Question

求个翻译 高一英语阅读

Answer 1

Does everyone want a challenging job? In spite of all the attention focused by the media, academicians, and social scientists on human potential and the needs of individuals, there is no evidence to support that the vast majority of workers want challenging jobs. Some individuals prefer highly complex and challenging jobs; others develop in simple, routine work.
The individual-difference variable（变量）that seems to gain the greatest support for explaining who prefers a challenging job and who doesn’t is the strength of an individual’s needs for personal growth and self-direction at work. Individuals with these higher-order growth needs are more responsive for challenging work. What percentage of ordinary workers actually desire higher-order need satisfactions and will respond positively to challenging jobs? No current data is available, but a study from the 1970s estimated the figure at about 15%. Even after adjusting for changing work attitudes and the growth in white-collar jobs, it seems unlikely that the number today exceeds 40%.
The strongest voice advocating challenging jobs has not been workers—it’s been professors, social science researchers, and media people. Professors, researchers, and journalists undoubtedly made their career choices, to some degree, because they wanted jobs that gave them autonomy, recognition and challenge. That, of course, is their choice. But for them, to force their needs onto the workforce in general is presumptuous (冒失的).
Not every employee is looking for a challenging job. Many workers meet their higher-order need off the job. There are 168 hours in every individual’s week. Work rarely consumes more than 30% of this time. That leaves considerable opportunities, even for individuals with strong growth needs, to find higher-order need satisfaction outside the workplace. So don’t feel you have a responsibility to create challenging jobs for all your employees. For many people, work is something that will never excite or challenge them. And they don’t expect to find their growth opportunities at work. Work is merely something they have to do to pay their bills. They can find challenges outside of work on the golf course, fishing, at their local pub, with their friends in social clubs, with their family, and the like.

是否每个人都希望有一份具有挑战性的工作？尽管所有的媒体、学者、以及研究社会对人的潜力和个人的需求的科学家们都关注着这个话题，但没有任何证据支持：绝大多数的工人需要具有挑战性的工作。有些人喜欢高度复杂和具有挑战性的工作;有些人需要在简单的日常工作中发展。

单个体差异似乎是最有力的证据来支撑“人们喜欢和不喜欢具有挑战性的工作，是个人在职场里个人成长和人生方向需要的力量”这一观点。这些高阶成长需要的个人是有挑战性的工作更加适应。有多少比例的普通工人的实际愿望高阶需要的满足，并会积极具有挑战性的工作应对？目前没有数据是可用的，但是从20世纪70年代的一项研究在15％左右，估计这个数字。即使调整改变工作态度和白领职位的增长后，似乎不太可能，今天这一数字超过40％。
最强音崇尚挑战性的工作一直没有工作人员，它已经教授，社会科学研究人员和媒体人士。教授，研究人员和新闻记者无疑使他们的职业选择，在一定程度上，是因为他们希望，给了他们的自主权，承认和挑战的工作。这当然是他们的选择。但对他们来说，迫使他们的需求到一般员工队伍放肆 。
不是每一个员工都在寻找一个具有挑战性的工作。许多工人满足他们的高阶需要关闭工作。有在每个人的每周168小时。工作很少消耗的这段时间30％以上。这使得相当多的机会，即使对于强劲增长的需要的个人，找到高阶需要满足在工作场所之外。所以，不要觉得你有责任为您的所有员工挑战性的工作。对于很多人来说，工作是一些根本不会兴奋或挑战他们。他们不希望在工作中找到自己的增长机会。工作仅仅是他们必须做支付账单的东西。他们可以找到在球场上工作，钓鱼，在当地的酒吧之外的挑战，与他们在社交俱乐部的朋友，与他们的家人，等等。

Answer 2

_killed__(kill)by the murderer, the man was walking at midnight.
当这个男人半夜在路上走的时候，被人谋杀了
有了by 就用过去分词