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英语八个时态
英语八个时态如下:
一、一般现在时
1.概念:指经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2.时间状语:always,usually,often,sometimes,every week(day,year,month…),once a week,on Sundays。这些词都是表示时间频率的词,一般是用来做状语修饰定语的。
3.基本结构:动词+原形(主语为第三人称单数,如:she/he/it,谓语动词上要加s,一般动词的第三人单数都是加s;助动词do,需要加es,或以辅音y结尾的,需要变y为i,再加es)
例句1:He is always ready to help others.他总是帮助别人阅读。
例句2:Action speaks louder than words.说话的声音超过活动的声音。
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
例句1:This is a book这是一本书。
否定回答:This is not a book.这不是一本书。
例句2:He eats an apple.他吃的是苹果。
否定句He doesn't eat an apple.他吃的不是苹果。
5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
例句1:Does he do his homework after school?放学之后,你做家庭作业了吗?
例句2:Do they often watch TV after supper?他们经常在晚饭之后看电视吗?
二、一般过去试
1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语:ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week(year,night,month…),in 1989,just now,at the age of 5,one day,long long ago,once upon a time,这些都是表现时间过词组,经常用在一般过去式。
3.基本结构
(1)含有Be动词主语+was/were+形容词或者名词......
(2)不含有be动词:主语+动词过去式+......
例句1:He was here just now.他刚才还在这里。
例句2:We often played together when we were children.我们小时候常在一起玩。
4.否定句
(1)带be:主语+was/were not+形容词或者名词+......
例句:They were not here only a few minutes ago.他们只在这里玩了几分钟。
(2)不带be:主语+didn't+动词原形+......
例句:He did not go to the toy store yesterday他昨天没有去玩具店。
5.一般疑问句
(1)含be动词was或were放于句首;
(2)不含be动词用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词原型,Did+主语+动词原形+……?
例句1:Did you go to plant trees last Saturday?你上周六去植树了吗?
例句2:Did you do homework?你做家庭作业了吗?
三、现在进行时
1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语:now,at this time,these days,这些单词都是表示时间的。
3.基本结构:Be动词(am/is/are)+doing
例句1:He is doing well in his lessons.今天的课上他表现得很好。
例句2:They are playing basketball now他们现在正在打篮球。
4.否定形式:Be动词(am/is/are)+not+doing.
例句:She is doing her homework.她正在做家庭作业
否定句:She is not doing her homework.她没有在做家庭作业
5.特殊疑问句:把be动词放于疑问词的后面。
例句1:How are you feeling today?你今天感觉怎么样?
例句2:Are you watching TV?你在看电视吗?
四、过去进行时
1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语:at this time yesterday,at that time,或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构:was/were+doing
例句1:We were having supper when the phone rang.我们正在吃晚饭时,电话响了
例句2:She was reading book at this time yesterday.她昨天这个时间正在看书。
4.否定形式:was/were+not+doing.
例句:I was not doing my homework yesterday afternoon.我昨天下午没有做家务。
5.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。
例句:He was shopping yesterday afternoon.昨天下午,他没有去购物.
一般疑问句:Was he shopping yesterday afternoon?她昨天下午去购物了吗?
肯定回答:Yes,he was.他去了.
五、现在完成时
1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语:recently,lately,since…for…,in the past few years,
3.基本结构:have/has+done
例句1:It has been raining these days.这些天一直在下雨。
例句2:I've written an article.我在写一篇文章。
4.否定形式:have/has+not+done.
He hasn't climbed a tree.
5.一般疑问句:have或has提前。
例句1:Have you found your pen yet?你已找到你的钢笔了吗?
例句2:Has he climbed a tree?她没有爬树吗?
六、过去完成时
1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语:before,by the end of last year(term,month…),by the time...表时间状语从句。
3.基本结构:had+done.
例句1:As soon as we got to the station,the train had left.尽管我们已经感到车站,但是车已经离开了。
例句2:By the end of last month,we had reviewed four books在这个月月底,我们已经复习了四本书。
4.否定形式:had+not+done.
At that time we hadn't met her.那时我们还没有见到她
5.一般疑问句:had放于句首。
例句1::Had I been there five years before?我五年前到过这里吗?
例句2:had The movie been on for half an hour when you got to the cinema?当你们到达电影院,电影已经开始半个小时了吗?
七、一般将来时
1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语:tomorrow,next day(week,month,year…),soon,in a few minutes,by…,the day after tomorrow.
3.基本结构:am/is/are+going to+do;will/shall+do.
例句1:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他们将和我们班有一场比赛。
例句2:I think he will be back soon我认为他很快就回来了。
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not+going to;will/shall+not(will适用于所有人称,shall只用于第一人称)
例句:We will not read this book.我们没有读过这本书。
5.一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。
例句:Will we read this book?我们谁没有读过这本书。
八、过去将来时
1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语:the next day(morning,year…),the following month(week…).
3.基本结构:was/were+going to+do;would/should+do.
例句1:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他说他明天要到北京去。
例句2:I asked who was going there.我问明天谁要去那里。
4.否定形式:was/were+not+going to+do;would/should+not+do.
例句:She wouldn't go with me她没有和我一起。
5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should提到句首。
例句:Would she go with me?她和我一起吗?
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