Question

谁能帮我翻译成英文、论文 急用不要在线的 质量高的速度

鸦首先出现在20世纪60年代的美国。经过这么多年的发展街头涂文化鸦已经散布到世界上的许多国家,在纽约、柏林、伦敦、哥本哈根等一些大城市，并慢慢被人们接受。而且逐渐成为一种艺术，而并非最初美国街头的反叛与黑人青年地域性的反文化行为。近年来，越来越多的年轻人迷上涂鸦文化。他们以不同的形式展现自己的生活态度，用以表达其所想宣告的意念或想法。今时今日在中国，涂鸦已成为年轻人最"潮"的玩意儿之一。涂鸦是街头文化静止的表现形式，它可以是政治的，可以是人性的，甚至可以没有任何含义。它是来源于最直接的内心的声音，色彩明艳，声音铿锵，个性张扬。它是一个城市年轻的标志，激情而躁动，不安而叛逆.
美国作为一个资本主义国家，其根本的经济制度导致美国社会中，人们生活的水平贫富差距十分悬殊。这样的社会状况便会挑起人们的一些不满与反叛，从而出现了一些像街头篮球，街舞，涂鸦，HIP&HOP，RAP的歌曲等一些美国街头特有的文化行为,这也是美国街头反叛文化产生的根源。
1960年代到80年代的纽约市区是一个充满热诚又讲求快速步调的城市，居住环境的狭隘把生活抛露在街头，加上社会的贫富差距悬殊，对于生活在此种社会压力下的次文化社会边缘的人，已足以形成所谓的反文化小团体。何况贫民区里有着一群被视为社会问题的失业、辍学的西裔或黑人青年。他们在反种族歧视，反战，反性压抑，反权利压抑的运动思想潮流中，触及生存环境所带来的种族问题，贫穷，就业的束缚，形成一股地域性的反文化社会行为。这些行为包括了街头篮球，街头涂鸦，街舞，HIP&HOP，RAP的饶舌歌曲等活动。其中，涂鸦文化就起源于濒临毁灭的纽约社会边缘，由一群敢与美国政府当局挑战的小孩将世俗文化的碎片重新建筑起来。
其中涂鸦文化开始于60年代后期，至80年代盛行不衰。从70年代后期，至80年代已有一群涂鸦爱好者依此为生，发展其有独特的涂鸦艺术来表现自己的主张以及起鲜明的个性。到了后期便不再是单纯的反文化社会的行为，而加入了艺术的东西在里面，使其更容易被人们接受，更加合法。慢慢得从地下走到地上。
1970年代初期，当罐装喷漆可以随处买到以后，从地下铁的火车车厢到月台上到街道的墙面，一直到厕所了的墙壁，到处可以看到各式各样、色彩鲜艳、个性鲜明的涂鸦。早期的涂鸦创作以文字为主，那些涂鸦画的创作者称自己为（写手）而非（画家）,而且通常是匿名的，他们流行用街道号码去假名，比如TAKI 183、JULIO 204、FRANK 207，他们的涂鸦画地盘的意味十分的浓厚。大部分的涂鸦创作者既不是专业的艺术家也不是专业的艺术系学生，而是来自纽约布朗克斯，布鲁克林和哈林区的街头少年。

涂鸦的行为本身是一种对权威的反叛，而涂鸦也是一种艺术的表达方式。借由这样的行为，从艺术的角度来说：行为艺术，能很快地引起社会政治界，媒体，以及主流艺术传统艺术文化界的注意，于是涂鸦的文字逐渐减少，转变成为大型精致的卡通绘画图象。学院派艺术家也跟进，于是专业涂鸦人开始出现，类似联盟、社团的团体也纷纷出了，之后涂鸦艺术开始进驻艺术画廊，供人欣赏、收藏、买卖、投资。自此涂鸦文化的性质发生了巨大的转变。

Answer 1

Crow first appeared in the 20th century, 60 years the United States. After so many years of development, culture, Crow has been painted on the streets spread to many countries in the world, in New York, Berlin, London, Copenhagen and some other big cities, and gradually be accepted. It has become an art, not the first U.S. black youth on the streets of the rebellion and regional counter-cultural behavior. In recent years, more and more young people hooked on graffiti culture. Different forms they present their attitude toward life, they want to declare for the expression of ideas or thoughts. Nowadays in China, graffiti has become the young people the most "boom" as one of the gadgets.
Graffiti is a form of street culture, the performance of static, it can be political, can be human nature, even without any meaning. It is derived from the inner voice of the most direct, colors more vivid colors sonorous voice, personality Zhang Yang. It is a symbol of urban young, passion and restlessness, anxiety and rebellion.
Crow first appeared in the 20th century, 60 years the United States. After so many years of development, culture, Crow has been painted on the streets spread to many countries in the world, in New York, Berlin, London, Copenhagen and some other big cities, and gradually be accepted. It has become an art, not the first U.S. black youth on the streets of the rebellion and regional counter-cultural behavior. In recent years, more and more young people hooked on graffiti culture. Different forms they present their attitude toward life, they want to declare for the expression of ideas or thoughts. Nowadays in China, graffiti has become the young people the most "boom" as one of the gadgets.
The United States as a capitalist country, the basic economic system led to American society, people's living standard gap between rich and poor is very poor. This will stir up people's social conditions in some of the dissatisfaction and rebellion, and thus there are some, like street basketball, street dance, graffiti, HIP & HOP, RAP songs and some other cultural practices peculiar to the United States on the streets, which is the U.S. street culture in general rebellion roots.
The 1960s to 80 years of New York City is also a dedicated emphasis on fast-paced cities, the living environment of people living throwing the narrow exposed in the streets, coupled with social inequality, living in such a society under the pressure of the sub-culture the margins of society, have been sufficient to form a so-called counter-culture of small groups. Moreover, a group of very poor neighborhoods have been treated as social problems, unemployment, dropping out of school Hispanic or black youth. They are anti-racism, anti-war, anti-sexual repression, anti-ideological campaign to suppress the rights of the wave and hit the living environment brought about by racial problems, poverty, employment constraints,
To form a regional counter-culture and social behavior. These include a street basketball, street graffiti, hip-hop, HIP & HOP, RAP rap songs and other activities. Among them, graffiti culture on the brink of destruction in New York originated in the margins of society by a group of dare to challenge authority with the U.S. government will be secular culture of children re-building up the debris.
Graffiti culture, which began in the late 60s to 80s prevailed unabated. From the late 70s to 80s a group of graffiti enthusiasts have been so for a living and develop their unique graffiti art to demonstrate their ideas, as well as from distinct personality. At a later stage it is no longer a simple counter-cultural-social behavior, while adding something of art inside, making it easier to be accepted, more legitimate. Too slowly walked from the ground floor.
In the early 1970s, when canned spray paint can be bought anywhere after the subway train carriages from the platform to the street to the walls until the walls of the toilet, everywhere you can see a variety, colorful, personality clear graffiti. The early text-based graffiti writing, painting graffiti artist who called themselves (writers) rather than (painter), and often anonymous, they are popular with the street number to pseudonyms, such as TAKI 183, JULIO 204, FRANK 207, their graffiti paintings imply a very strong site.
Most of the graffiti artist is neither a professional artist is not a professional art student, but from New York, Bronx, Brooklyn and the streets of Harlem youth.

Answer 2

Crow first appeared in the 1960s America. After so many years of development with cultural crow has spread streets to many countries in the world, in New York, Berlin, London, Copenhagen in some large cities, such as, and slowly being accepted. But gradually become a kind of art, but not the first American street with black youth rebel against the regional culture. In recent years, more and more young people fascinated graffiti culture. They take the form of showing their attitude of life, to express their thoughts and ideas of thought. Today in China, graffiti has become the most "tide" young one thing. Graffiti is still form of street culture, it is the political, is human, even without any meaning. It is the most direct from the inner voice, brightly colored steel, personality, sound. It is a symbol of young city, restless passion, and rebellion.
The United States as a capitalist country, its basic economic system in American society, people living level disparity is a widening gap between rich and poor. Such social status will provoke the dissatisfaction with some people, some insurgents appear as street basketball, hip-hop, graffiti, HIP&HOP, RAP song American street culture behavior, this is the American street culture roots. Rebel
In the 1960s to 1980s, New York city is an energetic and stressing the fast pace of urban living environment, narrow streets in the life, and into the social inequality, for life in such a society under the pressure of cultural marginalized, enough to form so-called reverse culture clique. Besides the slum is regarded as a social problem of Hispanic unemployment, drop-out or black youth. In their racial discrimination, sexual repression, moreover, the right of the ideological trend of sports depressive, touch the survival environment of racial issues, poverty, employment, forming a share of regional culture and social behavior. These activities include the street basketball, graffiti art, dance, HIP&HOP, RAP RAP song, etc. Among them, graffiti culture is originated from the New York society is destroyed by a group of edge, and the U.S. government authorities challenge dare the child will be built again fragments of the secular culture.
Graffiti culture which began in the late 1960s to 1980s,. From the late 1970s and 1980s has a group to live in accordance with the fans, doodle and the development of a unique graffiti art to assert their claims and up. He is no longer simply late into the culture of social behavior, and joined the art of stuff in there, making it easier to be accepted by people, and more. Slowly from underground to earth.
In the early 1970s, when the canned paint can buy, can from the subway trains to platform to the street to the toilet metope, the wall, can see various, colourful, distinctive graffiti. Early in the creation of graffiti, those words of graffiti call themselves (writers) rather than (to), and is usually painter, their popularity with the anonymous street number to pseudonyms, such as TAKI 183, JULIO 204, FRANK 207, their painting graffiti territory means very strong. Most of the graffiti artists of professional maker is neither art nor professional students, but from the Bronx, New York street brooklyn and harlem youth.

Graffiti behavior itself is a kind of authority, to rebel against the graffiti is a kind of artistic expression. By such behavior, from the perspective of art, art: can quickly cause social politics, media, as well as the mainstream art traditional art, cultural and graffiti text and gradually reduce the cartoon images large delicate painting. Academic artists also follow, so people begin to appear, professional graffiti, community groups of similar league in out, after graffiti art started in art galleries, for people to enjoy, collection, trade and investment. Since the properties of graffiti culture of change.
朋友我的一定对！

Answer 3

head是头