Question

高分悬赏：汉译英 翻译！

高分悬赏！对我有帮助的再加分！翻译内容如下：

标枪，作为一种田径项目，是一个比较复杂的多轴性旋转项目，全称应该是：掷标枪 （英文：javelin 、javelin throw）。掷标枪运动具有悠久的历史。在古代，人们就用类似标枪的器具作武器去猎取野兽，后来成为战争的武器。我们可以把它称作：投枪。 投掷标枪作为古代奥运会的正式比赛项目是在公元前708年的第18届古代奥运会，而且属于古代“五项竞技”之一。
现代标枪技术发展的趋势是：第一，提高助跑速度获得更大的动量，即男子助跑速度达到9米，秒，女子达到7—7.5米／秒。第二，加大最后用力距离，缩短用力时间，给标枪以最大的出手出速度。
掷标枪的完整技术包括包括握枪、助跑、最后用力、标枪飞行及缓冲五个部分。助跑又包括预跑段和投掷步段两部分。“交叉步”即倒数第二步，它在完整技术中起着重要作用。交叉步是投掷步技术正确实现的保证，只有节奏合理，才能使正确的投掷步技术得以完善体现，才能进一步体现出投掷步技术的速度特征。构成投掷步的节奏主要与步长、时间有关，它们直接影响到助跑时人体躯干和上肢动作及最后成绩。交叉步的主要作用和任务是通过两腿的积极摆蹬动作，使下肢迅速超越上肢和髋部，使标枪和投掷臂留在身后形成适宜的身体倾斜角，其目的是形成投掷前良好的超越器械动作，使参与投掷的肌群得到预先的拉长，为最后的投掷动作做充分的准备。也就是提高助跑速度，获得更大的动能。
投掷标枪良好的超越器械指的是在助跑的后阶段，身体（尤其是下肢）以更快的速度向前，赶超到标枪的前面，并使腰部更加扭紧，使标枪落在身体的后面，形成下肢在前上体在后的倾斜姿势。最后用力时整个透支标枪技术中的重要部分，要完成这一阶段的技术动作，应尽可能运用较长的最后用力的工作距离。从公式：Ft =mv(F表示作用力，t表示用力时间，m表示标枪质量，v表示出手速度)，可以看出在作用力F一定的情况下，F作用在标枪上的时间t越长，即工作距离越大，器械所获得的动量mv越大；器械质量m是固定不变的，则速度v也越大。要取得长的工作距离，只能力求正确的超越器械。
目前我国优秀标枪运动员下肢环节的积极蹬地前摆欠佳，躯干后倾角度变化幅度小，水平拉引角波动较大，导致身体重心水平速度下降，交叉步与超越器械的结合还不理想，超越器械不充分。与国外运动员还有一定的差距,我国运动员在这方面的技术还有待提高。
因此对标枪运动中交叉步与超越器械连接的研究有着非常重要的意义。

关键字：交叉步；超越器械；连接

希望某位英语达人帮忙！谢谢！

Answer 1

Javelin, as a track and field events, is a more complex multi-axis of rotation project, full name should be: javelin throw (English: javelin, javelin throw). Javelin throw with a long history. In ancient times, people will use a similar apparatus javelin to go hunting wild animals as a weapon, and later became a weapon of war. We can call it: and spears. Javelin throw, as the ancient Olympic Games, an official event in 708 BC, the 18th session of the ancient Olympic Games, but also belong to the ancient "five competitive" one.
Javelin technological development of modern trends are: first, improve the run-up speed of greater momentum, that is, men run-up speeds of up to 9 meters, seconds, and women to reach 7-7.5 m / sec. Second, increase the distance from the final force, reduce force time to dart shot out with the greatest speed.
Javelin throw techniques include the complete gun, including grip, the run, the final push as hard, dart flights and buffer five parts. Run-up also includes the pre-run section and throwing further paragraphs in two parts. "Cross-step" that is the penultimate step, it plays an important role in the full technology. Cross step is to throw the right step techniques to achieve the guarantee, only the rhythm is reasonable, in order to make the correct throw-step techniques to perfect embodiment in order to further reflect the characteristics of throwing speed step technology. Constitute the main rhythm of throwing step and step length, time-related, they directly affect the run-up when the trunk and upper body movements and the final results.
Cross-step the primary role and mission is to tread through the legs of the active pendulum movement, so that quickly overtook the upper and lower extremity hip, so stay in the javelin, and throwing arm behind the body to form the appropriate angle of inclination, which aims to go beyond the formation of throwing a good pre - equipment movements to the muscles involved in throwing a priori to be longer than usual, throwing for the final fully prepared to do. That is, to improve run-up speed, greater kinetic energy.
Javelin throw well beyond the equipment refers to the run-up to a later stage, the body (especially lower limb) to a faster pace forward, catch-up to dart in front, make the waist even more tightly twisted, so that the body falls behind the javelin to form a lower limb in the former upper body posture in the post-tilt. Finally, when the entire force advances an important part of the javelin throw to complete this phase of the technical movement, as far as possible the use of a longer distance of the final work force. From the equation: Ft = mv (F, said forces, t the time, said force, m said that the quality javelin, v said the shot speed), force F can be seen in certain circumstances,
F acting on the time t on the javelin longer, that is, the greater working distance and equipment acquired greater momentum mv; Device Quality m is fixed, then the greater the velocity v. To obtain a long working distance and can only strive to go beyond the right equipment.
At present, China Excellent javelin thrower lower limb segment placed before the positive tread in the poor backward angle variations of the trunk is small, the level of Pull angle fluctuations, lead to physical decline in the focus of the horizontal velocity, cross-step and go beyond the combination of devices is not ideal, beyond the equipment is not sufficient. With foreign athletes, there is a certain gap between China's athletes in this area of technology have to be improved.
Javelin therefore, cross-step and beyond the equipment to connect the study has very important significance.
Keywords: cross-step; beyond the device; Connection