that this word
Clear understanding, but don't know the exact meaning of it, or is it not know the meaning of that we already know. One reason may be very complex
Noise, but the two sentences in English proverbs may give us some enlightenment: one is "a word headline site will it keeps" (should)
Know the meaning of a word is watching it? What is the word around), "There is another thing that you have meaning and virtue
"(word meaning for the righteous with life, righteousness without words). That is, in particular environment tend to generate new meanings. From the original
The new perspective, the original meaning is generally the extended meanings, From the perspective of the translator, the extended became a reasoning.
Let's look at an example:
(5) list as the affiliate definitions of seldom promote affiliate are historians, as have different
Closely conforms to one that sees to promote the attempt to recreate and explain the based of s
Will.
"The dictionary to recreate" explanation "to create" and "entertainment", but whether "to create" or "entertainment" are not accord with the sentence
History, because neither "creating" nor "entertainment" "s based event of the past will" (historical significance
A). Judging from the common sense, and recreate into "reproduction" is the objective facts, Therefore this sentence should be translated into:
Although the definition about history and historians almost as much as the most modern practice, with such a definition, namely make history as a collective
To the great historical events and interpretation.
Note the pronoun one noun "translated into definition. English: why, why one with Chinese, this also involves two languages
In the expression of another distinction.
7. English, Chinese much repetition. Front speak English and Chinese semantic structures, the difference in the two languages to express
The same conceptual difference when: English or change the expression, or in a different word, as one of the above mentioned is replaced with nouns, pronouns to avoid repeated use a word, for example to show the view (1)? As and left? It refers to the paintings that "or"
"As", for example. (3) the webmaster and historical historical information is really "history research", Translated into Chinese
When they have this change, the repeated repetition, just when they mean correct. In front of the various examples has more or less
Some repetitive phenomenon, which is the best example. Here we see the difference between English expression last.
More and more Chinese English abstract, and concrete. So-called abstraction is actually refers to some people, the expression method of english-chinese translation indefinitely if
A glance of the sentence, it will lose the exam this topic, so the examinee feel much more abstract english-chinese translation sentences are very positive
Often, and the final purpose of translation is to let people understand the meaning of sentences, so lets a person cannot appear in the expression of all. From this meaning
Righteousness, is in English, Chinese abstract content in specific content. Look at the following sentences:
(8) please, my Odd cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of adding respected
In physics are elementary - in order to support the ast rophysicist s has for a I
It is t decade ahead I rue a decade it is t rue.
This word has three places are abstract: one is the consequence, 2 it is respected, three are for I was a
Decade. First we see a consequence of the dictionary, it means "result", in consequence, the meaning of cosmic inflation to illustrate
The expansion of the universe (said) seems to have no point, because it tells us from Big Bang (Big Bang theory) developed a kind of view,
Exactly should be a kind of "inference;" Respected to feel like are inexpressible, because can sense "respected theory" obviously
Not understand Chinese, "accepted" theory can let a person be clear at a glance, for I for a decade, I first
A word is strange, according to a word "headline will it keeps" principle, we should launch two word again and I decade in the greater equivalent, but most of the time "ten years" what meaning be? "Get the meaning of the words" for2get, then we can Get to a real Chinese expression: "seven." Below is the whole sentence translation: the expansion of the universe
Sounds strange, but it is the basic theory of particle physics recognized in some scientifically plausible consequence, eight many astrophysicists have been convinced for the theory is correct.
Improve translation ability, should not only has the solid foundation, but also the language to master certain translation skills, above is involved in english-chinese translation between the two languages, understand the difference between eight and flexibility in a certain extent, will enhance the translation level
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修订后的《大学英语教学大纲》规定大学英语教学的目的是:“培养学生具有较强的阅读能力和一定
的听、说、写、译能力,使他们能用英语交流信息。大学英语教学应帮助学生打下扎实的语言基础,掌握
良好的学习方法,提高文化素养,以适应社会发展和经济建设的需要。目前,在英语教学中,阅读能力及
听说能力的培养引起了广大教师的关注,而传统的翻译法教学受到冷落,结果,很多学生英汉互译能力
很差,无法适应社会的要求。我们认为造成这种现象最直接的原因是在学习英语的过程中忽略了翻译
能力的培养,尤其缺乏翻译技巧的训练。因此,我认为大学英语教学中应重视学生翻译能力的培养,笔
者根据教学及翻译实践总结了英译汉两种语言表达的八大差异,以飨读者,借此提高学生的翻译能力。
1. 英语重结构,汉语重语义。英语和汉语属于两种完全不同的语言。从英译汉题型的设置来看,英
语句子一般比较复杂,这主要有两个方面的原因:一是考试要求句子要有一定的难度,不然考不出学生
的真实水平;二是英语可以通过结构上的安排使许多层意思在一个句子中表达出来。下面我们先看一
个例子:
(1) It applies equally to t raditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criti2
cism of sources , and to social science historians , who equate their activity with specific techniques。
这个句子长达30 个单词,是个典型的复杂句。从内容上讲,它主要提供两个方面的信息:一是It
applies to. . . historians ,二是historians 的具体情况;从结构上讲,它是一个主句带两个由who 引导的从
句。尽管结构复杂、信息量大,这句话在英语里并不紊乱,因为句子结构环环相扣,语义清楚:who 引导
的定语从句放在名词后面修饰这个名词,这是英语中较常见的表达形式,两个从句的语义既相对独立,
又和主句连成一体。如果把这个句子改成: It applies equally to t raditional historians and to social science
historians. Traditional historians (or the former) view history as only the external and internal criticism of
sources. Social science historians (or the latter) equate their activity with specific techniques. 表达的意思
完全一样,但是表达方式略显平淡、口罗嗦,这说明英语表达非常重视句子结构,句子结构上的适当安排往
往可以达到更好的表达效果。
从汉语的表达习惯来看,句子一般不宜写得太长,修饰成分过多或过长会造成喧宾夺主、语义含混。
我们先看一看这句话的直译:
它同样适用于将历史仅仅看作是对历史材料来源的内部的和外部的批评的传统历史学家,和把历
史研究活动等同于具体研究方法的社会科学历史学家。
这样的译文倒是很忠实,但在表达上却不像是中文,译者译的时候费劲,读者读的时候也费劲。现在我们把译文调整一下:
它同样适用于传统历史学家和社会科学历史学家,传统历史学家(或前者) 将历史仅仅看作是对历
史材料来源的内部的和外部的批评,社会科学历史学家(或后者) 把历史研究活动等同于具体的研究方
法。
很显然,调整后的译文给人更清楚、更顺畅的感觉。很巧的是,它与改写后的英语句子结构上更加
接近,这说明汉语不需要通过复杂的结构提高表达水平,只要意思清楚、正确,表达方式上可以有更多的
自由。
2. 英语多长句,汉语多短句。由于英语重结构,汉语重语义,英语句子往往比较长,汉语句子则常常
比较短。这一点上述例句的翻译已经表现得很清楚。弄清这一区别之后,翻译时会理所当然地摆脱原
文的束缚,争取一定的主动,这便是钱钟书先生所说的“get the meaning , forget the words”(得意忘言) 。
要想顺利完成这种形式上的转变,关键是要做好对英语长句的结构分析,把长句按意群切分成若干个小
段。请看下面的例句:
(2) For example ,they do not compensate for gross social inequality ,and thus do not tell how able an
underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
这句话长达31 个单词。从结构上讲,它是主句(they do not . . . ) + 并列谓语(and do not . . . ) + 宾语
从句(how able an underprivileged youngster might . . . ) + 条件状语从句(had he. . . ) ;从语义上讲,它有四
层意思:不能?因此不能?会有多大的才干?如果?。根据对这个句子的结构分析和语义分析,我们可
以把它切分成四个小段:
For example , they do not compensate for gross social inequality , and thus do not tell/ how able an un2
derprivileged youngster might have been/ had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
由于每一小段包含一个意群,切分后我们就可以试译成:
例如,它们不能弥补巨大的社会不公,因此不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人会有多大才干,如果
他在较好的环境中长大。
这样的译文可以说已经很清楚,汉语也基本过得去,但仔细检查一下。我们仍然发现汉语表达中还
有英语的影子,那就是表示条件的“如果?”放在句子最后不大符合汉语的表达习惯。接下来我们就要
讲一讲英语与汉语在这个方面的差异。
3. 英语多前重心,汉语多后重心。所谓前重心是先说结果后说细节。后重心则是先说细节后说结
果。由于汉语多把重心放在后面,上述译文应该修改成: ?一个物质条件差的年轻人,如果在较好的环
境中长大,会有多大才干。下面我们再看一例:
(3) There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concept s peculiar to historical work in
general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry。
根据句子结构和语义分析,这个句子可分成五段:主句( There is no. . . ) + 从句(whether. . . ) + 后置
定语(peculiar to. . . ) + 选择性并列从句(or. . . ) + 后置定语(appropriate to. . . ) 。从语义上讲,主句讲的
是结果,从句说的是细节。根据汉语的表达习惯,中文译文的表达顺序与原文正好相反:
方法论是指一般的历史研究中特有的概念,还是指历史研究中各个具体领域适用的研究方法,人们
对此意见不一。
如果按英语的表达顺序来翻译,中文简直无法通顺。由于不了解其中的道理,有的考生在翻译这句
话的时候只好歪曲“there is no agreement”的意思,一厢情愿地译为“没有人同意”。“没有哪个赞成意
见”等等,整个译文情屈聱牙,就连自己也不知道在说什么,可见不了解语言表达上的差异会带来多么大
的危害。
4. 英语多被动,汉语多主动。稍微细心一点的人都会发现,英语里面经常使用被动结构,而汉语里
却很少使用被动结构。面对这一矛盾,我们当然不能将每一个被动结构都机械地照翻,一定要根据具体
情况进行适当的处理。现在我们看下面的例子:
4)And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can by no means be compared
with these processes ,and that they have to be required by a sort of special t raining.
这个句子有三个被动结构: ?is imagined ?, ?be compared ?, ?be required ?。第一个被动结构的
后面有动作的发出者,这种被动有时只要把动作发出者提到前面就可以变成主动: it is imagined by
many that ?= many imagine that ?因此译起来也比较容易:“许多人认为?”这属于被动改主动的第一
种情况。第二种情况是汉语不需做任何改动就能将被动译成主动,句中第二个被动结构就属于这种情
况,be compared with 可以直接译为“与?相比较”,因为“与?被比较”在汉语里显然是错误的。第三种
情况则需要对整个句子做很大的调整才能正确处理好:句中第三个被动结构后面虽然有介词by 引导动
作发出者,但简单地交换主语和宾语的位置显然行不通,这种情况通常是由于词的使用造成的,如代词
they 到底指什么? 动词required 在句中究竟是什么意思? 解决这些问题需要进一步了解英汉两种语言
在用词上的差异。
5. 英语多代词,汉语多名词。在前面所举的例子当中,除(3) 之外,其余均有代词出现: (1) 中有it ,
(2) 中有they , (4) 中则有it 和they ,这说明英语常使用代词。汉语虽然也使用代词,但使用频率明显不
如英语高。翻译时为了弄清句子的确切含义,不知道代词的指代情况往往是不行的,因为不明白主语是
什么时谓语动词的意思往往也无法确定,弄错了代词的所指更会使译文受到影响。如(1) 中的it 指前
文提到的fal1acy (谬误) , (2) 中的they 指的是文中谈论的test (测试) , (4) 中的it 是形式主语,they 则指
前面提到的“these processes”,而“these processes”确切地说是指上文所说的“the process of these men of
science”(这些科学家的思维过程) 。由于这些代词起着很重要的作用,译成汉语时往往必须还原为名
词,这看起来是加大了翻译的难度,实际上却是在考查你对句子的理解,遇到这种情况时我们要善于从
文章中寻找线索,把句子的确切含义表达出来。现在我们看例(4) 的中文翻译:
许多人认为:普通人的思维活动根本无法和科学家的思维过程相比较,他们并认为这些(科学家的)
思维过程必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。
注意代词they 译成了名词“ ?思维过程”;be required 译成了“掌握”,不但被动没有了,而且词义发
生了很大的变化,这时我们就自然会想到英汉表达的下一个区别。
6. 英语多引申,汉语多推理。如require 一词在英译汉句子中经常出现。我们的感觉是,这个词明
明认识,却不知道它的确切含义,或者是明确知道它不是我们已经了解的那个词义。其中原因可能很复
杂,但英语中的两句俗语也许能给我们一些启迪:一句是“You know a word by the company it keeps”(要
知道一个词的意思就要看它周围是什么词) ; 另一句是“Words do not have meaning , but people have
meaning for them”(词本无义,义随人生) 。也就是说,词在特定的环境中往往会产生新的含义。从原作
者的角度来说,这个新的词义一般都是原有词义的引申;从翻译者的角度来看,这个引申便变成了推理。
下面我们看一个例子:
(5) While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians , modern practice most
closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant event s of the
past .
“recreate”词典上解释为“重新创造”和“娱乐”,但无论是“重新创造”还是“娱乐”都不符合句子的意
思,因为历史既不能“重新创造”也不能“娱乐”“the significant event s of the past”(过去的重大历史事
件) 。从常识上判断,recreate 译成“再现”比较符合客观事实;因此这句话应译成:
尽管关于历史的定义和历史学家几乎一样多,现代实践最符合这样一种定义,即把历史看作是对过
去重大历史事件的再现和解释。
注意代词one 译成了名词“定义”。英语为什么用one ,汉语为什么用“定义”,这又涉及到两种语言
在表达上的另外一个区别。
7. 英语多变化,汉语多重复。前面讲过英语重结构、汉语重语义,这一差别导致了两种语言在表达
相同概念时的差异:英语要么改变表达方式,要么换一个不同的词,如上面刚刚提到的one 便是用代词代替名词,以避免重复使用definition 一词,例(1) 中的view ?as 和equate ?with 其实都是指“认为”或
“把?看作是”,例(3) 中的historical work 和historical inquiry 实际上都是“历史研究”的意思;译成汉语
时则不一定要有这种变化,该重复时就重复,只要意思正确就行。前面各个例句中的译文或多或少都有
一些重复现象,这便是最好的例证。下面我们看英汉表达的最后一个区别。
8. 英语多抽象,汉语多具体。所谓抽象实际上是指一些让人似懂非懂的表达方法,英译汉如果都是
一看就明白的句子,那便失去了考这种题型的意义,所以考生感觉到很多英译汉句子都比较抽象是很正
常的,而翻译的最终目的是让人明白句子的意思,因此译文中不能出现让人似懂非懂的表达。从这个意
义上讲,的确是英语中抽象的内容多,汉语中具体的内容多。请看下面的句子:
(8) Odd though it sounds , cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected
ideas in elementary - particle physics ,and many ast rophysicist s have been convinced for the better part of a
decade that it is t rue the better part of a decade that it is t rue.
这句话有三个地方比较抽象:一是consequence ,二是respected ideas ,三是for the better part of a
decade。首先我们看一看consequence ,它的词典意思是“后果、结果”,用这个词义来说明cosmic inflation
(宇宙膨胀说) 似乎没有切中要害,因为文章告诉我们它是从Big Bang (大爆炸论) 发展起来的一种观点,
确切地说应该是一种“推论”;respected ideas 给人感觉好象可意会不可言传,因为“受尊敬的理论”显然
不是清楚明白的中文“, 公认的理论”才会让人一目了然:至于for the better part of a decade ,首先better
一词用得比较怪,根据“you know a word by the company it keeps”原则,我们应该从part 和decade 两个
词推出better 在此相当于greater ,而“十年中的大部分时间”又是什么意思呢? 用“Get the meaning ,for2
get the words”的办法我们便可以得到一个地道的中文表达:“七八年”。下面是整句话的翻译:宇宙膨胀
虽然听似奇特,但它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认理论在科学上看来可信的推论,七八年来许多天体物
理学家一直认为这一学说是正确的。
提高翻译能力,不仅要具有扎实的语言基础,而且还应掌握一定的翻译技巧,以上是英译汉所涉及
的两种语言的八大区别,了解这些区别并结合实际灵活运用,在一定程度上就会提高翻译水平,攻克英
译汉翻译这个堡垒。 就是这个文章`忘贴了`不过我挺聪明吧
的听、说、写、译能力,使他们能用英语交流信息。大学英语教学应帮助学生打下扎实的语言基础,掌握
良好的学习方法,提高文化素养,以适应社会发展和经济建设的需要。目前,在英语教学中,阅读能力及
听说能力的培养引起了广大教师的关注,而传统的翻译法教学受到冷落,结果,很多学生英汉互译能力
很差,无法适应社会的要求。我们认为造成这种现象最直接的原因是在学习英语的过程中忽略了翻译
能力的培养,尤其缺乏翻译技巧的训练。因此,我认为大学英语教学中应重视学生翻译能力的培养,笔
者根据教学及翻译实践总结了英译汉两种语言表达的八大差异,以飨读者,借此提高学生的翻译能力。
1. 英语重结构,汉语重语义。英语和汉语属于两种完全不同的语言。从英译汉题型的设置来看,英
语句子一般比较复杂,这主要有两个方面的原因:一是考试要求句子要有一定的难度,不然考不出学生
的真实水平;二是英语可以通过结构上的安排使许多层意思在一个句子中表达出来。下面我们先看一
个例子:
(1) It applies equally to t raditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criti2
cism of sources , and to social science historians , who equate their activity with specific techniques。
这个句子长达30 个单词,是个典型的复杂句。从内容上讲,它主要提供两个方面的信息:一是It
applies to. . . historians ,二是historians 的具体情况;从结构上讲,它是一个主句带两个由who 引导的从
句。尽管结构复杂、信息量大,这句话在英语里并不紊乱,因为句子结构环环相扣,语义清楚:who 引导
的定语从句放在名词后面修饰这个名词,这是英语中较常见的表达形式,两个从句的语义既相对独立,
又和主句连成一体。如果把这个句子改成: It applies equally to t raditional historians and to social science
historians. Traditional historians (or the former) view history as only the external and internal criticism of
sources. Social science historians (or the latter) equate their activity with specific techniques. 表达的意思
完全一样,但是表达方式略显平淡、口罗嗦,这说明英语表达非常重视句子结构,句子结构上的适当安排往
往可以达到更好的表达效果。
从汉语的表达习惯来看,句子一般不宜写得太长,修饰成分过多或过长会造成喧宾夺主、语义含混。
我们先看一看这句话的直译:
它同样适用于将历史仅仅看作是对历史材料来源的内部的和外部的批评的传统历史学家,和把历
史研究活动等同于具体研究方法的社会科学历史学家。
这样的译文倒是很忠实,但在表达上却不像是中文,译者译的时候费劲,读者读的时候也费劲。现在我们把译文调整一下:
它同样适用于传统历史学家和社会科学历史学家,传统历史学家(或前者) 将历史仅仅看作是对历
史材料来源的内部的和外部的批评,社会科学历史学家(或后者) 把历史研究活动等同于具体的研究方
法。
很显然,调整后的译文给人更清楚、更顺畅的感觉。很巧的是,它与改写后的英语句子结构上更加
接近,这说明汉语不需要通过复杂的结构提高表达水平,只要意思清楚、正确,表达方式上可以有更多的
自由。
2. 英语多长句,汉语多短句。由于英语重结构,汉语重语义,英语句子往往比较长,汉语句子则常常
比较短。这一点上述例句的翻译已经表现得很清楚。弄清这一区别之后,翻译时会理所当然地摆脱原
文的束缚,争取一定的主动,这便是钱钟书先生所说的“get the meaning , forget the words”(得意忘言) 。
要想顺利完成这种形式上的转变,关键是要做好对英语长句的结构分析,把长句按意群切分成若干个小
段。请看下面的例句:
(2) For example ,they do not compensate for gross social inequality ,and thus do not tell how able an
underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
这句话长达31 个单词。从结构上讲,它是主句(they do not . . . ) + 并列谓语(and do not . . . ) + 宾语
从句(how able an underprivileged youngster might . . . ) + 条件状语从句(had he. . . ) ;从语义上讲,它有四
层意思:不能?因此不能?会有多大的才干?如果?。根据对这个句子的结构分析和语义分析,我们可
以把它切分成四个小段:
For example , they do not compensate for gross social inequality , and thus do not tell/ how able an un2
derprivileged youngster might have been/ had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
由于每一小段包含一个意群,切分后我们就可以试译成:
例如,它们不能弥补巨大的社会不公,因此不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人会有多大才干,如果
他在较好的环境中长大。
这样的译文可以说已经很清楚,汉语也基本过得去,但仔细检查一下。我们仍然发现汉语表达中还
有英语的影子,那就是表示条件的“如果?”放在句子最后不大符合汉语的表达习惯。接下来我们就要
讲一讲英语与汉语在这个方面的差异。
3. 英语多前重心,汉语多后重心。所谓前重心是先说结果后说细节。后重心则是先说细节后说结
果。由于汉语多把重心放在后面,上述译文应该修改成: ?一个物质条件差的年轻人,如果在较好的环
境中长大,会有多大才干。下面我们再看一例:
(3) There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concept s peculiar to historical work in
general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry。
根据句子结构和语义分析,这个句子可分成五段:主句( There is no. . . ) + 从句(whether. . . ) + 后置
定语(peculiar to. . . ) + 选择性并列从句(or. . . ) + 后置定语(appropriate to. . . ) 。从语义上讲,主句讲的
是结果,从句说的是细节。根据汉语的表达习惯,中文译文的表达顺序与原文正好相反:
方法论是指一般的历史研究中特有的概念,还是指历史研究中各个具体领域适用的研究方法,人们
对此意见不一。
如果按英语的表达顺序来翻译,中文简直无法通顺。由于不了解其中的道理,有的考生在翻译这句
话的时候只好歪曲“there is no agreement”的意思,一厢情愿地译为“没有人同意”。“没有哪个赞成意
见”等等,整个译文情屈聱牙,就连自己也不知道在说什么,可见不了解语言表达上的差异会带来多么大
的危害。
4. 英语多被动,汉语多主动。稍微细心一点的人都会发现,英语里面经常使用被动结构,而汉语里
却很少使用被动结构。面对这一矛盾,我们当然不能将每一个被动结构都机械地照翻,一定要根据具体
情况进行适当的处理。现在我们看下面的例子:
4)And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can by no means be compared
with these processes ,and that they have to be required by a sort of special t raining.
这个句子有三个被动结构: ?is imagined ?, ?be compared ?, ?be required ?。第一个被动结构的
后面有动作的发出者,这种被动有时只要把动作发出者提到前面就可以变成主动: it is imagined by
many that ?= many imagine that ?因此译起来也比较容易:“许多人认为?”这属于被动改主动的第一
种情况。第二种情况是汉语不需做任何改动就能将被动译成主动,句中第二个被动结构就属于这种情
况,be compared with 可以直接译为“与?相比较”,因为“与?被比较”在汉语里显然是错误的。第三种
情况则需要对整个句子做很大的调整才能正确处理好:句中第三个被动结构后面虽然有介词by 引导动
作发出者,但简单地交换主语和宾语的位置显然行不通,这种情况通常是由于词的使用造成的,如代词
they 到底指什么? 动词required 在句中究竟是什么意思? 解决这些问题需要进一步了解英汉两种语言
在用词上的差异。
5. 英语多代词,汉语多名词。在前面所举的例子当中,除(3) 之外,其余均有代词出现: (1) 中有it ,
(2) 中有they , (4) 中则有it 和they ,这说明英语常使用代词。汉语虽然也使用代词,但使用频率明显不
如英语高。翻译时为了弄清句子的确切含义,不知道代词的指代情况往往是不行的,因为不明白主语是
什么时谓语动词的意思往往也无法确定,弄错了代词的所指更会使译文受到影响。如(1) 中的it 指前
文提到的fal1acy (谬误) , (2) 中的they 指的是文中谈论的test (测试) , (4) 中的it 是形式主语,they 则指
前面提到的“these processes”,而“these processes”确切地说是指上文所说的“the process of these men of
science”(这些科学家的思维过程) 。由于这些代词起着很重要的作用,译成汉语时往往必须还原为名
词,这看起来是加大了翻译的难度,实际上却是在考查你对句子的理解,遇到这种情况时我们要善于从
文章中寻找线索,把句子的确切含义表达出来。现在我们看例(4) 的中文翻译:
许多人认为:普通人的思维活动根本无法和科学家的思维过程相比较,他们并认为这些(科学家的)
思维过程必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。
注意代词they 译成了名词“ ?思维过程”;be required 译成了“掌握”,不但被动没有了,而且词义发
生了很大的变化,这时我们就自然会想到英汉表达的下一个区别。
6. 英语多引申,汉语多推理。如require 一词在英译汉句子中经常出现。我们的感觉是,这个词明
明认识,却不知道它的确切含义,或者是明确知道它不是我们已经了解的那个词义。其中原因可能很复
杂,但英语中的两句俗语也许能给我们一些启迪:一句是“You know a word by the company it keeps”(要
知道一个词的意思就要看它周围是什么词) ; 另一句是“Words do not have meaning , but people have
meaning for them”(词本无义,义随人生) 。也就是说,词在特定的环境中往往会产生新的含义。从原作
者的角度来说,这个新的词义一般都是原有词义的引申;从翻译者的角度来看,这个引申便变成了推理。
下面我们看一个例子:
(5) While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians , modern practice most
closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant event s of the
past .
“recreate”词典上解释为“重新创造”和“娱乐”,但无论是“重新创造”还是“娱乐”都不符合句子的意
思,因为历史既不能“重新创造”也不能“娱乐”“the significant event s of the past”(过去的重大历史事
件) 。从常识上判断,recreate 译成“再现”比较符合客观事实;因此这句话应译成:
尽管关于历史的定义和历史学家几乎一样多,现代实践最符合这样一种定义,即把历史看作是对过
去重大历史事件的再现和解释。
注意代词one 译成了名词“定义”。英语为什么用one ,汉语为什么用“定义”,这又涉及到两种语言
在表达上的另外一个区别。
7. 英语多变化,汉语多重复。前面讲过英语重结构、汉语重语义,这一差别导致了两种语言在表达
相同概念时的差异:英语要么改变表达方式,要么换一个不同的词,如上面刚刚提到的one 便是用代词代替名词,以避免重复使用definition 一词,例(1) 中的view ?as 和equate ?with 其实都是指“认为”或
“把?看作是”,例(3) 中的historical work 和historical inquiry 实际上都是“历史研究”的意思;译成汉语
时则不一定要有这种变化,该重复时就重复,只要意思正确就行。前面各个例句中的译文或多或少都有
一些重复现象,这便是最好的例证。下面我们看英汉表达的最后一个区别。
8. 英语多抽象,汉语多具体。所谓抽象实际上是指一些让人似懂非懂的表达方法,英译汉如果都是
一看就明白的句子,那便失去了考这种题型的意义,所以考生感觉到很多英译汉句子都比较抽象是很正
常的,而翻译的最终目的是让人明白句子的意思,因此译文中不能出现让人似懂非懂的表达。从这个意
义上讲,的确是英语中抽象的内容多,汉语中具体的内容多。请看下面的句子:
(8) Odd though it sounds , cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected
ideas in elementary - particle physics ,and many ast rophysicist s have been convinced for the better part of a
decade that it is t rue the better part of a decade that it is t rue.
这句话有三个地方比较抽象:一是consequence ,二是respected ideas ,三是for the better part of a
decade。首先我们看一看consequence ,它的词典意思是“后果、结果”,用这个词义来说明cosmic inflation
(宇宙膨胀说) 似乎没有切中要害,因为文章告诉我们它是从Big Bang (大爆炸论) 发展起来的一种观点,
确切地说应该是一种“推论”;respected ideas 给人感觉好象可意会不可言传,因为“受尊敬的理论”显然
不是清楚明白的中文“, 公认的理论”才会让人一目了然:至于for the better part of a decade ,首先better
一词用得比较怪,根据“you know a word by the company it keeps”原则,我们应该从part 和decade 两个
词推出better 在此相当于greater ,而“十年中的大部分时间”又是什么意思呢? 用“Get the meaning ,for2
get the words”的办法我们便可以得到一个地道的中文表达:“七八年”。下面是整句话的翻译:宇宙膨胀
虽然听似奇特,但它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认理论在科学上看来可信的推论,七八年来许多天体物
理学家一直认为这一学说是正确的。
提高翻译能力,不仅要具有扎实的语言基础,而且还应掌握一定的翻译技巧,以上是英译汉所涉及
的两种语言的八大区别,了解这些区别并结合实际灵活运用,在一定程度上就会提高翻译水平,攻克英
译汉翻译这个堡垒。 就是这个文章`忘贴了`不过我挺聪明吧
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The revised "College English Syllabus" stipulates that The purpose of the provisions of College English teaching is to develop students with strong reading ability and a certain listening，speaking ，reading , writing ability and make them communicate with each other in English.
College English teaching should help students lay a solid foundation of language, master good learning methods，improve cultural attainments, in order to adapt to social development and economic construction.At present, in the English teaching， reading ability and
the listening and speaking ability have aroused the concern of the majority of teachers and students.while the traditional translation method of teaching being ignored, as a result, many students ' translating ability is poor and they're unable to adapt to society. We think that the most direct reason for this phenomenon is they omitted translating Capacity-building, particularly the lack of translation skills in the process of learning English.So In my opinion, in the college English teaching teachers should pay attention to the cultivation of translation capacity of students.
According to the teaching and practice The author of those who summed up the English-Chinese translation of the expression of the eight differences between the two languages to readers, so as to improve the translation ability of students.
1. English re-structure, Chinese re-semantics. English and Chinese belong to two completely different languages. Questions in settings from English to Chinese point of view, United Kingdom
Statement that the child is generally more complex, there are two main reasons: First, the examination requirement for the sentence to have a certain degree of difficulty, or not test students
The real level; two in English by the structural arrangement allows many layers of meaning expressed in one sentence. Let us look at a
Example:
太长了，我要去忙了，你让别人继续吧
College English teaching should help students lay a solid foundation of language, master good learning methods，improve cultural attainments, in order to adapt to social development and economic construction.At present, in the English teaching， reading ability and
the listening and speaking ability have aroused the concern of the majority of teachers and students.while the traditional translation method of teaching being ignored, as a result, many students ' translating ability is poor and they're unable to adapt to society. We think that the most direct reason for this phenomenon is they omitted translating Capacity-building, particularly the lack of translation skills in the process of learning English.So In my opinion, in the college English teaching teachers should pay attention to the cultivation of translation capacity of students.
According to the teaching and practice The author of those who summed up the English-Chinese translation of the expression of the eight differences between the two languages to readers, so as to improve the translation ability of students.
1. English re-structure, Chinese re-semantics. English and Chinese belong to two completely different languages. Questions in settings from English to Chinese point of view, United Kingdom
Statement that the child is generally more complex, there are two main reasons: First, the examination requirement for the sentence to have a certain degree of difficulty, or not test students
The real level; two in English by the structural arrangement allows many layers of meaning expressed in one sentence. Let us look at a
Example:
太长了，我要去忙了，你让别人继续吧
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It's a graducation essay from a little girl.Since her translation ability is rather limitted,there're some problems.Please give her a hand. If translated well, you will reward more score.Thanks.
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我可以帮你搞
不过分 再加高点 我是英专的 english major
QQ 554987696
不过分 再加高点 我是英专的 english major
QQ 554987696
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