小学六年级英语上册的重点是啥？
各位大哥大姐帮个忙，最好把每个单元的重点写出来。是人民教育出版社的。如果你们厉害最好出点重点题。特别是连词成句和给正确形式填空的题目（别的也信）。小弟我现在这O(∩_∩)...
各位大哥大姐帮个忙，最好把每个单元的重点写出来。是人民教育出版社的。如果你们厉害最好出点重点题。特别是连词成句和给正确形式填空的题目（别的也信）。小弟我现在这O(∩_∩)O谢谢啦！！！
顺便再问问，怎么分辨一个句子是什么时态的。 展开
顺便再问问，怎么分辨一个句子是什么时态的。 展开
展开全部
一、单词
1. carefully 仔细地，认真地2. ask 问，询问3.question 问题
4 actively 积极地，活泼地5， make 做，制作6.noise 声音，噪音
7. eat 吃 8. should 应该 9. go 去，走 10. early 早
11.mess脏乱，杂乱 12. good 好的 13. room 房间
14.keep 保持 15。 clean 干净的 16. set 摆，放 17. home 家
18. too也，又，过于 19.. late 晚，迟 20. look看
21. must 必须 22. wait 等待23. respect 尊敬
24 and 和，并且 25. them 他（她、它）们 （宾格）
27.. young 年轻的，幼小的 28. children 孩子们
30..grass 草，草坪31.cross 横穿 32. now 现在 33. spit 吐痰
34. ground 地（面），地上 35. litter乱丢杂物 36.everyone每一个人
37. well 好地 38. never从不 39.. sometimes 有时候
40 for 为了（介词）41. classmate 同班同学 42. hospital 医院
二、词组
1. home/class rule 家/班规
2. a good student 一个好学生
3. be quiet安静/ pick the flowers .摘花
4. obey the rules 遵守规则
5. come to school early 很早来学校
6. make noise 制造噪音
7. in class 在课上
8. a group leader 一个组长
9. a list of rules for the class/ a list of class rules 一个班规表
10.keep your desk clean 保持你的书桌干净
11. make a mess 乱扔乱放东西 12. go home too late 回家太晚
13. help to set the table帮助摆餐桌
14. respect old people and help them 尊敬老人并帮助他们
15. like to help to set the table喜欢帮助摆餐桌
16. the whole evening全晚，整晚
17.watch TV till late 看电视直到好晚 18. read in bed 躺着看书
19. wait for the green light 等绿灯
20. go on the social studies field trip 进行社会实践田野考察
21.in front of the hospital 在医院前
22. want to tell people 想告诉人们
23 a busy street 一条繁忙的大街 24. hold up 举起
25. a beautiful park 一个漂亮的公园 26. point to 指着。。。。。。
27. feel hungry 感觉饿
28. keep off the grass 不进入草坪
29. take good care of young children 照顾好小孩
30. play on the street 在街上玩
31. spit on the ground 随地吐痰
32. tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事 33. throw the banana skin 扔香蕉皮
34 make a mess乱扔乱放东西
35. go home 回家
36. keep off 不进入
三、填空
1.What are his classmates doing now?（do）
2.She dances （dance）in class.
3.He is making (make) a dress for me.
4..She usually speaks and makes noise in class.
5. Are you often late for class?
6.Amy is a friend of hers .(her)
四、改错：
1）Ms Li is good teacher.
Ms Li is a good teacher.
2)He often makes mess in his room.
He often makes a mess in his room.
3)He don’t like to help to set the table.
He doesn’t like to help to set the table.
4)Tom very late go to bed.
Tom goes to bed very late.
一）人称代词
一、概念
人称代词是表示我、你、他/她/它、我们、你们和（他/她/它）们的词。人称代词有人称、格和数的变化.
二、人称代词的用法
1．一般情况下，人称代词的主格作主语，放在句子的开头。
I am a teacher. 我是一名教师。（I是主语）
You are 11 years old. 你11岁了。（You 是主语）
He is my friend. 他是我的朋友。（He是主语）
It is hot today. 今天天气热。（It是主语）
2．宾格作宾语，通常放在动词，如：let, like, help,give,ask等的后面；或介词，如：for, to, of,at等的后面。
Can you help me？你能帮我吗？（me是宾语）
The cake is for you. 这个蛋糕是给你的。（you是宾语）
3．作表语（用主格，口语中常用宾格）
Who is that？It's me（I）. 是谁啊？是我。
三、注意
1．人称代词I无论放在句首、句中或句尾，都要大写。
2．人称代词she除了指女性“她”之外，还可以指祖国、月亮等拟人的东西。
如：I love my country. She is great.
The moon is in the sky. She is round and bright.
四、It的特殊用法
1．一般情况下，it表示人以外的动物和东西，是单数名词的代词，译为“它”。
Where is your car？It is over there. 你的小汽车在哪儿？（它）在那边。
2．但在表示天气、时间、距离等时，用it来代替，此时的it，并不译为“它”。
1）指天气:It is sunny today.
今天阳光灿烂。
2）指气候:It's cold in this room.
这个房间很冷。
3）指时间:What time is it？It's six thirty.
几点了？六点半了。
4）指距离:How far is it from here to the park？
从这儿到公园有多远？It's about two miles.
大约是二英里。
五、人称的习惯顺序：
如果有几个不同的人称同时作主语，且用and，or连接时，习惯顺序是：单数：you，he，and I
复数：we，you，and they
但是，如果是做错事，承担责任时，有时，说话的人把I放在第一位。
Who broke the window？谁打碎了玻璃？I and Li Ming.我和李明.
（二）物主代词
表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，物主代词也有人称和数的变化。
通过观察上表，我们发现，除了my的名词性物主代词是mine, his和its的名词性和形容词性相同外，其他的名词性物主代词都是在对应的形容词性物主代词后面加“s”变成的。形容词性物主代词用来修饰名词，表示是属于谁的东西。名词性物主代词等于对应的形容词性物主代词加一个名词。如：
This is her book. = This book is hers.
Are these your pens? = Are these pens yours?
（三）替代词
替代词用来替代前面已经提到过的人或事物，来避免重复这一名词。最典型的替代词有one和ones。one用来替代表示单数的人或事，ones用来替代表示复数的人或事物。
如：There is a post office near my home. There is one near our school, too.(one = post office)
另外,第三人称单数后的动词+S, BE+动词ING
第三人称单数指HE,SHE,IT
选择
1.would you like______some water?
a.drink b.drinking c.to drink
2.let us _____baseball on the playground.
A. to play b. play c.playing
3.are you ready for _____meeting.
a. tomorrow b.tomorrow" s c.tomorrows"
4.Tom is drinking a cup of coffee_______sugar.
a. in b. with c. on
5. will you please pass me a cup of tea?
_________________________________
a. thank you b. certainly c. here you are
6.we will have a P.E. class ______Friday.
A .in b. with c. on
7.they will have a debate ______class four next Monday .
a. to b. for c.with
8.mary is waiting ______his mum at the shop gate.
a. to b. for c. at
9.my home is not very far ______school.
a. from b. away c. for
10.there is something wrong _______my new watch.
a. to b. in c. with
按要求完成句子。
1. 1.we plant some trees on the hill .(变否定句)
——————————————————————
2．Will you have a picnic next week.(写出肯定回答)
——————————————————————
3.must we go home now?(写出否定回答)
——————————————————————
4.we visited the museum last Saturday.(变否定句)
_____________________________________________
5.there are 12 girls in our class.(对划线部分提问)
——————————————————————
答案：1.would you like___c___some water? a.drink b.drinking c.to drink 2.let us _b____baseball on the playground. A. to play b. play c.playing3.are you ready for __b___meeting. a. tomorrow b.tomorrow" s c.tomorrows"4.Tom is drinking a cup of coffee___b____sugar.a. in b. with c. on 5. will you please pass me a cup of tea?______________________c___________ a. thank you b. certainly c. here you are6.we will have a P.E. class __c____Friday.A .in b. with c. on 7.they will have a debate ___c___class four next Monday .a. to b. for c.with 8.mary is waiting ___b___his mum at the shop gate.a. to b. for c. at9.my home is not very far ___a___school.a. from b. away c. for10.there is something wrong __c_____my new watch.a. to b. in c. with . 1.we plant some trees on the hill .(变否定句) We don't plant any trees on the hill. 2．Will you have a picnic next week.(写出肯定回答) Yes, we will.3.must we go home now?(写出否定回答) No, you needn't.4.we visited the museum last Saturday.(变否定句) We didn't visit the museum last Saturday.5.there are 12 girls in our class.(对划线部分提问)How many girls are there in your class?
英语语法中的时态（tense）是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。
是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。
英语时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时
下面就英语中常见的十种基本时态进行阐述，其它的时态都是在这十种时态的基础上结合而成的。
一、 一般现在时
1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2.时间状语： Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
3.基本结构：动词 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式）
4.否定形式：主语+am/is/are +not+其他; 此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't, 如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。
6.例句：. It seldom snows here.
He is always ready to help others.
Action speaks louder than words..
二、 一般过去时
1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词 的过去式
4.否定形式：主语+was/were +not+其他;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。
6.例句：She often came to help us in those days.
I didn't know you were so busy.
]三、 现在进行时
1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语：Now, at this time, days, etc. look. listen
3.基本结构：主语+be +doing +其他
4.否定形式：主语+be +not +doing+其他
5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。
6.例句： How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.
四、 过去进行时
1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构 主语+was/were +doing +其他
4.否定形式：主语+was/were + not +doing+其他
5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写）
6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
五、 现在完成时
1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语：yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点，for+时间段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.
3.基本结构：主语+have/has +p.p（过去分词）+其他
4.否定形式：主语+have/has + not +p.p（过去分词）+其他
5.一般疑问句：have或has。
6.例句：I've written an article.
The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.
六、 过去完成时
1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语：Before, by the end of last year (term, month…), etc.
3.基本结构：主语+had + p.p（过去分词）+其他
4.否定形式：主语+had + not +p.p（过去分词）+其他
5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。
6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books
基本结构：主语+had+p.p（过去分词）+其他
①肯定句：主语+ had+p.p（过去分词）+其他
②否定句：主语+ had+ not+p.p（过去分词）+其他
③一般疑问句：Had+主语+p.p（过去分词）+其他
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
七、 一般将来时
1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语：Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本结构：主语+am/is/are +going to + do+其他；主语+will/shall + do+其他
4.否定形式：主语+am/is/are not going to do ；主语+will/shall not do+其他
5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。
6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.
It is going to rain.
八、 过去将来时
1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语：The next day (morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本结构：主语+was/were +going to + do+其他；主语+would/should + do+其他
4.否定形式：主语+was/were/not + going to + do; 主语+would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。
6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.
I asked who was going there .
九、将来完成时
1.概念：在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态
2.时间状语：by the time of; by the end of+时间短语（将来）;by the time+从句（将来）
3.基本结构：主语+be going to/will/shall + have+p.p（过去分词）+其他
4例句:By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.
十、现在完成进行时
1.概念：表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始，也可能仍在继续，并可能延续到将来。
2.基本结构：主语+have/has +been +doing+其他
3.时间状语：since+时间点，for+时间段等。
4.例子：I have been sitting here for an hour.
The chilrdren have been watching TV since six o'clock.
十一、 一般过去时与现在完成时的转换
在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用别的表达方式：①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中；②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中，表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思，主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看：
A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
十二、 一般现在时与现在进行时的转换
在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看：
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
十三、 现在进行时与一般将来时的转换
在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来，妈妈！”请看：
The train is leaving soon.
The train will leave soon.
互相转换
英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换，以下是几种常见的转换形式：
一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换
在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用别的表达方式：①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中；②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中，表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思，主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看：
A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换
在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看：
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换
在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来，妈妈！”请看：
The train is leaving soon.
The train will leave soon.
四、“be going to+动词原形”与“will(shall)+动词原形”结构的转换
“be going to+动词原形”、表示打算、计划要做的事；将来时“will(shall)+动词原形”结构在书面语中，当主语为第一人称时，常用助动词shall。在口语中，所有人称都可以用will。请看：
We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
[编辑本段]十六种时态
所谓“时”就是行为发生的时段或状态存在的时段，即：现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种；所谓“态”就是行为或状态发生时说呈现的状态，有一般状态、进行状态、完成状态或完成进行状态四种。由时和态结合，便形成下列十六种时态：
一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，一般过去将来时；
现在进行时，过去进行时，将来进行时，过去将来进行时；
现在完成时，过去完成时，将来完成时，过去将来完成时；
现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时，将来完成进行时，过去将来完成进行时．
1. carefully 仔细地，认真地2. ask 问，询问3.question 问题
4 actively 积极地，活泼地5， make 做，制作6.noise 声音，噪音
7. eat 吃 8. should 应该 9. go 去，走 10. early 早
11.mess脏乱，杂乱 12. good 好的 13. room 房间
14.keep 保持 15。 clean 干净的 16. set 摆，放 17. home 家
18. too也，又，过于 19.. late 晚，迟 20. look看
21. must 必须 22. wait 等待23. respect 尊敬
24 and 和，并且 25. them 他（她、它）们 （宾格）
27.. young 年轻的，幼小的 28. children 孩子们
30..grass 草，草坪31.cross 横穿 32. now 现在 33. spit 吐痰
34. ground 地（面），地上 35. litter乱丢杂物 36.everyone每一个人
37. well 好地 38. never从不 39.. sometimes 有时候
40 for 为了（介词）41. classmate 同班同学 42. hospital 医院
二、词组
1. home/class rule 家/班规
2. a good student 一个好学生
3. be quiet安静/ pick the flowers .摘花
4. obey the rules 遵守规则
5. come to school early 很早来学校
6. make noise 制造噪音
7. in class 在课上
8. a group leader 一个组长
9. a list of rules for the class/ a list of class rules 一个班规表
10.keep your desk clean 保持你的书桌干净
11. make a mess 乱扔乱放东西 12. go home too late 回家太晚
13. help to set the table帮助摆餐桌
14. respect old people and help them 尊敬老人并帮助他们
15. like to help to set the table喜欢帮助摆餐桌
16. the whole evening全晚，整晚
17.watch TV till late 看电视直到好晚 18. read in bed 躺着看书
19. wait for the green light 等绿灯
20. go on the social studies field trip 进行社会实践田野考察
21.in front of the hospital 在医院前
22. want to tell people 想告诉人们
23 a busy street 一条繁忙的大街 24. hold up 举起
25. a beautiful park 一个漂亮的公园 26. point to 指着。。。。。。
27. feel hungry 感觉饿
28. keep off the grass 不进入草坪
29. take good care of young children 照顾好小孩
30. play on the street 在街上玩
31. spit on the ground 随地吐痰
32. tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事 33. throw the banana skin 扔香蕉皮
34 make a mess乱扔乱放东西
35. go home 回家
36. keep off 不进入
三、填空
1.What are his classmates doing now?（do）
2.She dances （dance）in class.
3.He is making (make) a dress for me.
4..She usually speaks and makes noise in class.
5. Are you often late for class?
6.Amy is a friend of hers .(her)
四、改错：
1）Ms Li is good teacher.
Ms Li is a good teacher.
2)He often makes mess in his room.
He often makes a mess in his room.
3)He don’t like to help to set the table.
He doesn’t like to help to set the table.
4)Tom very late go to bed.
Tom goes to bed very late.
一）人称代词
一、概念
人称代词是表示我、你、他/她/它、我们、你们和（他/她/它）们的词。人称代词有人称、格和数的变化.
二、人称代词的用法
1．一般情况下，人称代词的主格作主语，放在句子的开头。
I am a teacher. 我是一名教师。（I是主语）
You are 11 years old. 你11岁了。（You 是主语）
He is my friend. 他是我的朋友。（He是主语）
It is hot today. 今天天气热。（It是主语）
2．宾格作宾语，通常放在动词，如：let, like, help,give,ask等的后面；或介词，如：for, to, of,at等的后面。
Can you help me？你能帮我吗？（me是宾语）
The cake is for you. 这个蛋糕是给你的。（you是宾语）
3．作表语（用主格，口语中常用宾格）
Who is that？It's me（I）. 是谁啊？是我。
三、注意
1．人称代词I无论放在句首、句中或句尾，都要大写。
2．人称代词she除了指女性“她”之外，还可以指祖国、月亮等拟人的东西。
如：I love my country. She is great.
The moon is in the sky. She is round and bright.
四、It的特殊用法
1．一般情况下，it表示人以外的动物和东西，是单数名词的代词，译为“它”。
Where is your car？It is over there. 你的小汽车在哪儿？（它）在那边。
2．但在表示天气、时间、距离等时，用it来代替，此时的it，并不译为“它”。
1）指天气:It is sunny today.
今天阳光灿烂。
2）指气候:It's cold in this room.
这个房间很冷。
3）指时间:What time is it？It's six thirty.
几点了？六点半了。
4）指距离:How far is it from here to the park？
从这儿到公园有多远？It's about two miles.
大约是二英里。
五、人称的习惯顺序：
如果有几个不同的人称同时作主语，且用and，or连接时，习惯顺序是：单数：you，he，and I
复数：we，you，and they
但是，如果是做错事，承担责任时，有时，说话的人把I放在第一位。
Who broke the window？谁打碎了玻璃？I and Li Ming.我和李明.
（二）物主代词
表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，物主代词也有人称和数的变化。
通过观察上表，我们发现，除了my的名词性物主代词是mine, his和its的名词性和形容词性相同外，其他的名词性物主代词都是在对应的形容词性物主代词后面加“s”变成的。形容词性物主代词用来修饰名词，表示是属于谁的东西。名词性物主代词等于对应的形容词性物主代词加一个名词。如：
This is her book. = This book is hers.
Are these your pens? = Are these pens yours?
（三）替代词
替代词用来替代前面已经提到过的人或事物，来避免重复这一名词。最典型的替代词有one和ones。one用来替代表示单数的人或事，ones用来替代表示复数的人或事物。
如：There is a post office near my home. There is one near our school, too.(one = post office)
另外,第三人称单数后的动词+S, BE+动词ING
第三人称单数指HE,SHE,IT
选择
1.would you like______some water?
a.drink b.drinking c.to drink
2.let us _____baseball on the playground.
A. to play b. play c.playing
3.are you ready for _____meeting.
a. tomorrow b.tomorrow" s c.tomorrows"
4.Tom is drinking a cup of coffee_______sugar.
a. in b. with c. on
5. will you please pass me a cup of tea?
_________________________________
a. thank you b. certainly c. here you are
6.we will have a P.E. class ______Friday.
A .in b. with c. on
7.they will have a debate ______class four next Monday .
a. to b. for c.with
8.mary is waiting ______his mum at the shop gate.
a. to b. for c. at
9.my home is not very far ______school.
a. from b. away c. for
10.there is something wrong _______my new watch.
a. to b. in c. with
按要求完成句子。
1. 1.we plant some trees on the hill .(变否定句)
——————————————————————
2．Will you have a picnic next week.(写出肯定回答)
——————————————————————
3.must we go home now?(写出否定回答)
——————————————————————
4.we visited the museum last Saturday.(变否定句)
_____________________________________________
5.there are 12 girls in our class.(对划线部分提问)
——————————————————————
答案：1.would you like___c___some water? a.drink b.drinking c.to drink 2.let us _b____baseball on the playground. A. to play b. play c.playing3.are you ready for __b___meeting. a. tomorrow b.tomorrow" s c.tomorrows"4.Tom is drinking a cup of coffee___b____sugar.a. in b. with c. on 5. will you please pass me a cup of tea?______________________c___________ a. thank you b. certainly c. here you are6.we will have a P.E. class __c____Friday.A .in b. with c. on 7.they will have a debate ___c___class four next Monday .a. to b. for c.with 8.mary is waiting ___b___his mum at the shop gate.a. to b. for c. at9.my home is not very far ___a___school.a. from b. away c. for10.there is something wrong __c_____my new watch.a. to b. in c. with . 1.we plant some trees on the hill .(变否定句) We don't plant any trees on the hill. 2．Will you have a picnic next week.(写出肯定回答) Yes, we will.3.must we go home now?(写出否定回答) No, you needn't.4.we visited the museum last Saturday.(变否定句) We didn't visit the museum last Saturday.5.there are 12 girls in our class.(对划线部分提问)How many girls are there in your class?
英语语法中的时态（tense）是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。
是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。
英语时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时
下面就英语中常见的十种基本时态进行阐述，其它的时态都是在这十种时态的基础上结合而成的。
一、 一般现在时
1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2.时间状语： Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
3.基本结构：动词 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式）
4.否定形式：主语+am/is/are +not+其他; 此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't, 如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。
6.例句：. It seldom snows here.
He is always ready to help others.
Action speaks louder than words..
二、 一般过去时
1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词 的过去式
4.否定形式：主语+was/were +not+其他;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。
6.例句：She often came to help us in those days.
I didn't know you were so busy.
]三、 现在进行时
1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语：Now, at this time, days, etc. look. listen
3.基本结构：主语+be +doing +其他
4.否定形式：主语+be +not +doing+其他
5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。
6.例句： How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.
四、 过去进行时
1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构 主语+was/were +doing +其他
4.否定形式：主语+was/were + not +doing+其他
5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写）
6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
五、 现在完成时
1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语：yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点，for+时间段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.
3.基本结构：主语+have/has +p.p（过去分词）+其他
4.否定形式：主语+have/has + not +p.p（过去分词）+其他
5.一般疑问句：have或has。
6.例句：I've written an article.
The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.
六、 过去完成时
1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语：Before, by the end of last year (term, month…), etc.
3.基本结构：主语+had + p.p（过去分词）+其他
4.否定形式：主语+had + not +p.p（过去分词）+其他
5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。
6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books
基本结构：主语+had+p.p（过去分词）+其他
①肯定句：主语+ had+p.p（过去分词）+其他
②否定句：主语+ had+ not+p.p（过去分词）+其他
③一般疑问句：Had+主语+p.p（过去分词）+其他
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
七、 一般将来时
1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语：Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本结构：主语+am/is/are +going to + do+其他；主语+will/shall + do+其他
4.否定形式：主语+am/is/are not going to do ；主语+will/shall not do+其他
5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。
6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.
It is going to rain.
八、 过去将来时
1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语：The next day (morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本结构：主语+was/were +going to + do+其他；主语+would/should + do+其他
4.否定形式：主语+was/were/not + going to + do; 主语+would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。
6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.
I asked who was going there .
九、将来完成时
1.概念：在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态
2.时间状语：by the time of; by the end of+时间短语（将来）;by the time+从句（将来）
3.基本结构：主语+be going to/will/shall + have+p.p（过去分词）+其他
4例句:By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.
十、现在完成进行时
1.概念：表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始，也可能仍在继续，并可能延续到将来。
2.基本结构：主语+have/has +been +doing+其他
3.时间状语：since+时间点，for+时间段等。
4.例子：I have been sitting here for an hour.
The chilrdren have been watching TV since six o'clock.
十一、 一般过去时与现在完成时的转换
在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用别的表达方式：①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中；②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中，表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思，主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看：
A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
十二、 一般现在时与现在进行时的转换
在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看：
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
十三、 现在进行时与一般将来时的转换
在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来，妈妈！”请看：
The train is leaving soon.
The train will leave soon.
互相转换
英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换，以下是几种常见的转换形式：
一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换
在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用别的表达方式：①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中；②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中，表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思，主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看：
A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换
在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看：
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换
在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来，妈妈！”请看：
The train is leaving soon.
The train will leave soon.
四、“be going to+动词原形”与“will(shall)+动词原形”结构的转换
“be going to+动词原形”、表示打算、计划要做的事；将来时“will(shall)+动词原形”结构在书面语中，当主语为第一人称时，常用助动词shall。在口语中，所有人称都可以用will。请看：
We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
[编辑本段]十六种时态
所谓“时”就是行为发生的时段或状态存在的时段，即：现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种；所谓“态”就是行为或状态发生时说呈现的状态，有一般状态、进行状态、完成状态或完成进行状态四种。由时和态结合，便形成下列十六种时态：
一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，一般过去将来时；
现在进行时，过去进行时，将来进行时，过去将来进行时；
现在完成时，过去完成时，将来完成时，过去将来完成时；
现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时，将来完成进行时，过去将来完成进行时．
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一、单词
（45）
1. carefully 仔细地，认真地2. ask 问，询问3.question 问题
4 actively 积极地，活泼地5， make 做，制作6.noise 声音，噪音
7. eat 吃 8. should 应该 9. go 去，走 10. early 早
11.mess脏乱，杂乱 12. good 好的 13. room 房间
14.keep 保持 15。 clean 干净的 16. set 摆，放 17. home 家
18. too也，又，过于 19.. late 晚，迟 20. look看
21. must 必须 22. wait 等待23. respect 尊敬
24 and 和，并且 25. them 他（她、它）们 （宾格）
27.. young 年轻的，幼小的 28. children 孩子们
30..grass 草，草坪31.cross 横穿 32. now 现在 33. spit 吐痰
34. ground 地（面），地上 35. litter乱丢杂物 36.everyone每一个人
37. well 好地 38. never从不 39.. sometimes 有时候
40 for 为了（介词）41. classmate 同班同学 42. hospital 医院
二、词组（67）
1. home/class rule 家/班规
2. a good student 一个好学生
3. be quiet安静/ pick the flowers .摘花
4. obey the rules 遵守规则
5. come to school early 很早来学校
6. make noise 制造噪音
7. in class 在课上
8. a group leader 一个组长
9. a list of rules for the class/ a list of class rules 一个班规表
10.keep your desk clean 保持你的书桌干净
11. make a mess 乱扔乱放东西 12. go home too late 回家太晚
13. help to set the table帮助摆餐桌
14. respect old people and help them 尊敬老人并帮助他们
15. like to help to set the table喜欢帮助摆餐桌
16. the whole evening全晚，整晚
17.watch TV till late 看电视直到好晚 18. read in bed 躺着看书
19. wait for the green light 等绿灯
20. go on the social studies field trip 进行社会实践田野考察
21.in front of the hospital 在医院前
22. want to tell people 想告诉人们
23 a busy street 一条繁忙的大街 24. hold up 举起
25. a beautiful park 一个漂亮的公园 26. point to 指着。。。。。。
27. feel hungry 感觉饿
28. keep off the grass 不进入草坪
29. take good care of young children 照顾好小孩
30. play on the street 在街上玩
31. spit on the ground 随地吐痰
32. tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事 33. throw the banana skin 扔香蕉皮
34 make a mess乱扔乱放东西
35. go home 回家
36. keep off 不进入
三、填空（78）
1.What are his classmates doing now?（do）
2.She dances （dance）in class.
3.He is making (make) a dress for me.
4..She usually speaks and makes noise in class.
5. Are you often late for class?
6.Amy is a friend of hers .(her)
四、改错：
（67）
1）Ms Li is good teacher.
Ms Li is a good teacher.
2)He often makes mess in his room.
He often makes a mess in his room.
3)He don’t like to help to set the table.
He doesn’t like to help to set the table.
4)Tom very late go to bed.
Tom goes to bed very late.
一）人称代词
一、概念 （67）
人称代词是表示我、你、他/她/它、我们、你们和（他/她/它）们的词。人称代词有人称、格和数的变化.
二、人称代词的用法 （87）
1．一般情况下，人称代词的主格作主语，放在句子的开头。
I am a teacher. 我是一名教师。（I是主语）
You are 11 years old. 你11岁了。（You 是主语）
He is my friend. 他是我的朋友。（He是主语）
It is hot today. 今天天气热。（It是主语）
2．宾格作宾语，通常放在动词，如：let, like, help,give,ask等的后面；或介词，如：for, to, of,at等的后面。
Can you help me？你能帮我吗？（me是宾语）
The cake is for you. 这个蛋糕是给你的。（you是宾语）
3．作表语（用主格，口语中常用宾格）
Who is that？It's me（I）. 是谁啊？是我。
三、注意
1．人称代词I无论放在句首、句中或句尾，都要大写。
2．人称代词she除了指女性“她”之外，还可以指祖国、月亮等拟人的东西。
如：I love my country. She is great.
The moon is in the sky. She is round and bright.
四、It的特殊用法
1．一般情况下，it表示人以外的动物和东西，是单数名词的代词，译为“它”。
Where is your car？It is over there. 你的小汽车在哪儿？（它）在那边。
2．但在表示天气、时间、距离等时，用it来代替，此时的it，并不译为“它”。
1）指天气:It is sunny today.
今天阳光灿烂。
2）指气候:It's cold in this room.
这个房间很冷。
3）指时间:What time is it？It's six thirty.
几点了？六点半了。
4）指距离:How far is it from here to the park？
从这儿到公园有多远？It's about two miles.
大约是二英里。
五、人称的习惯顺序：
如果有几个不同的人称同时作主语，且用and，or连接时，习惯顺序是：单数：you，he，and I
复数：we，you，and they
但是，如果是做错事，承担责任时，有时，说话的人把I放在第一位。
Who broke the window？谁打碎了玻璃？I and Li Ming.我和李明.
（二）物主代词
表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，物主代词也有人称和数的变化。
通过观察上表，我们发现，除了my的名词性物主代词是mine, his和its的名词性和形容词性相同外，其他的名词性物主代词都是在对应的形容词性物主代词后面加“s”变成的。形容词性物主代词用来修饰名词，表示是属于谁的东西。名词性物主代词等于对应的形容词性物主代词加一个名词。如：
This is her book. = This book is hers.
Are these your pens? = Are these pens yours?
（三）替代词
替代词用来替代前面已经提到过的人或事物，来避免重复这一名词。最典型的替代词有one和ones。one用来替代表示单数的人或事，ones用来替代表示复数的人或事物。
如：There is a post office near my home. There is one near our school, too.(one = post office)
另外,第三人称单数后的动词+S, BE+动词ING
第三人称单数指HE,SHE,IT
选择
1.would you like______some water?
a.drink b.drinking c.to drink
2.let us _____baseball on the playground.
A. to play b. play c.playing
3.are you ready for _____meeting.
a. tomorrow b.tomorrow" s c.tomorrows"
4.Tom is drinking a cup of coffee_______sugar.
a. in b. with c. on
5. will you please pass me a cup of tea?
_________________________________
a. thank you b. certainly c. here you are
6.we will have a P.E. class ______Friday.
A .in b. with c. on
7.they will have a debate ______class four next Monday .
a. to b. for c.with
8.mary is waiting ______his mum at the shop gate.
a. to b. for c. at
9.my home is not very far ______school.
a. from b. away c. for
10.there is something wrong _______my new watch.
a. to b. in c. with
按要求完成句子。
1. 1.we plant some trees on the hill .(变否定句)
——————————————————————
2．Will you have a picnic next week.(写出肯定回答)
——————————————————————
3.must we go home now?(写出否定回答)
——————————————————————
4.we visited the museum last Saturday.(变否定句)
_____________________________________________
5.there are 12 girls in our class.(对划线部分提问)
——————————————————————
答案：1.would you like___c___some water? a.drink b.drinking c.to drink 2.let us _b____baseball on the playground. A. to play b. play c.playing3.are you ready for __b___meeting. a. tomorrow b.tomorrow" s c.tomorrows"4.Tom is drinking a cup of coffee___b____sugar.a. in b. with c. on 5. will you please pass me a cup of tea?______________________c___________ a. thank you b. certainly c. here you are6.we will have a P.E. class __c____Friday.A .in b. with c. on 7.they will have a debate ___c___class four next Monday .a. to b. for c.with 8.mary is waiting ___b___his mum at the shop gate.a. to b. for c.
（45）
1. carefully 仔细地，认真地2. ask 问，询问3.question 问题
4 actively 积极地，活泼地5， make 做，制作6.noise 声音，噪音
7. eat 吃 8. should 应该 9. go 去，走 10. early 早
11.mess脏乱，杂乱 12. good 好的 13. room 房间
14.keep 保持 15。 clean 干净的 16. set 摆，放 17. home 家
18. too也，又，过于 19.. late 晚，迟 20. look看
21. must 必须 22. wait 等待23. respect 尊敬
24 and 和，并且 25. them 他（她、它）们 （宾格）
27.. young 年轻的，幼小的 28. children 孩子们
30..grass 草，草坪31.cross 横穿 32. now 现在 33. spit 吐痰
34. ground 地（面），地上 35. litter乱丢杂物 36.everyone每一个人
37. well 好地 38. never从不 39.. sometimes 有时候
40 for 为了（介词）41. classmate 同班同学 42. hospital 医院
二、词组（67）
1. home/class rule 家/班规
2. a good student 一个好学生
3. be quiet安静/ pick the flowers .摘花
4. obey the rules 遵守规则
5. come to school early 很早来学校
6. make noise 制造噪音
7. in class 在课上
8. a group leader 一个组长
9. a list of rules for the class/ a list of class rules 一个班规表
10.keep your desk clean 保持你的书桌干净
11. make a mess 乱扔乱放东西 12. go home too late 回家太晚
13. help to set the table帮助摆餐桌
14. respect old people and help them 尊敬老人并帮助他们
15. like to help to set the table喜欢帮助摆餐桌
16. the whole evening全晚，整晚
17.watch TV till late 看电视直到好晚 18. read in bed 躺着看书
19. wait for the green light 等绿灯
20. go on the social studies field trip 进行社会实践田野考察
21.in front of the hospital 在医院前
22. want to tell people 想告诉人们
23 a busy street 一条繁忙的大街 24. hold up 举起
25. a beautiful park 一个漂亮的公园 26. point to 指着。。。。。。
27. feel hungry 感觉饿
28. keep off the grass 不进入草坪
29. take good care of young children 照顾好小孩
30. play on the street 在街上玩
31. spit on the ground 随地吐痰
32. tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事 33. throw the banana skin 扔香蕉皮
34 make a mess乱扔乱放东西
35. go home 回家
36. keep off 不进入
三、填空（78）
1.What are his classmates doing now?（do）
2.She dances （dance）in class.
3.He is making (make) a dress for me.
4..She usually speaks and makes noise in class.
5. Are you often late for class?
6.Amy is a friend of hers .(her)
四、改错：
（67）
1）Ms Li is good teacher.
Ms Li is a good teacher.
2)He often makes mess in his room.
He often makes a mess in his room.
3)He don’t like to help to set the table.
He doesn’t like to help to set the table.
4)Tom very late go to bed.
Tom goes to bed very late.
一）人称代词
一、概念 （67）
人称代词是表示我、你、他/她/它、我们、你们和（他/她/它）们的词。人称代词有人称、格和数的变化.
二、人称代词的用法 （87）
1．一般情况下，人称代词的主格作主语，放在句子的开头。
I am a teacher. 我是一名教师。（I是主语）
You are 11 years old. 你11岁了。（You 是主语）
He is my friend. 他是我的朋友。（He是主语）
It is hot today. 今天天气热。（It是主语）
2．宾格作宾语，通常放在动词，如：let, like, help,give,ask等的后面；或介词，如：for, to, of,at等的后面。
Can you help me？你能帮我吗？（me是宾语）
The cake is for you. 这个蛋糕是给你的。（you是宾语）
3．作表语（用主格，口语中常用宾格）
Who is that？It's me（I）. 是谁啊？是我。
三、注意
1．人称代词I无论放在句首、句中或句尾，都要大写。
2．人称代词she除了指女性“她”之外，还可以指祖国、月亮等拟人的东西。
如：I love my country. She is great.
The moon is in the sky. She is round and bright.
四、It的特殊用法
1．一般情况下，it表示人以外的动物和东西，是单数名词的代词，译为“它”。
Where is your car？It is over there. 你的小汽车在哪儿？（它）在那边。
2．但在表示天气、时间、距离等时，用it来代替，此时的it，并不译为“它”。
1）指天气:It is sunny today.
今天阳光灿烂。
2）指气候:It's cold in this room.
这个房间很冷。
3）指时间:What time is it？It's six thirty.
几点了？六点半了。
4）指距离:How far is it from here to the park？
从这儿到公园有多远？It's about two miles.
大约是二英里。
五、人称的习惯顺序：
如果有几个不同的人称同时作主语，且用and，or连接时，习惯顺序是：单数：you，he，and I
复数：we，you，and they
但是，如果是做错事，承担责任时，有时，说话的人把I放在第一位。
Who broke the window？谁打碎了玻璃？I and Li Ming.我和李明.
（二）物主代词
表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，物主代词也有人称和数的变化。
通过观察上表，我们发现，除了my的名词性物主代词是mine, his和its的名词性和形容词性相同外，其他的名词性物主代词都是在对应的形容词性物主代词后面加“s”变成的。形容词性物主代词用来修饰名词，表示是属于谁的东西。名词性物主代词等于对应的形容词性物主代词加一个名词。如：
This is her book. = This book is hers.
Are these your pens? = Are these pens yours?
（三）替代词
替代词用来替代前面已经提到过的人或事物，来避免重复这一名词。最典型的替代词有one和ones。one用来替代表示单数的人或事，ones用来替代表示复数的人或事物。
如：There is a post office near my home. There is one near our school, too.(one = post office)
另外,第三人称单数后的动词+S, BE+动词ING
第三人称单数指HE,SHE,IT
选择
1.would you like______some water?
a.drink b.drinking c.to drink
2.let us _____baseball on the playground.
A. to play b. play c.playing
3.are you ready for _____meeting.
a. tomorrow b.tomorrow" s c.tomorrows"
4.Tom is drinking a cup of coffee_______sugar.
a. in b. with c. on
5. will you please pass me a cup of tea?
_________________________________
a. thank you b. certainly c. here you are
6.we will have a P.E. class ______Friday.
A .in b. with c. on
7.they will have a debate ______class four next Monday .
a. to b. for c.with
8.mary is waiting ______his mum at the shop gate.
a. to b. for c. at
9.my home is not very far ______school.
a. from b. away c. for
10.there is something wrong _______my new watch.
a. to b. in c. with
按要求完成句子。
1. 1.we plant some trees on the hill .(变否定句)
——————————————————————
2．Will you have a picnic next week.(写出肯定回答)
——————————————————————
3.must we go home now?(写出否定回答)
——————————————————————
4.we visited the museum last Saturday.(变否定句)
_____________________________________________
5.there are 12 girls in our class.(对划线部分提问)
——————————————————————
答案：1.would you like___c___some water? a.drink b.drinking c.to drink 2.let us _b____baseball on the playground. A. to play b. play c.playing3.are you ready for __b___meeting. a. tomorrow b.tomorrow" s c.tomorrows"4.Tom is drinking a cup of coffee___b____sugar.a. in b. with c. on 5. will you please pass me a cup of tea?______________________c___________ a. thank you b. certainly c. here you are6.we will have a P.E. class __c____Friday.A .in b. with c. on 7.they will have a debate ___c___class four next Monday .a. to b. for c.with 8.mary is waiting ___b___his mum at the shop gate.a. to b. for c.
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