英语语法从句引导词that和where
that和where在从句的引导中，担当什么角色，它们相关的英语元有?下面是我给大家整理的英语语法从句引导词that和where，供大家参阅!
英语语法：名词从句whether与that引导词的区别
whether与that均可引导名词从句，该如何区别呢?
__________ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. When
此题应选 B。容易误选A，C。
1. 关于if与whether：两者都可引导宾语从句，常可换用; 但若引导主语从句，则用whether (不用if)，排除A。又如。如：
他是否会来还是个问题。
误：If he will come is a question.
正：Whether he will come is a question.
2. 关于whether和that：两者都可引导主语从句，其区别主要应从句意来考虑：whether表示“是否”，由它引导的主语从句的意思通常是不确定的;that 引导主语从句时，本身没有词义(that在其他名词性从句中也没有词义)，但是由that引导的整个主语从句的意思通常是确定的。试比较：
1. a. That we’ll hold a meeting is decided. 我们要召开一次会议，这已决定了。
b. Whether we’ll hold a meeting is not decided. 我们是否要开一个会，这还没有决定。
2. a. That he has left here is clear. 他已离开了这儿，这点很清楚。
b. Whether he has left here is not clear. 他是 否已离开这儿，这还不清楚。
3. a. That he can finish it in two hours is clear. 他能在两小时内完成它，这是显然的。
b. Whether he can finish it in two hours is a question. 他能否在两小时内完成它还是问题。
英语语法：Where引导的从句
一、Where引导定语从句—形容词性从句
当where 引导定语从句时，Where前有表示地点的先行词，where 引导的从句修饰先行词，Where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语。例如：
1.He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane .(2001年上海)
评析：situation 是先行词，其后是Where引导的定语从句。
2.This is the place where Luxun once lived .
评析： the place 是先行词，其后是 where引导的定语从句 ，where 在从句中作地点状语。
二、Where引导状语从句—副词性从句
当Where引导状语从句时，Where前没有表示地点的先行词，Where是从属连词，Where引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词。例如：
3.The famous scientist grew up where he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.(2002年春季高考上海)
评析：句中“the famous scientist grew up "这一部分是该句的主句，Where到句子最后是地点状语从句，where前没有表示地点的先行词.
4.She found her passport where she lost it .
评析："passport"是主句 found 后的宾语，它并不是从句中lost的地点，因此 where 引导的是地点状语从句，从属连词where引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词 found 。
三、where 引导宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句———名词性从句
where引导的名词性从句，意思接近the place where ,可译为：“……的地方”,where是疑问副词。例如：
5. This is where Luxun once lived. (where 引导表语从句)
评析：此句与第2句意思一样，即：这是鲁迅曾经住的地方。但语法功能不一样，第2句中，where 前有先行词 the place， the place在主句中作表语，而第5句中，where 引导的表语从句前没有名词，从语法功能看，where 引导从句的位置是表语位置，where 在表语从句中作地点状语。
6.I don't know where Luxun once lived .(where 引导宾语从句)
评析：此句where 引导的是动词know的宾语从句。Where引导的从句
7.She was free to go to where she liked and do what she liked . (where 引导宾语从句)
评析：此句中，where 引导的从句作介词的宾语，意思接近 the place where。
8.We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. (where 引导同位语从句)
评析：本句中疑问副词where 引导的从句，与其前面的名词the question 是同位关系，the question 的具体内容就是where 引导的从句，因此，where 引导的是同位语从句。
9.Where Mary was born is Beijing . 来自 www.yingyuyufa.com (where 引导主语从句)
评析：本句中疑问副词where 引导的从句，放在主句主语的位置，因此这里where 引导的从句是主语从句。译：玛利出身的地方是北京。
巩固练习：翻译下列句子。
1.有志者事竟成。(Where引导状语从句)
2.那是我父亲工作的大楼。(Where引导定语从句)
3.司机问我想上哪儿去。(where 引导宾语从句)
4.书在你原来放的地方。(where 引导表语从句)
5.她回到她妈妈坐的地方。((where 引导介词 to 的宾语从句))
6.请呆在原处。(Where引导状语从句)
Keys:
1.Where there is a will, there is a way.
2.That is the building where my father worked.
3.The driver asked me where I wanted to go.
4.The book is where you left it.
5.She came back to where her mother was sitting.
6.Please stay where you are.
英语语法：定语从句中的that和which
很多同学可能都会觉得在使用定语从句的时候，有时不知该选择that还是which作为引导词。其实只要记得以下几点，并多做练习，在具体的句子中加以理解，一切问题就可以迎刃而解了。
首先，that和which在从句里都可以做宾语和主语，做宾语时可以省略。在定语从句中,有种说法叫"关宾省",意思是关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语可以省略,不管是that，which，还是whom。但是which能引导非限制性定语从句，that则不行。
其次，记得以下只能用that的几种情况：
1. 当先行词为all, much, little, none及由any, every, some, no所构成的复合不定代词时。
如：We should do all that is useful to the people. 我们应该做一切有益于人民的事情。
Please tell me anything that you know about the matter. 有关此事，凡是你所知道的请告诉我。
2. 当先行词被any, few, little, no, all, much, some等词修饰时。
如：You can take any seat that is free. 任何空着的座位你都可以坐。
There is little work that is fit for you. 几乎没有适合你的工作。
3. 当先行词为序数词或被序数词所修饰时。
如：When people talk about the cities of China, the first that comes to my mind is Beijing. 人们谈论起中国的城市的时候，我首先 想到的是北京。
This is the fourth film that has been shown in our school this term. 这是我们校本学期放映的第四部电影。
4. 当先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
如：The best that I could do was to apologize. 我唯一能做的就是赔礼道歉了。
This is the most interesting story book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的一本最有趣的故事书。
5. 当先行词被the very, the only, the last, the just, the same等修饰时。
如： This is the very book that I'm looking for. 这正是我在找的书。
The only thing that we could do was to wait. 我们唯一能做的事就是等待。
注意：先行词被the same修饰时，关系代词也可用as。
如：I need the same book that / as you have. 我需要有你一样的书。
6. 当先行词既包含人又包含物时。
如： They are talking of the heroines and their deeds that interest them. 他们正在谈论他们感兴趣的女英雄及她们的事迹。
7. 当先行词是疑问代词who，which，what或主句以这些词开头时。
如：Who that has ever worked together with him doesn't admire him? 曾经和他一起工作过的谁不钦佩他?
Which is the star that is nearer to the earth? 哪个是离地球比较近的星星?
8. 当先行词为主句表语或关系代词为从句表语时。
如：That's a good book that will help you a lot. 那是本对你很有帮助的书。
Our school is no longer the place that it used to be. 我们的学校现在已不是过去的那个样子了。
9. 先行词为time时，当time表示次数，引导词用that, 可省略。 当表示时间，可用that或when引导，都可省略。
如：I do remember the first time(that) I had ever heard the sweetest voice in the world.我很清楚地记得当我第一次听到世界上最美的声音的时候。
I did't remember the exact time (when/that) I arrived in Shanghai last month. 我不记得上个月到达上海的确切时间了。
最后，请注意以下几种只能使用which的情况:
1. 在“介词+关系代词”结构中，关系代词必须用which。
如： The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。
This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking. 这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。
注意： 如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首， which就可换为that， 例如： This is the question which/that we've had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we've had so much discussion. 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。
2. 先行词为“those+表事物的复数名词”时， 关系代词通常只用which而不用that。
如：you should grasp well those skills which may be used in the future work.
最后，记得这个特殊情况吧：当先行词是表示原因或方式的名词时，可以用that引导定语从句，相当于介词+which，that可以省略。
如： She likes the child for the very reason that (=for which) she loves his father. 她喜欢那个孩子因为她爱着孩子的父亲。
He didn't like the way that (=in which) she speaks to his mother. 他不喜欢她对他的母亲那样说话。
Imagine the speed that (=at which) he drives the car. 很难想象，他开车开得那么快。
The reason (that /for which /why) he came here was to ask for our help.他来这里的原因是寻求我们的帮助。
