英语中的虚拟语气是什么意思?
虚拟语气的拿陪本质是假设。
假设分为可能性大的假设(真实条件句)和可能性小的假设(非真实条件句——虚拟语气)。
英语使用真实时态表达真实条件句,英语使用非真实时态表达非真实条件句——虚拟语气。
例句:猜搏
1. You can get all the nutrition you need for much less money if you shop carefully.
如果你仔细购物,你可以用更少的钱得到你需要的所有营养。——真实条件句
2. If I were a bird, I would fly to you.
如果我是一只鸟,我就飞到你身边。——非真实条件句
英语表达虚拟的方式是时间穗敏祥提前,即用谓语的过去形表达虚拟,即:用过去表达现在,用过去的过去表达过去。
虚拟语气的本质也是委婉。
以上就是英语虚拟语气思维的核心。 关于虚拟语气更细致的内容请参考百家号专栏【英语思维:10小时建立完美英语语法体系】
虚拟语气,通过位于动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的虚拟语气分为陈述语气,祈使语气,虚拟语气三族型笑类。
如:If I were a bird,I would be able to fly in a air.
如果我是只鸟,租码我就能在空中飞行。 事实是我并不可能变成一只鸟。
command)、三个建议(advise,
suggest,
propose)、四个要求(demand,
require,
request,
ask)”,这类虚拟语气由“should+动词原形”构成
如下:
I
insisted
that
he
(should)
stay.
我坚持要他留下。
The
doctor
advised
that
he
change
his
job.
医生劝他换工作。
注:动词insist,
suggest后接宾语从句时,除可用虚拟语气外,也可用陈述滚晌语气,两者的区别是:若从句内容尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气;若从句内容已经成为事实,则用陈述语气。
2)wish有时也有这一用法,如:
要表示与现在胡毕事实相反的愿望,从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时,表示与过去相反的愿望,从句谓语用过去完成时或would
/
could+have
+过去分词,表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would
(could)+动词原形。如:
I
wish
he
were
more
careful.
你是你更仔细点就好了。
I
wish
I
hadn’t
said
that.
我要是没有说那话就好了。
I
wish
I
could
speak
your
language.
但愿我能讲你们国家的话。
3)
还有,if
only
与
I
wish一样,也用于表示与事实相反的愿望,其后所虚拟语气的时态与
wish后所接时态的情况相同。如:
If
only
I
weren't
so
nervous.
但愿我不这样紧张。
4)另外,
以as
if
(as
though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句,有时用虚拟语气,若表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;若表示与过去事实相反,用过去完成时;表示将来的可能性不大,用would
(might,
could)+动词原形。如:
I
love
you
as
if
you
were
my
son.
我爱你就像你是我的儿子。
注:若从句所内容可能为事实,也可用陈述语气。如:
t
seems
as
if
we
shall
have
to
walk.
似乎我们得步行了。
5)would
rather(注意,这个常用哦)
通常用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望,用过去完成时表过去的愿望。如:
I’d
rather
you
didn't
do
it.
你宁愿你别这样做。
在中文里,虚拟即有假定的意味。请这样理解,虚拟语气就是假定语气,用作假定事实。而假定的事实有4种情况:
纯假定(不涉及任何时态变化): If he is here, i will tell him. 主句助动词和if从句动词都用一般时(will/is,注:will为助动词一般时),除should比较特殊,纯假定中用should,表"应该")
与老烂轮现在事实相反的假定: if从句时态往前推一个时段(现在→过去),主句用:助动词过去式+加动词原形 If he tried hard, he would succeed.(if从句中若为be动词用were)
与过去事实相反的假定: if从句时态往前推一个时段(过去→过去完成),主句用: 助动词过去式+have+动词过去分词. If he had tried hard, he would have succeeded.
与将来事实相反的假定: if从句用Should do,主句用助动词现在时历携/助动词过去式+动词侍信原形. If he should try hard, he would/will succeed
希望能帮到您!
凯裂 搞定虚拟语气大总结
宴孙扰 老师叮咛:想要提高阅读理解,词汇量是关键!下面的11个例句都是历年真题中最常出现的、最值得同学们优先理解的虚拟语气考点!经过了全网首席高考英语名师李辉老师团队高度认真的整理校对,无错、可信!可供全国各省高中生打印、学习、背诵!
辉哥说:请记住,语法=语义,语法不同的背后是意思不一样。英语的语法是由意思所决定的,是否使用虚拟语气取决于意思而不取决于有什么短语或者提醒词。如果一句话不是真实的(不存在于真实的世界中),而是你虚拟出来的(只存在于你的脑海中), 这句话就要用虚拟语气来表达。
1.虚拟条件句
①现在
If I had time,I would go to shanxi to see the 11th National Games.
如果我有时间,我就会去陕西看第十四届全运会。
从句谓语形式:动 词 的 过 去 式 (be 用 were)
口诀:主过从过
②过去
If it had not rained so heavily yesterday,we would have watch Mulan.
昨天如果没下大雨的话,我们就看了《花木兰》了。
从句谓语形式:had + 过去分词
口诀:主过完从过完
③将来
If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow,we would change our plan.
如果明天下雨了,我们就更改计划。
从句谓语形式:动 词 的 过 去 式 /should + 动词原形 / were to+ 动词原形
口诀:主过将从should / were to
注意:虚拟语气的世界里没有 was
④错综时间条件句
If I had followed the father’s advice,I would be quite all right now.
如果我当时听爸爸的话,我现在就会好了。(从句说过去,主句说明现在,从句和主
句的形式与各自时态的条件句一致)
2.命令类
I suggested that she(should)visit her parents.
我建议她应该看看她的父母。
表达和建议、要求、命令、主张等含义相关的名词性从句,一律用主语+should+动词原形(should可以省略)结构。具体涉及到这些动词以及它们的名词形式:
一坚持:insist(表要求时才用虚拟语气)
二命令:order, command
三要求:require, request, demand
四建议:suggest, advise, propose, recommend
3.虚拟语气用在状语从句中的应用
①as if / as though 仿佛/好像 从句谓语使用虚拟语气,降时态
He talks as if he knew all about it.
他说起来好像知道这件事的全部一样。
②It’s high/about time that+定语从句 从句谓语使用过去式或者should+原形
It’s high time that we discussed/should discuss who to do it.
我们是时候去讨论一下谁来做这件事了。
③even if / even though 尽管 从句谓语使用虚拟语气,降时态
Even though she had been here very soon,she would not catch the plane.
尽管她很快就到晌旦这儿,她也赶不上飞机。
4. wish /if only 如果...就好了
If only I were an adult.如果我是成年人就好了。
I wish she could love me. 如果她爱我就好了。
5.should / would like to have done,was/were to have done,was/were supposed to have done,had better have done,would/had rather have done等结构表示“本想、本该做而未做成”。
I would like to have gone with you,but I have no time.
我本来想和你一起走,但没有时间。
例题:
1.【2015·江苏】It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule.
A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I known
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析:句意:如果我早知道日程安排,可能会省去我一些麻烦。根据题干中might have saved可知主句是对过去的虚拟,从句应用if I had known与主句保持一致。if虚拟条件句中含有had时,可将if省去,同时将had提前构成倒装结构。故选D项。虚拟语气重要做题原则:根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间, 一般要保持一致,但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。另外,当 if 条件句中含有助动词 had,should 或 were 时, 可以省略 if,而将 had, should 或 were提到句首,从而构成倒装虚拟条件句。
2.【2018·江苏】There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become more involved.
A. had B. will have C. would have had D. have had
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:在这个村里有很好的社交生活,并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句,表示与现在事实相反的愿望,所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。
3.【2018·北京】They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.
A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果他们多开几公里的话,他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知,该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers是条件句部分,表示对过去的虚拟,条件句部分要用过去完成时态,故D选项正确。
4.【2018·天津】If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught B. caught C. have caught D. would catch
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话,现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知,从句表示与过去事实相反,故用had+v-ed。故选A。
5.【2017·北京卷】34. If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.
A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put
【答案】A
【解析】主句是对过去的虚拟。
6.【2015·陕西】Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I as well as her.
A. dance B. will dance C. had danced D. danced
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析:句意:Ellen是一个很棒的舞蹈演员。但愿我能和她跳得一样好。I wish“但愿”后面接宾语从句用虚拟语气,和现在相反用一般过去时,所以选C。
7.【2014·重庆卷】It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _______ it?
A. had done B. have done C. did D. am doing
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析:题意:John打坏了窗户,为什么跟“我”谈话?好像是“我”打坏了窗户似的。题中broke表明“打坏窗户”发生在“过去”。as if/though后面的从句用had done表示对“过去”的虚拟。故A项正确。
8.【2014·福建卷】 no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
A. Were there B. Had there been C .If there are D. If there have been
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析:对现在情况的虚拟,条件句中用一般过去时,主句用 would/ should/ might/ could +动词原形。虚拟条件句中有had, should, were时,可以将if去掉,然后把had, should, were提到主语前面。所以选A。句意:如果没有现代的通信,我们将会等上几周的时间才能得到来自世界的新闻。
9.【2014·湖南卷】If Mr. Dewey _____ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to
the people there.
A. were B. had been C. should be D. was
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析:考查虚拟语气用法。本题考查的是if条件从句与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,故从句用had +v-ed,主句用would/could/should/might+v-ed。句意:如果Dewey先生在场的话,他会提供那里人们的任何可能的帮助。故B正确。