Question

帮忙写一段英文冼星海的介绍！谢谢，短一些就好！

Answer 1

Xian Xinghai

Xian Xinghai (June 13, 1905 – October 30, 1945) (Chinese: 冼星海; pinyin: Xiǎn Xīnghăi) was a Chinese composer. He is best known for his Yellow River Cantata, upon which was based the Yellow River Concerto for piano and orchestra (arranged by Yin Chengzong).

Born in Panyu (Chinese: 番禺; Pinyin: Panyu) into a family of a poor sailor, Xian started learning clarinet in 1918 at the YMCA charity school attached to the Lingnan University. In 1926, he joined the National Music Institute at Beijing University to study music. In 1928, he entered Shanghai National Music Conservatory to study violin and piano, and in the same year, he published his well-known essay, The Universal Music. In 1929, Xian went to Paris and, in 1931, he was admitted to the Paris Conservatory to study composition. While there he studied both with Vincent D'Indy and Paul Dukas. During this period, he composed Wind, Song of a Wanderer, Violin Sonata in D Minor, and other works.

Xian returned to China in 1935. During the Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945), Xian composed vocal works that encouraged and motivated the people to fight the Japanese invaders, and the works included Saving the Nation, Non-Resistance the Only Fear, Song of Guerrillas, The Roads Are Opened by Us, The Vast Siberia, Children of the Motherland, Go to the Homefront of the Enemy, On the Taihang Mountains as well as others. In 1938, he assumed the position of dean in the Department of Music at Lu Xun Institute of Arts in Yan'an. In his spare time, he composed the famous Yellow River Cantata and Production Cantata.

In 1940, Xian went to the Soviet Union to compose for the documentary film Yan'an And the Eighth Route Army. Before departure, Mao Zedong invited him to dinner. In 1941, the German invasion of the Soviet Union started and disrupted his composition. He attempted to go back to China by the way of Xinjiang, but the local anti-communist warlord, Sheng Shicai, blocked the way, and Xian got stranded in Alma Ata, Kazakhstan, and it was here that Xian composed symphonies Liberation of the Nation and Sacred War, the suite Red All Over the River and Chinese Rhapsody for winds and strings. He developed pulmonary tuberculosis due to long-time overwork and malnutrition. After the war, Xian went back to Moscow for medical treatment, but he was not completely cured, and he died in October of 1945 in the hospital in the Moscow Kremlin at the age of 40.

Xian composed over 300 works. In addition, he also published 35 papers, including Nie Er--the Creator of New Chinese Music and On the National Styles of Chinese Music. His influence in Chinese music won him the title People's Composer.

During the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) when all Western art was forbidden in China, the pianist Yin Chengzong arranged the Yellow River Cantata into a concerto for piano and orchestra, the Yellow River Concerto (1969).

After China opened its door to the world in late 1970s, Yin planned to resume the performance of the concerto. There was a debate whether the melody of The East Is Red, which Yin had merged into the concerto, should be removed. At the end, it was decided that the work itself was a cultural legacy of the time when it was created, and the melody reminds listeners of that period and creates a unique sense of history. So the work remains intact as it was originally arranged.

Beginning in the 1970s, the Yellow River Concerto has been heard in the West, often performed by Yin Chengzong himself.

Answer 2

冼星海（1905━1945），中国近现代伟大的音乐家。他原籍广东番禺，生于澳门一个贫苦船工的家庭，未诞生前父亲即已去世。7岁时，他与母亲侨居马来亚谋生，在新加坡养正学校上学，期间参加该校管弦乐队的活动。1918年，他回国入岭南大学附中学习小提琴，1926年后入北大音乐传习所、国立艺专音乐系学习。1928年，进上海国立音专学小提琴和钢琴，并发表了著名的音乐短论《普遍的音乐》。1929年，冼星海去巴黎勤工俭学，师从著名提琴家帕尼·奥别多菲尔和著名作曲家保罗·杜卡，1931年考入巴黎音乐学院在肖拉·康托鲁姆作曲班学习。留法期间，创作了《风》《游子吟》《d小调小提琴奏鸣曲》等十余首作品。1935年回国后，冼星海积极参加抗日救亡运动，创作了大量战斗性的群众歌曲，并为进步影片《壮志凌云》《青年进行曲》，话剧《复活》《大雷雨》等谱写音乐。抗战开始后，他参加上海救亡演剧二队，后去武汉与张曙一起负责开展救亡歌咏运动。1935年至1938年间，创作了《救国军歌》《只怕不抵抗》《游击军歌》《路是我们开》《茫茫的西伯利亚》《祖国的孩子们》《到敌人后方去》《在太行山上》等各种类型的声乐作品。1938年，冼星海前往延安担任鲁迅艺术学院音乐系主任，并在“女大”兼课。教学之余，创作了不朽名作《黄河大合唱》和《生产大合唱》等作品。1940年5月，他去苏联为大型纪录片《延安与八路军》配乐，后因战争、交通阻隔而羁留不归。其间，他写有交响曲《民族解放》《神圣之战》，管弦乐组曲《满江红》，管弦乐《中国狂想曲》以及小提琴曲《郭治尔━比戴》等，现已收集到他的作品近三百件；此外，还写了《聂耳━━中国新兴音乐的创造者》《论中国音乐的民族形式》等大量音乐论文，已发表的有35篇。由于长期劳累和营养不良，致使肺病加重，1945年于莫斯科病逝。