定语从句修饰主语
例如:
1. The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.
(我从图书馆借来的那本书非常有趣。)
在这个例子中,定语从句“that I borrowed from the library”修饰主语“book”,进一步说明了这本书的来源。
2. The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.
(穿红裙子的那个女孩是我的妹妹。)
在这个例子中,定语从句“who is wearing a red dress”修饰主语“girl”,进一步描述了这个女孩的外貌特征。
3. The car which was parked outside was stolen.
(停在外面的那辆车被盗了。)
在这个例子中,定语从句“which was parked outside”修饰主语“car”,进一步说明了这辆车的位置。
总之,定语从句可以用来修饰主语,进一步描述或限定主语的意义。
在学习定语从句时,我们要学会怎么判断它是修饰主语还是在修饰宾语!以下是定语从句修饰主语的用法,一起来学习吧!
如何判断定语从句是修饰主语还是宾语
定语从句修饰主语时放在主语的后面,修饰宾语时则放在宾语的后面。
一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后(先行词)进行修饰限定,这个句子就叫做定语从句。在主句中充当定语成分。
被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况,它通常只能放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后。定语 从句由关系词(关系代词、关系副词)引导,关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语 从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which the) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作主语)
The package which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在句中作宾语)
二、关系副词引导的.定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1)when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例 如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮忙的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从 句,在得正式文体中that常被省略(正式文体中不可省略),例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十 年前居住过的地方。
判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要 求用关系代词。例如:
(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词和关系副词,先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时,应选择关系代词;先行词在从句中作状语时,应选择关系副词。
例如:(对)Is this the museum which you visited a few days ago?
(对)Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?
下面是一个例句:
"The person who is sitting next to me is my friend."
在这个例句中,定语从句 "who is sitting next to me" 修饰主语 "person"。这个定语从句进一步描述了这个人的位置以及他与说话者的关系。