Question

求化工英语文献及其翻译（200分）

如题，麻烦了。尽快啊，三四天之内就需要啊，
救命啊，大概就是和什么有机化学有关，无机也行。
要翻译文献，不要是课本上的东西，
大概英语要六页文稿纸的长度，以及翻译，
拜托了，如果是满意答案，还可以再开一个问题来加分。
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Answer 1

1, the structure characteristics of the organic matter
Organic structures differ? Why many kinds organic?
2 and hydrocarbon
What call hydrocarbon? This chapter learned what hydrocarbon? What is the general?
(1) the classification of hydrocarbon generation

Saturated hydrocarbons, alkane CnH2n + 2 (1) experiment.it --
Chain hydrocarbon olefins CnH2n (2) experiment.it --
Unsaturated hydrocarbons --
GuiTing hydrocarbon CnH2n - 2 (2) experiment.it --

Aromatic hydrocarbons (such as benzene and TongXiWu CnH2n) 6-6) (n p
(2) the structure of hydrocarbon characteristics and main chemical properties
The main characteristic structural chemistry
C? C only alkane keying halogen such substitution reaction, decomposition
C = = C olefin contain such key and halogen cycloaddition reactions, and potassium permanganate oxidation reaction, the polymerization
GuiTing containing C ≡ C key and halogen lamps, etc, and potassium permanganate cycloaddition reactions occur oxidation reaction, the polymerization
Benzene,
(pah) and halogen lamps, etc, and hydrogen cycloaddition reactions occur in cycloaddition reactions

3, a few important concept
(1) TongXiWu: structure, the difference in the molecules of one or several CH2 atoms, call TongXiWu,
(2) with heterogeneous phenomenon: compounds with the same formula, but have different structured phenomenon, called with heterogeneous phenomenon,
(3) oil: has the same points of heterogeneous phenomenon known as oil each compound,
4, several important organic chemical reaction type
In this chapter, the knowledge of chemical properties of each representative involved in what reaction type? Its meaning is what?
(1) the oxidation reaction: including two meanings with oxygen burning (2) can be KMnO4 acidic solution oxidation,
(2) substitution reaction of organic molecules: some atoms or atoms were replaced by other atoms or directly, the reaction that substitution reaction. If the response, and halogen alkanes bromine liquid of benzene and nitration reaction, benzene, daqing heidimiao belong to replace reaction; etc.
(3) cycloaddition reactions in organic molecules: unsaturated carbon atoms and other atoms or directly generate new compounds with direct response called cycloaddition reactions. Such as ethylene and bromine and other halogen or hydrogen reaction and reaction of acetylene and halogen lamps are cycloaddition reactions, etc.
(4) polymerization: by the relative molecular mass of small molecules into the compound relative molecular mass of polymer reaction called polymerization. Such as vinyl chloride, the polymerization of polymerization are polymerization,
5 and alkane system nomenclature
The habit of alkane what disadvantages of? The system of nomenclature alkanes principles and steps is what?
The basic principle of the system are: (1) the most simplified principle, Principle of its affiliated enterprises (2), But as a long a nearly a few main chain is more than a long, Numbers starting from the chain recently, chain number, chain position number. Sum
The basic procedure of the system can be described as: (1) the main chain, says one chosen by, (2) Numbers, chain, 3 in substituents, note position, even before the short, 4 different, Jane before, the same base, 23.
6, oil and coal
Oil and coal are important chemical raw materials, but also the important energy material from crude oil, so that all sorts of chemical products, which way to pass? How to improve the utilization of coal combustion efficiency and?
Oil refining including fractionation, cracking and cracking. The different hydrocarbons fractionation is using the boiling point, through the continuous heating and condensation, put oil into different boiling point range distillation process of product. Cracking is under certain conditions, make long-chain hydrocarbon breaks into short chain hydrocarbon method, the main product is relative molecular mass smaller liquid hydrocarbon. Cracking is the main product is cracking, the depth of the relative molecular mass of smaller unsaturated hydrocarbons such as ethylene, etc.
The value of coal to get the full use, must use integratedly, general measures have the distillation of coal coking coal (also called the coal gasification, and liquefaction.

Rule
A calculation formula of hydrocarbon and inference in its structure

Determine the basic methods of hydrocarbon formula:
[a] according to organic mass fraction of each element of the quality (or elements, organic than) the most short, according to the type of organic determine the patent (formula). Namely: quality score - the most simple and formula
[2] according to quality and organic organic Moore of each element of quality score (than), or the quality of 1mol calculate the organic material of each element of the atom, thus determine the number of atoms of each molecules. Namely:
Quality score > 1mol material of each element of the atomic matter "
[3] combustion general method. As for the hydrocarbon CxHy set, due to the x and y is relatively independent, calculation of simple data. According to the hydrocarbon combustion reaction, with the general formula calculation, CxHy the x and y, finally obtained the formula for hydrocarbon.

Note:
(1) gas molar mass = 22.4 L/mol x dg/L (d for standard conditions gas density).
(2) one of A gas gas relative density for DA, the gas type quantity M = MADA.
(3) by the molecular formula for hydrocarbon method:
1 M / 14, except for olefins, can infer, its business for cycloparafin hydrocarbon or the number of carbon atoms,
2, 2 M / 14 can do, can infer, its business for paraffin carbon atom number for,
3 M / 14, poor can consume, GuiTing or two pieces for olefin or ring for olefin, the number of carbon atoms.
4 M / 14, six can infer, except for the benzene or TongXiWu benzene.
By type quantity available for the patent law, the steps over business as follows:
1 to contractor and the remainder from division, type of hydrocarbon quantity of patent, symmetrical H atom number can't super saturated.
2 for equivalent substitution identified with the type of hydrocarbon quantity of hydrocarbon or other derivatives, patent:
(1) 1 C atoms can replace 12 H atoms,
(2) 1 O atom may replace 16 H atoms or molecules CH4 "1",
(3) a N atoms can replace 14 H atoms or molecules "1" CH2, H atom number to keep even.

Complete combustion relevant laws
(1) the amount of the hydrocarbon (CnHm) complete combustion, oxygen consumption of many decisions in n + values, n + and oxygen consumption of more and less.
(2) the quality of hydrocarbon (such CnHm) complete combustion, oxygen consumption of much depends on the mass fraction of hydrogen, namely, the value, the more oxygen consumption, or less.
(3) the quality of hydrocarbon (such CnHm) complete combustion, mass fraction of carbon, hydrogen, the more the CO2 mass fraction, the more the H2O.
(4) in the same hydrocarbon in any mixing ratio, are: (1) the quality of a mixture of hydrocarbon element mass fraction ratio, 2 the quality of mixed operation must use complete combustion, O2 quality of the quality of CO2 are unchanged.
(5) for the hydrocarbon CnHm formula for:
When m = 4, and the amount of material complete combustion,
2 when m < 4 when, after the complete combustion reduced.
3 when m > 4 when, after the complete combustion.
after
Three, all kinds of hydrocarbon and H2 bonus amount of substance of:
Unsaturated hydrocarbons with the biggest bonus material H2 quantity
Olefins 1:1
The diolefins 1:2
GuiTing 1:2
1:3 and TongXiWu benzene
styrene
1:4 - CH CH2

According to the formula of hydrocarbon may have a structure
General from alkane CnH2n + 2, the molecules of C = C per formed a bond or a ring, reduce 2 hydrogen original, Every form a molecule of ≡ C C key, reduced the four hydrogen atoms. According to this law by the hydrocarbon formula that may have its properties, the structure can determine the structure Jane. As for the hydrocarbon C5H8 formula with the amount of substances such as Br2 bonus, try the structure and its possible that the structure of Jane write. First according to its molecules known its molecules of C5H12 less than four hydrogen atoms, may be the diolefins and GuiTing or ring, according to its olefins with Br2 bonus for the ring that its proportion in olefins and structure

Five, we write and reaction of monomer. Polymers
(1) we reaction written:
Single olefins we response for:

The diolefins conjugate of reaction to we:

3 when consider different monomers we may have different connection. Such as styrene and ethylene reaction between we:

(2) polymer monomer judgment
1 polyethylene
The chain for two carbon atoms, as the monomer vinyl type, such as:

2 butadiene tackles
The chain is four carbon atoms, and between two carbon atoms have C = C, it should find tackles, such as: monomer butadiene

3 mixed
(1) when the chain has four carbon atoms, and C, C C = C between, shall be deemed to contain two vinyl monomers, such as type:
(ii) when the chain, first look longer without C = C, if have, and C = C in the left side, right, each C atoms tackles as butadiene type, the C atomic every two as a vinyl structure. Such as:

Sixth, the lowest series principle
So-called minimum principle is: to advocate series from which side chain Numbers, to a minimum, chain for the principle, if have multiple chain, from different endpoints Numbers, then a number by a comparison of the differences, first appeared in the number of small, a number that Numbers method Numbers.
[example] the name of the organic matter, is correct

A. 2,3,3,8,8 - five methyl nonane
B. 2,2,7,7,8 - five methyl nonane
Cristiano 2,3,3,5,5 - five methyl
D. 2,2,4,4,5 - five methyl

Analysis: according to the fault solution has abandoned the organic named "chain should follow the principle of minimum sum of serial number, and choose A mistake. Do not pay attention to four "CH2 group" of existence, and miss choose C or D.
Solution: firstly, the determination of the main chain chain have nine rather than five carbon atoms, C, D do not choose. Then, if the Numbers from left to right, are chain Numbers for: 2,3,3,8,8, If from right to left, is a chain Numbers for: 2,2,7,7,8. Above two Numbers will be compared, the first by bit identical, the second is different. According to the principle of minimum series, the latter is correct, and that the name is listed in organic 2,2,7,7,8: five methyl nonane.
Answer: B
For now, China organic named executive is released in 1980, for the new principle with international naming, from the former Soviet union, abandoned by the 1960, the principle of the old "serial number of minimum principle", "the lowest series" principle. Two methods, the number of minimum principles through the calculation to determine the direction of the starting point and Numbers, observing the principle of minimum series can be determined by the starting point and Numbers, apparently more directly, the latter is more simple.

Seven, with heterogeneous phenomenon and oil
With heterogeneous form and writing order
Carbon frame position of heterogeneous functional groups of heterogeneous type heterogeneous
Oil of writing teaching
Pick, hang from the middle, Move toward the edge; less, After the first methyl ethyl;, After the first centralized, scattered, Transform, not with.