Question

请教高手符合英文语法的翻译，不要金山或谷歌在线译的那种，谢谢

摘要
我国是农业大国，农业、农村和农民问题始终是我国经济社会发展过程中面临的一个大问题，而在现阶段的“三农”问题中，公共物品供需失衡问题尤为突出，这一问题的症结在于我国长期以来实行的自上而下政府主导型的供给模式，在这种供给模式下，农民不能有效地表达自己的需求意愿，从而使得农村公共物品的供给难以与农民的实际需求相契合，因此构建农民公共物品需求表达机制就成为实现农村公共物品供需均衡的关键所在，这也正是本课题研究的出发点和落脚点。
本文共分为四部分：
第一部分，对公共物品需求表达的一般理论进行分析，首先明晰农村公共物品、农民公共物品需求表达、农民公共物品需求表达机制等相关概念以及公共物品需求表达的构成要素，然后详述了公共选择理论与公共物品供给、政治系统论与需求表达的相互关系。
第二部分，深入探讨我国农村公共物品需求的形成机制，首先对我国农村公共物品供需失衡现状进行分析，指出总量失衡、结构失衡、地域失衡问题的严重性迫切需要农民的需求表达，而目前存在的制度化表达无门、无力、无效等问题却严重阻碍着农民的需求表达，无奈之下，农民可能选择非制度化的表达方式，但是，非制度化表达行为具有很大的局限性，不仅影响表达效果，而且威胁到社会稳定，由此，构建农民公共物品需求表达机制势在必行。
第三部分，农民需求表达的结构机制构建，根据伊斯顿的政治系统理论，人们的愿望并不是都能转换为要求输入政治系统，这个过程受到诸多结构因素的调节，这些结构因素对愿望的转换起着抑制或推动的作用，结构位点越多，能够输入系统的要求就越多，由此可见，要想实现农民公共物品需求表达的有效性，足够数量的结构安排和切实有效的结构运作十分关键，因此，在这一部分提出了农民需求表达的结构机制构建，具体措施就是提高农民组织化水平、发展乡村地方自治、开拓制度化需求表达渠道以及规范非制度化需求表达。
第四部分，农民需求表达的文化机制构建，根据伊斯顿的政治系统理论，除了结构因素，愿望的转换同时受到文化规范的影响，政治权利意识、主体意识、思想观念等均属于文化规范的范畴，文化规范引导着社会成员的行为选择，调节着愿望的转换和要求向政治系统的输入，在一定程度上可以说，农民需求表达的文化机制构建比结构机制构建更具本质性，因此，在这一部分提出了农民需求表达的文化机制构建，并主要从培养农民获得公共物品的权利意识、激发农民公共物品自发供给的自觉性这两个方面进行详细阐述。
本文以公共选择理论和政治系统理论为理论工具，并将政治系统理论作为农民公共物品需求表达机制问题研究的分析框架，提出了农民需求表达的结构机制和文化机制构建设想，因此，本文的重心在第三和第四部分。

关键词:农民；公共物品；需求表达

Answer 1

Abstract

   China is a large agricultural country, agriculture, rural areas and farmers has always been the process of economic and social development in China face a big problem, but at this stage of the "three rural" issue, the public goods supply and demand imbalances, especially, the crux of the problem is that our country has long pursued the supply of top-down government-led model, in which modes of supply, the farmers can not effectively express their needs will, allowing the supply of public goods in rural areas difficult to reconcile with the actual needs of the farmers dovetails Therefore, the farmers to build demand for public goods-expression mechanism of the rural public goods has become the key to a balanced supply and demand, which is what this research project the starting point and the end-result.

  This paper is divided into four parts:

  The first part of the demand for public goods analysis of the expression of the general theory, the first clear public goods in rural areas, farmers demand for public goods, the expression of expression mechanism of the farmers demand for public goods, as well as related concepts such as demand for public goods, the expression of the constituent elements, and then details the public choice theory and public goods supply and demand on the expression of the political system of mutual relations.

  The second part, in-depth to explore the needs of China's rural public goods mechanism, first of all pairs of supply and demand imbalance in China's rural public goods analysis of the status quo, pointing out that the total balance, structural imbalances, geographical imbalance in the severity of the urgent need to express the needs of farmers, and the present there is no one to turn expression of the institutionalized, powerless, ineffective and other issues are a serious obstacle to the needs of farmers expression of desperation, farmers may choose to non-institutionalized forms of expression, however, non-institutionalized expression is of great limitations affects not only the expression of results, but also a threat to social stability, thus, build a mechanism to express the farmers demand for public goods is imperative.

   The third part, farmers need to express the structure of the mechanism to build, according to Easton's political systems theory, people's wishes are not able to convert asked to enter the political system, this process is affected by the regulation of a number of structural factors, these structural factors on the desire to inhibit or promote conversion plays a role, structure sites more able to enter the system requirements the more we can see that, in order to achieve the needs of the farmers expressed the effectiveness of public goods, a sufficient number of structural arrangements and effective structure of operation is crucial, therefore, in this part of the proposed structural mechanisms expressed by the farmers to build demand for concrete measures is to increase the level of farmer organizations, the development of rural local self-government, open up channels of expression, as well as institutional demand for non-institutional requirements specification expression.

   The fourth part, farmer demand for the expression of cultural mechanisms to build, according to Easton's political systems theory, in addition to structural factors, by the desire to convert the same time, the impact of cultural norms, political rights awareness, subjective consciousness, ideas, Deng Jun of a cultural norm areas, cultural norms that guide the behavior of members of society choose to regulate the conversion of the aspirations and demands of the political system, the input, to a certain extent, can be said that the farmers to build demand for the expression of cultural mechanisms to build more than a mechanism intrinsic to the structure, therefore, In this part of the proposed mechanism for the farmers to build demand for cultural expression, and are mainly farmers from cultivating awareness of their rights of access to public goods to stimulate the supply of peasant self-consciousness of public goods these two aspects in detail