如何求标准差?
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“标准差”(standard deviation)也称“标准偏差”,它可以通过计算方差的算术平方根来求得。标准差表征了各数据偏离平均值的距离,它反映出一个数据集的离散程度。
计算标准差的步骤通常有四步:
(1)计算平均值
(2)计算方差
(3)计算平均方差
(4)计算标准差
例如,对于一个有六个数的数集2,3,4,5,6,8,其标准差可通过以下步骤计算:
(1)计算平均值:
(2 + 3 + 4 + 5+ 6 + 8)/6 = 30 /6 = 5
(2)计算方差:
(2 – 5)^2 = (-3)^2= 9
(3 – 5)^2 = (-2)^2= 4
(4 – 5)^2 = (-1)^2= 0
(5 – 5)^2 = 0^2= 0
(6 – 5)^2 = 1^2= 1
(8 – 5)^2 = 3^2= 9
(3)计算平均方差:
(9 + 4 + 0 + 0+ 1 + 9)/6 = 24/6 = 4
(4)计算标准差:
√4 = 2
计算标准差的步骤通常有四步:
(1)计算平均值
(2)计算方差
(3)计算平均方差
(4)计算标准差
例如,对于一个有六个数的数集2,3,4,5,6,8,其标准差可通过以下步骤计算:
(1)计算平均值:
(2 + 3 + 4 + 5+ 6 + 8)/6 = 30 /6 = 5
(2)计算方差:
(2 – 5)^2 = (-3)^2= 9
(3 – 5)^2 = (-2)^2= 4
(4 – 5)^2 = (-1)^2= 0
(5 – 5)^2 = 0^2= 0
(6 – 5)^2 = 1^2= 1
(8 – 5)^2 = 3^2= 9
(3)计算平均方差:
(9 + 4 + 0 + 0+ 1 + 9)/6 = 24/6 = 4
(4)计算标准差:
√4 = 2
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