新概念英语第二册Lesson46~48课文注释
新概念英语第二册Lesson46课文注释
1.…workers began to unload a number of wooden boxes which contained clothing.……工人们开始卸下装有服装的一批木箱。
(1)unload的含义为“卸(货)”，它的反义词为load(装货)。与形容词 uncomfortable, unsmiling等相似，有些动词加前缀un可以表示做相反的动作。
(2)a number of为固定词组，表示“若干”、“许多”：
You've made a number of mistakes in typing this letter.
你打这封信时出了不少错误。
(3)clothing是服装的总称，为不可数名词，其含义比clothes更为广泛。clothes一般指衣服，clothing则可以包括鞋、帽等。
2.No one could account for the fact that one of the boxes was extremely heavy. 其中有只箱子特别重，可谁也弄不清是怎么回事。
(1)短语动词 account for的含义为“说明理由”、“作出说明(或解释)”：
The bad weather in England accounts for Harrison's decision to leave the country.
英国糟糕的气候是哈里森决定离开这个国家的原因。
How do you account for the battered car?
你如何解释这撞坏的车?
(2)that后面的从句为fact的同位语从句，说明fact的具体内容：
He couldn't explain the fact that Mary's wallet was found in his room.
他无法解释玛丽的钱包是在他房间里找到的这一事实。
3.It suddenly occurred to one of the workers to open up the box. 突然一个工人想到打开箱子看看。
(1)表示某人想起某事时，要用 sth. occurred to sb. 这个结构，主语为事，而不是人。
(2)it在句中为先行主语，代替不定式 to open up the box。
(3)open up的含义之一是“打开”：
open up boxes/gifts 打开箱子/礼物
When he received the gifts, he opened them up at once.
他收到礼物后立刻就打开了。
4.He was astonished at what he found. 看到的情景使他吃惊。
表示某事使/让某人吃惊通常用sb. is/ are/ was/ were…astonished at sth.：
Sam appears astonished at the news/ the sound.
这消息/声音似乎使萨姆吃了一惊。
5.on top of, 在……上面。
She put the bread on top of a pile of other goods.
她把面包放在一堆其他货物上面。
6.…he had been confined to the wooden box for over eighteen hours. ……他在那木箱里闷了十八个多小时。
confine表示“把……限制起来”，通常与介词to连用：
Last weekend, Tom's mother confined him to his room.
上个周末，汤姆的妈妈把汤姆关在了房间里。
7.The man was ordered to pay ￡3,500 for the cost of the trip. 此人被责令交付旅费3,500英镑。
pay for表示“为……支付货款”、“为……付出代价”：
She paid ￡ 50 for that dress.
她买那件衣服花了50英镑。
新概念英语第二册Lesson47课文注释
1.A public house which was recently bought by Mr. Ian Thompson is up for sale. 伊恩·汤普森先生最近才买的一个小酒店现在又要卖出去。
(1)在英国英语中，public house指酒馆、酒店，口语中往往缩略为pub：
I had lunch at a village pub.
我在一家乡村小酒店吃了午饭。
(2)up for sale表示“供新概念”，up为形容词，含义为“已提出的”、“供……的”。
2.He told me that he could not go to sleep one night because he heard a strange noise coming from the bar. 他告诉我有天夜里他怎么也睡不着，因为他听到酒吧里传来一阵奇怪的响声。
(1)从that一直到句尾都是told的直接宾语，其中because引导的原因状语从句说明为什么睡不着的原因。
(2)coming为现在分词，它引导的短语修饰noise，为宾语补足语。它也可以变为从句结构：a strange noise that came from the bar。在一些表示感觉的动词如see，hear，feel，watch，notice 等之后，往往用宾语+宾语补足语这个结构，其宾语补足语既可以是不定式(通常不加to)，也可以是现在分词，两者在意义上区别不大，现在分词表示动作正在 发生，不定式则表示动作发生了：
I heard someone knocking at the door.
我听到有人正敲门。
I heard you sing this song yesterday.
昨天我听到你唱这支歌。
(3)bar为酒吧或酒店中卖酒的柜台。
3.…they were on in the morning.……早晨灯都亮着。
on为形容词，表示“开着的”、“接通的”，其反义词为off：
When he arrived home, he found that all the lights were on/ off.
他到家时发现所有的灯都亮着/关着。
Is the TV on? I thought I had turned it off.
电视机是开着的吗?我以为我把它关掉了。
4.He also said that he had found five empty whisky bottles which the ghost must have drunk the night before. 他还说他发现了5只空的威士忌酒瓶子，这肯定是鬼魂头天晚上喝的。
(1)由于是对已发生的事表示推测，因此must后面要用完成时。
(2)that引导的为间接引语，因此时间状语要变动。直接引语中的时间状语为 last night，转述时变成了 the night before。其他时间状语的变化有：now→then，two days ago→two days before/ earlier，today→that day，tonight→that night，tomorrow→the next/ following day，last night→the night before等。
5.…they will not accept the pub even if he gives it away.……即使他把小酒店白送人，他们也不要。
(1)连词 even if表示“即使”，它引导的让步状语从句含有很强的假定性：
I won't have dinner with him even if he pays for it.
即使是他付钱我也不和他一起吃饭。
(2)give away是个固定短语，其含义之一是“赠送”、“免费给予”：
He gave all his books away to the library.
他把他所有的书都赠给了图书馆。
新概念英语第二册Lesson48课文注释
1.Dentists always ask questions when it is impossible for you to answer. 牙科医生们总是在你无法作出回答的时候向你提出问题。
在when引导的时间状语从句中，it为先行主语，代指后面的不定式，for+人称代词/名词说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的：
It is not hard for you to help them.
你帮助他们并不难。
It was a mistake for me to come to the party.
我来参加晚会是错误的。
impossible通常不以人作主语，而以不定式或从句作主语：
It is impossible for him to help you.
他不可能帮你。
It is impossible that he will help you.
(译文同上)
2.In answer to these questions I either nodded or made strange noises. 作为对这些问题的回答，我不是点头，就是发出奇怪的声音。
(1)in answer to为固定短语，在这里表示“作为对……的回答”：
In answer to my question, Dan shook his head.
作为对我的问题的回答，丹摇了摇头。
这个短语的另一个含义是“响应……的请求”：
In answer to my request, he wrote a letter to George.
应我的请求，他给乔治写了封信。
(2)made strange noises, 发出奇怪的声音。“我”并不是有意发出这些声音，而是因为嘴里有药棉，又想回答医生的话造成的。
3.Meanwhile, my tongue was busy searching out the hole where the tooth had been. 与此同时，我的舌头正在忙着寻找刚拔掉的那颗牙的伤口。
(1)副词meanwhile表示“在此期间”、“与此同时”：
He won't come until ten o'clock. Meanwhile you can have a rest.
他10点以前不会来。在此期间你可以休息一下。
Mary was talking to me about her new dress. Meanwhile I was thinking about something else.
玛丽在和我讲她的新衣服。与此同时我却在想着其他事情。
(2)search out表示“找出”、“查出”、“搜出”等：
Have you searched out the books I needed?
你找出我需要的书了吗?
(3)where the tooth had been用的是过去完成时，因为在描述这件事的时候那颗牙已经不在了。牙齿尚在的时间是“过去的过去”。
4.When the dentist at last removed the cotton wool from my mouth…
当那位牙医最后将药棉从我嘴中取出时……
remove可以表示“拿去”、“除去”、“去掉”，通常结构为“remove +名词+from”;它也可以单独使用：
I've removed that picture from the wall.
我已经把那幅画从墙上拿走了。
Please remove your hat.
请摘下你的帽子。
