Question

请大家帮忙翻译一下……紧急！多谢了！

4. Approach to managing change
(1) 3-Phase (Lewin’s notion)
• Unfreezing: change effort to overcome the pressures of both individual & group conformity,
• implementation, equilibrium state
• Refreezing or institutionalization: stabilizing a change intervention by balancing. Sustained over time, prevent from being short lived & reverting to the previous --
• the analysis of driving forces: forces that direct behavior away from the status quo. constrainting forces: forces that hinder movement away -- achieved in 1 of the 3 ways,--,--,combine the 1st 2
(1)5-steps Action research
• A change process based on systematic collection of data & then selection of a change action based on what the analyzed data indicate
• diagnosis: gathering information about problems
• analysis: synthesized this information into primary concerns, problem areas,& possible actions
• feedback: sharing with - what has been found from
• action: carry out the specific action to correct --
• evaluation: the effectiveness of the actions, using the initial data gathered as points of reference.
5. Key Change issues in the 1990s
(1) stimulating organizational innovation
• A new idea applied to initiating or improving a products, process or service
• structural variables:organic -- positively influence innovation; long tenure in -- is associated with --. 3.nurtured where there are slack resource,bearing the cost of -; internunit communication facilitate cross-fertilization
• culture encouraging experimentation.reward both success & failure,celebrate mistakes.rewarded for the absence of failures rather than for the presence of successes
• human resources:promote training & development of -- to keep current.offer high job security so -- don’t fear getting fired for M-M.champion of change:s-c. Per,energy,r-t,lead
(1)creating the learning organization
• --has developed the continuous capacity to adapt & change
• single-loop learning:errors are corrected using past routines & present policies
• double-loop learning:errors are corrected by modifying the --’s objectives, policies & standard routines
• basic characteristics of--:a shared vision; put aside old ways of thinking;think of all -- factors with the environment as part of a system of interrelationships; be open with each other without fear of --;sublimate -- to work together to achieve the --’s shared vision
• remedy for:fragmentation,over competition,reactiveness
• managing learning: strategy,redesign the --, culture

Answer 1

大概意思是：4。管理转变
（1）3相（Lewin的概念）
•解冻：变化的努力，克服个人和团体都符合的压力，
•实施，平衡状态
•重新冻结或制度化：由稳定平衡的变化干预。持续的时间，防止短暂和恢复到以前的 -
•驱动力：力量，直接的行为远离分析现状。 constrainting力量：力量，阻碍运动远离 - 在三种方式,--,--,结合取得的第1 2 1
（1）5步行动研究
•一个变化过程的系统收集的数据和当时在什么基础上的分析数据变化的行动选择的显示
•诊断：收集有关问题的信息
•分析：综合为主要关注，问题领域，与此信息可能采取的行动
•反馈：分享 - 如何被发现的
•行动：开展具体行动纠正 -
•评价：该行动的有效性，以作为参考点收集的原始数据。
5。变化问题的关键在90年代
（1）刺激组织创新
•一个新的想法应用到启动或完善的产品，过程或服务
•结构变量：有机 - 创新产生积极的影响;长的任期，在 - 是与--. 3.nurtured在有资源涣散，影响成本 - ; internunit沟通促进跨受精
•文化鼓励experimentation.reward都成功与失败，为庆祝mistakes.rewarded失败的情况下，而不是存在的成就
•：人力资源，促进培训及发展 - 保持current.offer高就业保障等 - 不要害怕付出的变化MM.champion发射：资深大律师。每次，能源，的r -吨，铅
（1）创建学习型组织
• - 持续发展的适应能力和变革
•单环学习：错误被纠正过去使用目前的政策和程序
•双回路学习：通过修改错误的 - 的目标，政策和标准程序纠正
•基本特征 - ：一个共同的远见，抛开旧思维，在大家都认为 - 与环境因素的相互关系系统的一部分，是相互开放没有 - ;升华 - 恐惧共同努力实现的 - 的共同愿景
•补救办法：碎裂的竞争，后知后觉
•管理学习：策略，重新设计 - 文化