因式分解 5x2 - 2x - 16
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(1) 6x4y2-12x3y+27x2y3 =3x2y·2x2y-3x2y·4x+3x2y·9y2=3x2y(2x2y-4x+9y2) (2)-x4y+x3y2-x2y3=-(x4y-x3y2+x2y3) =-(x2y·x2-x2y·xy+x2y·y2) =-x2y(x2-xy+y2) (3)xn+3xn-1+xn-2=xn-2·x2+xn-2·3x+xn-2·1 =xn-2(x2+3x+1) (4)5(x-y)3+10(y-x)2=5(x-y)3+10(x-y)2 =5(x-y)2(x-y+2) (5)m(5ax+ay-1)-m(3ax-ay-1) =m[(5ax+ay-1)-(3ax-ay-1)] =m·(5ax+ay-1-3ax+ay+1) =m(2ax+2ay)=2ma(x+y) (6)x2+14x+49=x2+2·x·7+72 =(x+7)2 (7)(m+n)2-6(m+n)+9=(m+n-3)2 (8)-3ax2+6axy-3ay2=-3a(x2-2xy+y2) =-3a(x-y)2 (9)(x2+4)2+8x(x2+4)+16x2 =(x2+4)2+2·(x2+4)·4x+(4x)2 =(x2+4+4x)2 =(x+2)4 (10)64m2n2-(m2+16n2)2 =(8mn)2-(m2+16n2)2 =(8mn+m2+16n2)(8mn-m2-16n2) =(m+4n)2[-(m-4n)2] =-(m+4n)2(m-4n)2 因式分解练习题 一、填空题: 2.(a-3)(3-2a)=_______(3-a)(3-2a); 12.若m2-3m+2=(m+a)(m+b),则a=______,b=______; 15.当m=______时,x2+2(m-3)x+25是完全平方式.二、选择题: 1.下列各式的因式分解结果中,正确的是 [ ] A.a2b+7ab-b=b(a2+7a) B.3x2y-3xy-6y=3y(x-2)(x+1) C.8xyz-6x2y2=2xyz(4-3xy) D.-2a2+4ab-6ac=-2a(a+2b-3c) 2.多项式m(n-2)-m2(2-n)分解因式等于 [ ] A.(n-2)(m+m2) B.(n-2)(m-m2) C.m(n-2)(m+1) D.m(n-2)(m-1) 3.在下列等式中,属于因式分解的是 [ ] A.a(x-y)+b(m+n)=ax+bm-ay+bn B.a2-2ab+b2+1=(a-b)2+1 C.-4a2+9b2=(-2a+3b)(2a+3b) D.x2-7x-8=x(x-7)-8 4.下列各式中,能用平方差公式分解因式的是 [ ] A.a2+b2 B.-a2+b2 C.-a2-b2 D.-(-a2)+b2 5.若9x2+mxy+16y2是一个完全平方式,那么m的值是 [ ] A.-12 B.±24 C.12 D.±12 6.把多项式an+4-an+1分解得 [ ] A.an(a4-a) B.an-1(a3-1) C.an+1(a-1)(a2-a+1) D.an+1(a-1)(a2+a+1) 7.若a2+a=-1,则a4+2a3-3a2-4a+3的值为 [ ] A.8 B.7 C.10 D.12 8.已知x2+y2+2x-6y+10=0,那么x,y的值分别为 [ ] A.x=1,y=3 B.x=1,y=-3 C.x=-1,y=3 D.x=1,y=-3 9.把(m2+3m)4-8(m2+3m)2+16分解因式得 [ ] A.(m+1)4(m+2)2 B.(m-1)2(m-2)2(m2+3m-2) C.(m+4)2(m-1)2 D.(m+1)2(m+2)2(m2+3m-2)2 10.把x2-7x-60分解因式,得 [ ] A.(x-10)(x+6) B.(x+5)(x-12) C.(x+3)(x-20) D.(x-5)(x+12) 11.把3x2-2xy-8y2分解因式,得 [ ] A.(3x+4)(x-2) B.(3x-4)(x+2) C.(3x+4y)(x-2y) D.(3x-4y)(x+2y) 12.把a2+8ab-33b2分解因式,得 [ ] A.(a+11)(a-3) B.(a-11b)(a-3b) C.(a+11b)(a-3b) D.(a-11b)(a+3b) 13.把x4-3x2+2分解因式,得 [ ] A.(x2-2)(x2-1) B.(x2-2)(x+1)(x-1) C.(x2+2)(x2+1) D.(x2+2)(x+1)(x-1) 14.多项式x2-ax-bx+ab可分解因式为 [ ] A.-(x+a)(x+b) B.(x-a)(x+b) C.(x-a)(x-b) D.(x+a)(x+b) 15.一个关于x的二次三项式,其x2项的系数是1,常数项是-12,且能分解因式,这样的二次三项式是 [ ] A.x2-11x-12或x2+11x-12 B.x2-x-12或x2+x-12 C.x2-4x-12或x2+4x-12 D.以上都可以 16.下列各式x3-x2-x+1,x2+y-xy-x,x2-2x-y2+1,(x2+3x)2-(2x+1)2中,不含有(x-1)因式的有 [ ] A.1个 B.2个 C.3个 D.4个 17.把9-x2+12xy-36y2分解因式为 [ ] A.(x-6y+3)(x-6x-3) B.-(x-6y+3)(x-6y-3) C.-(x-6y+3)(x+6y-3) D.-(x-6y+3)(x-6y+3) 18.下列因式分解错误的是 [ ] A.a2-bc+ac-ab=(a-b)(a+c) B.ab-5a+3b-15=(b-5)(a+3) C.x2+3xy-2x-6y=(x+3y)(x-2) D.x2-6xy-1+9y2=(x+3y+1)(x+3y-1) 19.已知a2x2±2x+b2是完全平方式,且a,b都不为零,则a与b的关系为 [ ] A.互为倒数或互为负倒数 B.互为相反数 C.相等的数 D.任意有理数 20.对x4+4进行因式分解,所得的正确结论是 [ ] A.不能分解因式 B.有因式x2+2x+2 C.(xy+2)(xy-8) D.(xy-2)(xy-8) 21.把a4+2a2b2+b4-a2b2分解因式为 [ ] A.(a2+b2+ab)2 B.(a2+b2+ab)(a2+b2-ab) C.(a2-b2+ab)(a2-b2-ab) D.(a2+b2-ab)2 22.-(3x-1)(x+2y)是下列哪个多项式的分解结果 [ ] A.3x2+6xy-x-2y B.3x2-6xy+x-2y C.x+2y+3x2+6xy D.x+2y-3x2-6xy 23.64a8-b2因式分解为 [ ] A.(64a4-b)(a4+b) B.(16a2-b)(4a2+b) C.(8a4-b)(8a4+b) D.(8a2-b)(8a4+b) 24.9(x-y)2+12(x2-y2)+4(x+y)2因式分解为 [ ] A.(5x-y)2 B.(5x+y)2 C.(3x-2y)(3x+2y) D.(5x-2y)2 25.(2y-3x)2-2(3x-2y)+1因式分解为 [ ] A.(3x-2y-1)2 B.(3x+2y+1)2 C.(3x-2y+1)2 D.(2y-3x-1)2 26.把(a+b)2-4(a2-b2)+4(a-b)2分解因式为 [ ] A.(3a-b)2 B.(3b+a)2 C.(3b-a)2 D.(3a+b)2 27.把a2(b+c)2-2ab(a-c)(b+c)+b2(a-c)2分解因式为 [ ] A.c(a+b)2 B.c(a-b)2 C.c2(a+b)2 D.c2(a-b) 28.若4xy-4x2-y2-k有一个因式为(1-2x+y),则k的值为 [ ] A.0 B.1 C.-1 D.4 29.分解因式3a2x-4b2y-3b2x+4a2y,正确的是 [ ] A.-(a2+b2)(3x+4y) B.(a-b)(a+b)(3x+4y) C.(a2+b2)(3x-4y) D.(a-b)(a+b)(3x-4y) 30.分解因式2a2+4ab+2b2-8c2,正确的是 [ ] A.2(a+b-2c) B.2(a+b+c)(a+b-c) C.(2a+b+4c)(2a+b-4c) D.2(a+b+2c)(a+b-2c) 三、因式分解: 1.m2(p-q)-p+q; 2.a(ab+bc+ac)-abc; 3.x4-2y4-2x3y+xy3; 4.abc(a2+b2+c2)-a3bc+2ab2c2; 5.a2(b-c)+b2(c-a)+c2(a-b); 6.(x2-2x)2+2x(x-2)+1; 7.(x-y)2+12(y-x)z+36z2; 8.x2-4ax+8ab-4b2; 9.(ax+by)2+(ay-bx)2+2(ax+by)(ay-bx); 10.(1-a2)(1-b2)-(a2-1)2(b2-1)2; 11.(x+1)2-9(x-1)2; 12.4a2b2-(a2+b2-c2)2; 13.ab2-ac2+4ac-4a; 14.x3n+y3n; 15.(x+y)3+125; 16.(3m-2n)3+(3m+2n)3; 17.x6(x2-y2)+y6(y2-x2); 18.8(x+y)3+1; 19.(a+b+c)3-a3-b3-c3; 20.x2+4xy+3y2; 21.x2+18x-144; 22.x4+2x2-8; 23.-m4+18m2-17; 24.x5-2x3-8x; 25.x8+19x5-216x2; 26.(x2-7x)2+10(x2-7x)-24; 27.5+7(a+1)-6(a+1)2; 28.(x2+x)(x2+x-1)-2; 29.x2+y2-x2y2-4xy-1; 30.(x-1)(x-2)(x-3)(x-4)-48; 31.x2-y2-x-y; 32.ax2-bx2-bx+ax-3a+3b; 33.m4+m2+1; 34.a2-b2+2ac+c2; 35.a3-ab2+a-b; 36.625b4-(a-b)4; 37.x6-y6+3x2y4-3x4y2; 38.x2+4xy+4y2-2x-4y-35; 39.m2-a2+4ab-4b2; 40.5m-5n-m2+2mn-n2.四、证明(求值): 1.已知a+b=0,求a3-2b3+a2b-2ab2的值. 2.求证:四个连续自然数的积再加上1,一定是一个完全平方数. 3.证明:(ac-bd)2+(bc+ad)2=(a2+b2)(c2+d2). 4.已知a=k+3,b=2k+2,c=3k-1,求a2+b2+c2+2ab-2bc-2ac的值. 5.若x2+mx+n=(x-3)(x+4),求(m+n)2的值. 6.当a为何值时,多项式x2+7xy+ay2-5x+43y-24可以分解为两个一次因式的乘积. 7.若x,y为任意有理数,比较6xy与x2+9y2的大小. 8.两个连续偶数的平方差是4的倍数.参考答案: 一、填空题: 7.9,(3a-1) 10.x-5y,x-5y,x-5y,2a-b 11.+5,-2 12.-1,-2(或-2,-1) 14.bc+ac,a+b,a-c 15.8或-2 二、选择题: 1.B 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.B 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.D 10.B 11.C 12.C 13.B 14.C 15.D 16.B 17.B 18.D 19.A 20.B 21.B 22.D 23.C 24.A 25.A 26.C 27.C 28.C 29.D 30.D 三、因式分解: 1.(p-q)(m-1)(m+1). 8.(x-2b)(x-4a+2b). 11.4(2x-1)(2-x). 20.(x+3y)(x+y). 21.(x-6)(x+24). 27.(3+2a)(2-3a). 31.(x+y)(x-y-1). 38.(x+2y-7)(x+2y+5).四、证明(求值): 2.提示:设四个连续自然数为n,n+1,n+2,n+3 6.提示:a=-18. ∴a=-18.
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