元旦的由来英文版80字
元旦的由来英文:
China first called the first day of the first lunar month as "New Year's Day",Yuan means "beginning" and "beginning", and means "days".The New Year's Day is called the "initial day", which is the first day of the year.
中国最早称农历正月初一为“元旦”,元是“初”、“始”的意思,旦指“日子”,元旦合称即是“初始的日子”,也就是一年的第一天。从汉武帝起,规定孟喜月(元月)为正月,把孟喜月的第一天(农历的正月初一)称为元旦。
今天所说的“元旦”,是建国时决定采用世界通用的公元纪年法,并将公历1月1日正式定为“元旦”,农历正月初一改为“春节”。
“元旦”,最早来自西方。大约在公元前五万年左右,古埃及人已由游牧改为农耕,定居在尼罗河两岸,他们的农业收成与尼罗河是否发生洪水有很大关系。
古埃及人从长期的观察中发现,尼罗河泛滥的时间是有规律的,他们就把这个时间每次都记录在竹竿上,从中得知两次泛滥时间之间大约相隔365天,也就是一年。
同时古还发现,当尼罗河初涨的潮头来到开罗城附近的时候,也正好是太阳与天狼星同时从地平线上升起的时候。于是,古埃及人便把这一天定为一年的开始。这就是元旦最早的由来。
元旦,即公历的1月1日,是世界多数国家通称的“新年”。元,谓“始”,凡数之始称为“元”;旦,谓“日”;“元旦”意即“初始之日”。元旦又称“三元”,即岁之元、月之元、时之元。中国历史上的“元旦”之名称指的是夏历(阴历,又称农历)正月初一,有现存文献记载的“元旦”一词最早出现于《晋书》。
辛亥革命后,为了“行夏正,所以顺农时,从西历,所以便统计”,民国元年决定使用公历(实际使用是1912年),并规定阳历1月1日为“新年”,但并不叫“元旦”。1949年中华人民共和国以公历1月1日为元旦,因此元旦在中国也被称为“阳历年”或“公历年”。
“元旦”的概念,在不同时代、不同国家,具体所指也不尽相同。世界上大多数国家都采用了国际通行的公历,把每年1月1日作为“元旦”。
Customs
1. Kaisui(beginning of the year): According to the Chinese traditional custom, starting from haishi(9p.m. to 11p.m.)of the last evening of the twelfth lunar month, each family must prepare offering s to deities at the altar. At the same time, they too prepare food for the New Year day: The whole family will then stay awake together to attend to the year(called shou sui). After haishi, zishi(11p.m. to 1a.m.)will come, and this is the arrival of New Year(Yuandan). At this moment, people begin the celebration with fireworks. Vegetarian and sweet foods will then be placed are the altar for offerings, and incense be burned to welcome the deities. In the ancient times, it was believed that haishi connected the two years and thus was called kaisui.
At the same night, some families will follow the instruction in Tongshu and place preparing altar in the direction of the "fortune deity" during the "fortune time" to receive the deity. If the direction of the "fortune deity" is at the "ill position", people will choose to receive "happy deity" or "noble deity" instead.