威廉布莱克的诗歌<London>评价, 50

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旷野微尘
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  London 伦敦 --William Blake威廉·布莱克
  译/李景琪、猎人hunter560 (2007年12月)
  I wandered through each chartered street,
  Near where the chartered Thames does flow,
  A mark in every face I meet,
  Marks of weakness, marks of woe.
  我徘徊在每一条特许的街上,
  附近特许的泰晤士河正流淌,
  我遇见的每张脸都有标记,
  标满了虚弱,标满了哀伤。
  In every cry of every man,
  In every infant's cry of fear,
  In every voice, in every ban,
  The mind-forged manacles I hear:
  在每个男人的叫喊中,
  在每个婴儿的惊泣中,
  在每个呼声,每个禁令中,
  我听到精神铸造的镣铐声:
  How the chimney-sweeper's cry
  Every blackening church appals,
  And the hapless soldier's sigh
  Runs in blood down palace-walls.
  烟囱清扫工的喊声怎样
  震惊每一座熏黑的教堂,
  不幸士兵的叹息声怎样
  回荡在鲜血淋淋的宫墙。
  But most, through midnight streets I hear
  How the youthful harlot's curse
  Blasts the new-born infant's tear,
  And blights with plagues the marriage-hearse.
  但最甚者是,穿过午夜的街道,
  我听到年轻的妓女怎样诅咒
  她新生婴儿的阵阵哭叫,
  肆虐的瘟疫怎样使婚车变成了灵柩。

  《伦敦》的第一节写诗人带养痛苦的沉思在伦敦街头徘徊,目睹的是大资木家“专用的”C ch arter'd)条条街道和泰晤士的运。“专用”成为垄断资木或商业权利的代名词。暗示养这座城市己经被资木主义的铜臭侵蚀,充满堕落与罪恶。而人民呢,他们赢弱病残,寒交迫,处处悲啼。“每一个过往的行人的脸上,都刻满了衰弱痛苦的表情”叭nd m arks们every face丁m ee创M ark s ofweakness, m arks ofwoe),为了突出强调市民们一无论成年人还是婴孩,止在遭受的厄运,诗人在第_节中又重复使用f 1个“every",而且用了一系列的平行结构,造成了很强的气势。(丁。every cry of every m耐Tn every infants cry offe蒯Tn every voice, in everyban)诗人以其敏锐的观察力,呈现给读者的是如此凄惨的场而:昏暗的街灯下为痛苦所扭曲的每一张脸,冷寂的深巷中传来的每一声诅咒和凄厉啼叫。这使视觉与听觉形象得以完美交融。诗人同时感悟到他们是被“心灵铸就的镣铐”}n ind-forg'd m anacles)所禁锢和扼杀.

从主题上看,《伦敦》对社会罪恶的谴责为基调。诗人抓住了最能说明这些罪恶的三个典型意象,扫烟囱的孩子,血洒宫墙的士兵,流落街头的妓女。在短短的16行诗中,这些都得到了尽情的揭露和批判。18世纪后期的英国工业革命使英国成为世界上第一个工业化国家,随养工业革命的发展,到处烟囱林立。许多穷苦人家的孩子成为清扫烟囱的廉价劳力。这些孩子衣衫槛褛,骨瘦如柴,整天在积满煤灰的烟囱里爬进爬出;这是当时英国资木主义社会的一大罪恶。而不幸的士兵无疑是资木主义非止义殖民战争的产物;深夜游荡街头的妓女更让人怜惜下层人民的悲惨,痛斥资木主义的罪恶和腐朽。围绕上述的三个中心意象,诗人从不同的角度以其他的意象来支持、强化谴责的主题。“诅咒”和“专用”相辅相成,到“心灵的镣铐”发展到极致。每一座教堂都被资木主义的烟囱熏黑,象征I英国教会与政府勾结的罪恶,皇宫的墙被士兵的鲜血“染红”,色彩上如此鲜明的对照,既是写实,又是抽象,异曲同工。诗中每一个意象都是阴郁的,止符合当时伦敦凄惨的夜景和泰晤士河畔夜行人郁闷的心情。此外,诗中连用了六种凄厉的声音来控诉这座城市的罪恶:人的喊儿的啼叫,镣铐银档,扫烟囱的孩子的喊叫,士兵的长叹,妓女的诅咒。诗人笔下生动的形象,沉痛而激越的声音,强烈的感染力,使这首诗深刻、辛辣、淋漓尽致地揭露I伦敦都市生活的腐败堕落。因此,0 liver F lton赞誉此诗为“最有力量的小诗。
  威廉·布莱克是英国十八世纪末十九世纪初的著名诗人,英国前浪漫主义文学的重要代表。他的诗蕴蓄养巨大力量,充满养
革命性。在他一生所作的许多诗篇(以及许多版画)里,布莱克一贯站在人民一边,一贯支持革命,拥护和平,反对战争,反对专
制暴政。他的优美的抒情诗,语高简洁,风格纯朴,却有养极丰富的想象力。他把自己的革命热情,对自由的向往,对美好生活
的爱及对黑暗社会的恨都寄予幻想,并用诗歌表现出来。这充分地显示t他的艺术灵感和才能。《经验之歌》是布莱克最重要的
诗集之一,主要诉说人生的苦难,是严酷现实的写照,而《伦敦》则是该诗集中最著名的短诗。
英国诗人中,以伦敦为题的作者不乏其人,如Johnson,W ord sw orth等。他们中有的是怀才不遇的学者,穷愁潦倒,发发牢骚;有的则是歌颂英国的伟大,伦敦的壮丽,而对残酷的社会现实却漠然视之。布莱克的贫穷生活使他接近劳动人民,认识了当时英国社会的黑暗和腐败。生活的沧桑和丰富的人生阅历,成就了这位情感复杂而思想深邃的文学巨匠。他笔下的伦敦与其他诗人迥然不同。
拿塞
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Romantic Artist and author Biography
Born in London on 28 November 1757
As a child ,he was already focused on imagination,the individual,and nature which are themes of the Romantic and Transcendental period.
At the age 10,he was enrolled in Henry Par's drawing school.
He was exposed to Greek and Roman sculputure, which influenced his later work.
At the age 14,he became an apprentice at an engraving business.
As an engraver, he learned how to make "copperplates."that were used as surfaces for etchings.Below is a picture of some of the tools he used for engraving.A lot of theme look like tools from modern kitchens or garages.
As he continued to develop his skill in visual arts,Black also developed his writing skills.
In 1783 ,his firstset of poems,Poetical Sketches,was published.
The subject maatter of his works were Romantic in their nature because they included discussion of nature religion,the individual ,and ideas from his own imagination.
Point of view
Politically Black was a rebel,making friends with those radicals. He strongly criticized the capitalist cruel exploitation.He cherished great expectations and enthusiasm for the French Revolution.He once said the "dark satanic mills left men unpployed,killed children and forced prostitution".
Literarily Black was the first important romantic poet,showing contempt for the rule of reason,opposite the classical tradition of the 18th century, and treauring the individual's imagination.
Writing features
Black writinghis poems in plain an direct language.
He presents his view in visual images rather that abstract ideas.
Symbolism in wide range is a dis tinctive feature of his poetry
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