谁知道端午节的来历？(用英语）
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The Dragon Boat Festival origin and fable Dragon Boat Festival are the
ancient traditional holiday, the beginning to China's Spring and
Autumn Period Warring States time, until now already some more than
2,000 years history. Dragon Boat Festival's origin and the fable are
very many, here only introduces following four kinds: The source to
commemorates Qu Yuan according to "Shihchi" "Qu Yuan the Jia fresh
biography" the record, Qu Yuan, is Spring and Autumn Period time
Minister Chu Huaiwang. He initiates to lift virtuous giving energy,
富国强兵, advocated strongly association Qi Kangqin, encounters
person's the and so on expensive 族子 orchid intense opposition, Qu
Yuan suffers greedily goes to the duty, is expelled the capital city,
exiles 沅, the Hunan basin. He in the exile, wrote down has been
concerned about country and people "离骚", "Day Asked", "Nine Songs"
and so on immortal poem, the alone style, affected profoundly (thus,
Dragon Boat Festival also called poet festival). 278 B.C., the Qin
armed force breaks through the Chu country Kyoto. Qu Yuan saw own
motherland are invaded, feels as if a knife were piercing heart, but
throughout does not endure to discard own motherland, on May 5, after
has written down 绝笔 makes "Bosom Sand", holds the stone to throw
the Miluo river body to die, has composed a tune grand patriotism
music movement by own life. After fable Qu Yuan died, the Chu country
common people are sorrowful exceptionally, well up in abundance to
汨罗 the waterfront are grieved by reminder of deceased Qu Yuan. The
fishermen delimit the ships, back and forth salvages his true body in
the river. Has a fisherman to put out food and so on food group, egg
which prepares for Qu Yuan, "splash, splash" throws in the river, said
was lets the fish lobster crab eat to the full, could not go nips
Doctor Qu's body. After the people see imitate in abundance. A senior
doctor brings world realgar wine to pour into in the river, said wants
the medicine corona flood dragon marine animals, in order to avoid
injures Doctor Qu. Afterwards for feared the food group eats for the
flood dragon, the people find out with the melia japonica leaf 包饭,
outside entangles the color silk, develops Cheng Zongzi. Later, in
every year in May fifth day, will have the dragon boat boat race, has
eaten the steamed rice dumpling, drinks the realgar wine the custom;
To this comes commemorative patriotic poet Qu Yuan. The source to
commemorates Wu Zixu Dragon Boat Festival the second fable, spreads
area Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces very broadly, is commemorates the
Spring and Autumn Period time (the B.C.E. 770-- previous 476 years) Wu
Zixu. Wu Zixu, the Chu country person, 父兄 kills for Chu king,
afterwards the child assisted 弃暗投明, rushes to the Wu country,
helped Wu Fachu, five fought enters Chu Duying the city. At that time
Chu Pingwang has died, sub- assists 掘墓 flogs a corpse 300, to the
newspaper kills 父兄 the enmity. After Wu Wanghe the hut dies, its
sub- husband difference continues the position, the Wu armed force
morale high, is ever-victorious, jumps over the country rout,
越王勾践 please with, the husband difference permits it. Sub-
assists the suggestion, should thoroughly eliminate more the country,
the husband misses does not listen, Wu Guoda butchers, is jumped over
the country bribe, the slanderous talk frames the child to assist,
husband bad letter it, bestows the child to assist the treasured
sword, sub- Xu Yici dies. Sub- Xu Benwei loyal is good, is unafraid of
death, said in front of dying to the neighbor person: "After I died,
digs out my eye is hanging east gate of in the Wujing, looked more the
country army enters the city to extinguish Wu", then suicides dies,
the husband misses Wen Yan to be angry, is assisted the wrench the
corpse to install in the leather invests on May 5 the big river,
therefore hands down Dragon Boat Festival also for commemorates date
of the Wu Zixu. The source to commemoration 孝女 Cao the E Dragon
Boat Festival's third fable, is for commemorates the Eastern Han
Dynasty (the A.D. 23--220 year) 孝女 Cao Ejiu the father to throw
the river. Cao E is the Eastern Han Dynasty 上虞 person, the father
drowns Yu Jiangzhong, on severalth does not see the corpse, at that
time 孝女 Cao Enian the only 14 years old, the day and night along
the river wailed. Crossed 17 day, also throws the river in May 5, five
will hold the father corpse in the future. Passes on in light of this
for the myth, subsequently hands down to the county government office
county magistrate, made still to set up a stone monument for it, pure
lets his disciple Handan make the eulogy refined language praise.
孝女 grave of the Cao E, in now Zhejiang Shaoxing, rear-drive Cao
Ebei is the Jin king righteousness book. The posterity for
commemorates the Cao E's filial piety festival, the river place
constructs Cao Emiao in Cao Etou, she lives the villages and small
towns change name as Cao Ezhen, Cao Exun the father place choose a
name as Cao'e Jiang. Source Yu Guyue the nationality totem offers a
sacrifice to the modern massive archaeological finds and the
archaeology research confirmed that, Middle and lower reaches Yangtze
River general areas, in the neolites time, some one geometry 印纹
ceramic remains for the characteristic culture. Should remain the race
is, is a worship dragon totem clan and tribe ---- history calls
hundred races according to the expert inference. On the unearthed
earthenware decorative design in a utensil and the historical fable
示明, they have break send 纹身 the custom, lives to the region of
rivers and lakes, compares oneself to others is the dragon
descendants. Its production tool, are massive or the stone implement,
also has the shovel, the chisel and so on the small bronzeware. As in
the daily necessities pots and blows, the fever boils food 印纹 Tao
Ding is they unique, is one of they race group symbols. Still had
hundred people until the the Qin and Han Dynasty time, Dragon Boat
Festival was they establishes uses in to offer a sacrifice to
ancestor's holiday. In in the number millennium historical
development, the majority of hundred Vietnamese people's already fused
in the Han Nationality to go, other parts evolved for south many
national minorities, therefore, Dragon Boat Festival has become the
entire Chinese nation's holiday.
ancient traditional holiday, the beginning to China's Spring and
Autumn Period Warring States time, until now already some more than
2,000 years history. Dragon Boat Festival's origin and the fable are
very many, here only introduces following four kinds: The source to
commemorates Qu Yuan according to "Shihchi" "Qu Yuan the Jia fresh
biography" the record, Qu Yuan, is Spring and Autumn Period time
Minister Chu Huaiwang. He initiates to lift virtuous giving energy,
富国强兵, advocated strongly association Qi Kangqin, encounters
person's the and so on expensive 族子 orchid intense opposition, Qu
Yuan suffers greedily goes to the duty, is expelled the capital city,
exiles 沅, the Hunan basin. He in the exile, wrote down has been
concerned about country and people "离骚", "Day Asked", "Nine Songs"
and so on immortal poem, the alone style, affected profoundly (thus,
Dragon Boat Festival also called poet festival). 278 B.C., the Qin
armed force breaks through the Chu country Kyoto. Qu Yuan saw own
motherland are invaded, feels as if a knife were piercing heart, but
throughout does not endure to discard own motherland, on May 5, after
has written down 绝笔 makes "Bosom Sand", holds the stone to throw
the Miluo river body to die, has composed a tune grand patriotism
music movement by own life. After fable Qu Yuan died, the Chu country
common people are sorrowful exceptionally, well up in abundance to
汨罗 the waterfront are grieved by reminder of deceased Qu Yuan. The
fishermen delimit the ships, back and forth salvages his true body in
the river. Has a fisherman to put out food and so on food group, egg
which prepares for Qu Yuan, "splash, splash" throws in the river, said
was lets the fish lobster crab eat to the full, could not go nips
Doctor Qu's body. After the people see imitate in abundance. A senior
doctor brings world realgar wine to pour into in the river, said wants
the medicine corona flood dragon marine animals, in order to avoid
injures Doctor Qu. Afterwards for feared the food group eats for the
flood dragon, the people find out with the melia japonica leaf 包饭,
outside entangles the color silk, develops Cheng Zongzi. Later, in
every year in May fifth day, will have the dragon boat boat race, has
eaten the steamed rice dumpling, drinks the realgar wine the custom;
To this comes commemorative patriotic poet Qu Yuan. The source to
commemorates Wu Zixu Dragon Boat Festival the second fable, spreads
area Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces very broadly, is commemorates the
Spring and Autumn Period time (the B.C.E. 770-- previous 476 years) Wu
Zixu. Wu Zixu, the Chu country person, 父兄 kills for Chu king,
afterwards the child assisted 弃暗投明, rushes to the Wu country,
helped Wu Fachu, five fought enters Chu Duying the city. At that time
Chu Pingwang has died, sub- assists 掘墓 flogs a corpse 300, to the
newspaper kills 父兄 the enmity. After Wu Wanghe the hut dies, its
sub- husband difference continues the position, the Wu armed force
morale high, is ever-victorious, jumps over the country rout,
越王勾践 please with, the husband difference permits it. Sub-
assists the suggestion, should thoroughly eliminate more the country,
the husband misses does not listen, Wu Guoda butchers, is jumped over
the country bribe, the slanderous talk frames the child to assist,
husband bad letter it, bestows the child to assist the treasured
sword, sub- Xu Yici dies. Sub- Xu Benwei loyal is good, is unafraid of
death, said in front of dying to the neighbor person: "After I died,
digs out my eye is hanging east gate of in the Wujing, looked more the
country army enters the city to extinguish Wu", then suicides dies,
the husband misses Wen Yan to be angry, is assisted the wrench the
corpse to install in the leather invests on May 5 the big river,
therefore hands down Dragon Boat Festival also for commemorates date
of the Wu Zixu. The source to commemoration 孝女 Cao the E Dragon
Boat Festival's third fable, is for commemorates the Eastern Han
Dynasty (the A.D. 23--220 year) 孝女 Cao Ejiu the father to throw
the river. Cao E is the Eastern Han Dynasty 上虞 person, the father
drowns Yu Jiangzhong, on severalth does not see the corpse, at that
time 孝女 Cao Enian the only 14 years old, the day and night along
the river wailed. Crossed 17 day, also throws the river in May 5, five
will hold the father corpse in the future. Passes on in light of this
for the myth, subsequently hands down to the county government office
county magistrate, made still to set up a stone monument for it, pure
lets his disciple Handan make the eulogy refined language praise.
孝女 grave of the Cao E, in now Zhejiang Shaoxing, rear-drive Cao
Ebei is the Jin king righteousness book. The posterity for
commemorates the Cao E's filial piety festival, the river place
constructs Cao Emiao in Cao Etou, she lives the villages and small
towns change name as Cao Ezhen, Cao Exun the father place choose a
name as Cao'e Jiang. Source Yu Guyue the nationality totem offers a
sacrifice to the modern massive archaeological finds and the
archaeology research confirmed that, Middle and lower reaches Yangtze
River general areas, in the neolites time, some one geometry 印纹
ceramic remains for the characteristic culture. Should remain the race
is, is a worship dragon totem clan and tribe ---- history calls
hundred races according to the expert inference. On the unearthed
earthenware decorative design in a utensil and the historical fable
示明, they have break send 纹身 the custom, lives to the region of
rivers and lakes, compares oneself to others is the dragon
descendants. Its production tool, are massive or the stone implement,
also has the shovel, the chisel and so on the small bronzeware. As in
the daily necessities pots and blows, the fever boils food 印纹 Tao
Ding is they unique, is one of they race group symbols. Still had
hundred people until the the Qin and Han Dynasty time, Dragon Boat
Festival was they establishes uses in to offer a sacrifice to
ancestor's holiday. In in the number millennium historical
development, the majority of hundred Vietnamese people's already fused
in the Han Nationality to go, other parts evolved for south many
national minorities, therefore, Dragon Boat Festival has become the
entire Chinese nation's holiday.
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The Lantern Festival
Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. This is the first full moon of the new year, symbolizing unity and perfection. Lantern Festival is an important part of Spring Festival , and marks the official end of the long holiday.
There are many legends concerning the origins of Lantern Festival.
According to one legend, once in ancient times, a celestial swan came into the mortal world where it was shot down by a hunter. The Jade Emperor, the highest god in Heaven, vowed to avenge the swan. He started making plans to send a troop of celestial soldiers and generals to Earth on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, with orders to incinerate all humans and animals. But the other celestial beings disagreed with this course of action, and risked their lives to warn the people of Earth. As a result, before and after the fifteenth day of the first month, every family hung red lanterns outside their doors and set off firecrackers and fireworks, giving the impression that their homes were already burning. By successfully tricking the Jade Emperor in this way, humanity was saved from extermination.
According to another legend, during the time of Emperor Han Wudi of the Han Dynasty , a palace woman named Yuanxiao was prevented from carrying out her filial duty of visiting her parents on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. Distraught, she said she would kill herself by jumping into a well. In order to help Yuanxiao fulfill her duty as a filial daughter, the scholar Dongfang Shuo came up with a scheme. He told Emperor Han Wudi that the Jade Emperor, the highest god in Heaven, had ordered the Fire God to burn down the capital city of Chang'an on the sixteenth day of the first lunar month. Anxious to find a way to save his city, the emperor asked Dongfang Shuo what he should do. Dongfang Shuo replied that the Fire God loved red lanterns more than anything. He advised that the streets be hung with red lanterns, and the emperor, empress, concubines, and court officials come out of the palace to see them. In this way, the Fire God
would be distracted and disaster averted. The emperor followed Dongfang Shuo's advice, and while everyone was out viewing the lanterns, Yuanxiao was able to sneak out of the palace and be reunited with her parents.
Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. This is the first full moon of the new year, symbolizing unity and perfection. Lantern Festival is an important part of Spring Festival , and marks the official end of the long holiday.
There are many legends concerning the origins of Lantern Festival.
According to one legend, once in ancient times, a celestial swan came into the mortal world where it was shot down by a hunter. The Jade Emperor, the highest god in Heaven, vowed to avenge the swan. He started making plans to send a troop of celestial soldiers and generals to Earth on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, with orders to incinerate all humans and animals. But the other celestial beings disagreed with this course of action, and risked their lives to warn the people of Earth. As a result, before and after the fifteenth day of the first month, every family hung red lanterns outside their doors and set off firecrackers and fireworks, giving the impression that their homes were already burning. By successfully tricking the Jade Emperor in this way, humanity was saved from extermination.
According to another legend, during the time of Emperor Han Wudi of the Han Dynasty , a palace woman named Yuanxiao was prevented from carrying out her filial duty of visiting her parents on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. Distraught, she said she would kill herself by jumping into a well. In order to help Yuanxiao fulfill her duty as a filial daughter, the scholar Dongfang Shuo came up with a scheme. He told Emperor Han Wudi that the Jade Emperor, the highest god in Heaven, had ordered the Fire God to burn down the capital city of Chang'an on the sixteenth day of the first lunar month. Anxious to find a way to save his city, the emperor asked Dongfang Shuo what he should do. Dongfang Shuo replied that the Fire God loved red lanterns more than anything. He advised that the streets be hung with red lanterns, and the emperor, empress, concubines, and court officials come out of the palace to see them. In this way, the Fire God
would be distracted and disaster averted. The emperor followed Dongfang Shuo's advice, and while everyone was out viewing the lanterns, Yuanxiao was able to sneak out of the palace and be reunited with her parents.
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端午节由来与传说
端午节是古老的传统节日，始于中国的春秋战国时期，至今已有2000多年历史。端午节的由来与传说很多，这里仅介绍以下四种：
源于纪念屈原
据《史记》“屈原贾生列传”记载，屈原，是春秋时期楚怀王的大臣。他倡导举贤授能，富国强兵，力主联齐抗秦，遭到贵族子兰等人的强烈反对，屈原遭馋去职，被赶出都城，流放到沅、湘流域。他在流放中，写下了忧国忧民的《离骚》、《天问》、《九歌》等不朽诗篇，独具风貌，影响深远（因而，端午节也称诗人节）。公元前278年，秦军攻破楚国京都。屈原眼看自己的祖国被侵略，心如刀割，但是始终不忍舍弃自己的祖国，于五月五日，在写下了绝笔作《怀沙》之后，抱石投汨罗江身死，以自己的生命谱写了一曲壮丽的爱国主义乐章。
传说屈原死后，楚国百姓哀痛异常，纷纷涌到汨罗江边去凭吊屈原。渔夫们划起船只，在江上来回打捞他的真身。有位渔夫拿出为屈原准备的饭团、鸡蛋等食物，“扑通、扑通”地丢进江里，说是让鱼龙虾蟹吃饱了，就不会去咬屈大夫的身体了。人们见后纷纷仿效。一位老医师则拿来一坛雄黄酒倒进江里，说是要药晕蛟龙水兽，以免伤害屈大夫。后来为怕饭团为蛟龙所食，人们想出用楝树叶包饭，外缠彩丝，发展成棕子。
以后，在每年的五月初五，就有了龙舟竞渡、吃粽子、喝雄黄酒的风俗；以此来纪念爱国诗人屈原。
源于纪念伍子胥
端午节的第二个传说，在江浙一带流传很广，是纪念春秋时期（公元前770--前476年）的伍子胥。伍子胥名员，楚国人，父兄均为楚王所杀，后来子胥弃暗投明，奔向吴国，助吴伐楚，五战而入楚都郢城。当时楚平王已死，子胥掘墓鞭尸三百，以报杀父兄之仇。吴王阖庐死后，其子夫差继位，吴军士气高昂，百战百胜，越国大败，越王勾践请和，夫差许之。子胥建议，应彻底消灭越国，夫差不听，吴国大宰，受越国贿赂，谗言陷害子胥，夫差信之，赐子胥宝剑，子胥以此死。子胥本为忠良，视死如归，在死前对邻舍人说：“我死后，将我眼睛挖出悬挂在吴京之东门上，以看越国军队入城灭吴”，便自刎而死，夫差闻言大怒，令取子胥之尸体装在皮革里于五月五日投入大江，因此相传端午节亦为纪念伍子胥之日。
源于纪念孝女曹娥
端午节的第三个传说，是为纪念东汉（公元23--220年）孝女曹娥救父投江。曹娥是东汉上虞人，父亲溺于江中，数日不见尸体，当时孝女曹娥年仅十四岁，昼夜沿江号哭。过了十七天，在五月五日也投江，五日后抱出父尸。就此传为神话，继而相传至县府知事，令度尚为之立碑，让他的弟子邯郸淳作诔辞颂扬。
孝女曹娥之墓，在今浙江绍兴，后传曹娥碑为晋王义所书。后人为纪念曹娥的孝节，在曹娥投江之处兴建曹娥庙，她所居住的村镇改名为曹娥镇，曹娥殉父之处定名为曹娥江。
源于古越民族图腾祭
近代大量出土文物和考古研究证实：长江中下游广大地区，在新石器时代，有一种几何印纹陶为特征的文化遗存。该遗存的族属，据专家推断是一个崇拜龙的图腾的部族----史称百越族。出土陶器上的纹饰和历史传说示明，他们有断发纹身的习俗，生活于水乡，自比是龙的子孙。其生产工具，大量的还是石器，也有铲、凿等小件的青铜器。作为生活用品的坛坛罐罐中，烧煮食物的印纹陶鼎是他们所特有的，是他们族群的标志之一。直到秦汉时代尚有百越人，端午节就是他们创立用于祭祖的节日。在数千年的历史发展中，大部分百越人已经融合到汉族中去了，其余部分则演变为南方许多少数民族，因此，端午节成了全中华民族的节日。
端午节是古老的传统节日，始于中国的春秋战国时期，至今已有2000多年历史。端午节的由来与传说很多，这里仅介绍以下四种：
源于纪念屈原
据《史记》“屈原贾生列传”记载，屈原，是春秋时期楚怀王的大臣。他倡导举贤授能，富国强兵，力主联齐抗秦，遭到贵族子兰等人的强烈反对，屈原遭馋去职，被赶出都城，流放到沅、湘流域。他在流放中，写下了忧国忧民的《离骚》、《天问》、《九歌》等不朽诗篇，独具风貌，影响深远（因而，端午节也称诗人节）。公元前278年，秦军攻破楚国京都。屈原眼看自己的祖国被侵略，心如刀割，但是始终不忍舍弃自己的祖国，于五月五日，在写下了绝笔作《怀沙》之后，抱石投汨罗江身死，以自己的生命谱写了一曲壮丽的爱国主义乐章。
传说屈原死后，楚国百姓哀痛异常，纷纷涌到汨罗江边去凭吊屈原。渔夫们划起船只，在江上来回打捞他的真身。有位渔夫拿出为屈原准备的饭团、鸡蛋等食物，“扑通、扑通”地丢进江里，说是让鱼龙虾蟹吃饱了，就不会去咬屈大夫的身体了。人们见后纷纷仿效。一位老医师则拿来一坛雄黄酒倒进江里，说是要药晕蛟龙水兽，以免伤害屈大夫。后来为怕饭团为蛟龙所食，人们想出用楝树叶包饭，外缠彩丝，发展成棕子。
以后，在每年的五月初五，就有了龙舟竞渡、吃粽子、喝雄黄酒的风俗；以此来纪念爱国诗人屈原。
源于纪念伍子胥
端午节的第二个传说，在江浙一带流传很广，是纪念春秋时期（公元前770--前476年）的伍子胥。伍子胥名员，楚国人，父兄均为楚王所杀，后来子胥弃暗投明，奔向吴国，助吴伐楚，五战而入楚都郢城。当时楚平王已死，子胥掘墓鞭尸三百，以报杀父兄之仇。吴王阖庐死后，其子夫差继位，吴军士气高昂，百战百胜，越国大败，越王勾践请和，夫差许之。子胥建议，应彻底消灭越国，夫差不听，吴国大宰，受越国贿赂，谗言陷害子胥，夫差信之，赐子胥宝剑，子胥以此死。子胥本为忠良，视死如归，在死前对邻舍人说：“我死后，将我眼睛挖出悬挂在吴京之东门上，以看越国军队入城灭吴”，便自刎而死，夫差闻言大怒，令取子胥之尸体装在皮革里于五月五日投入大江，因此相传端午节亦为纪念伍子胥之日。
源于纪念孝女曹娥
端午节的第三个传说，是为纪念东汉（公元23--220年）孝女曹娥救父投江。曹娥是东汉上虞人，父亲溺于江中，数日不见尸体，当时孝女曹娥年仅十四岁，昼夜沿江号哭。过了十七天，在五月五日也投江，五日后抱出父尸。就此传为神话，继而相传至县府知事，令度尚为之立碑，让他的弟子邯郸淳作诔辞颂扬。
孝女曹娥之墓，在今浙江绍兴，后传曹娥碑为晋王义所书。后人为纪念曹娥的孝节，在曹娥投江之处兴建曹娥庙，她所居住的村镇改名为曹娥镇，曹娥殉父之处定名为曹娥江。
源于古越民族图腾祭
近代大量出土文物和考古研究证实：长江中下游广大地区，在新石器时代，有一种几何印纹陶为特征的文化遗存。该遗存的族属，据专家推断是一个崇拜龙的图腾的部族----史称百越族。出土陶器上的纹饰和历史传说示明，他们有断发纹身的习俗，生活于水乡，自比是龙的子孙。其生产工具，大量的还是石器，也有铲、凿等小件的青铜器。作为生活用品的坛坛罐罐中，烧煮食物的印纹陶鼎是他们所特有的，是他们族群的标志之一。直到秦汉时代尚有百越人，端午节就是他们创立用于祭祖的节日。在数千年的历史发展中，大部分百越人已经融合到汉族中去了，其余部分则演变为南方许多少数民族，因此，端午节成了全中华民族的节日。
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