Question

高手翻译，高分悬赏，要快啊！（4）

PDOFS Structural dynamics is simple: Leadership for deploying and complying with PDOFS practices is from the upper levels (level 4) down to level 1. Education and Training follows the same route in cascade; Accountability, on the other hand is from the bottom up and results in achieving goals and objectives is a natural consequence of the dynamics of the process when in compliance.
Effective training requires evaluation for the instructor and attendants. Training participants have to evaluate teaching, document, lecturer, and others in order that the result of evaluation can be further used to improve effectiveness in teaching. In addition, the participants are required to perform a test after completion of the training course to ensure that employees are knowledgeable and understand in real practice.

The following table summarizes the impact of each PDOFS process on the leading and lagging KPIs, which basically shows that every PDOFS process has an impact on the overall KPIs:

KPI PKP LLP CFP TQP VPP CIP SWP ETP
Leading/Operational KPIs Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE)
Output Rate (OR)
On-Time Delivery (OTD)
Production Cycle Time (PCT)
Finished Goods Inventory (FGI)
Throughput Cycle Time (TCT)
Raw Materials Inventory (RMI)
Materials Yield (MY)
Lagging/Business KPIs Throughput (T)
Inventory (I)
Operating Expenses (OE)
Productivity (P)
Operating Income (OI)
Operating Cash Flow (OCF)
Return on Investment (ROI)

To finalize your reading and understanding of the Lean Enterprise System, we just would like to mention that PDOFS is a set of processes, practices and tools; listed below you will find a few examples:

Practices & Routines:
 War Room (Enterprise Metrics Review Process).
 Bottleneck Management (Identifying & Managing Constraints).
 Radar Meetings (Sales, Scheduling & Operations Meetings).
 Annual Enterprise Audits.
 etc.

Tools:
 DMAIC (Problem Solving Technique).
 SMED (Single Minute Exchange Die – Rapid Changeover).
 Engineering Weekly Plan.
 5S (Organization & Housekeeping).
 TPM (Total Productive Maintenance).
 etc.
是有关管理的翻译，我的英语也错，所以别打算用机译来懵我！

Answer 1

PDOFS Structural dynamics is simple: Leadership for deploying and complying with PDOFS practices is from the upper levels (level 4) down to level 1. Education and Training follows the same route in cascade; Accountability, on the other hand is from the bottom up and results in achieving goals and objectives is a natural consequence of the dynamics of the process when in compliance.
主自由度（PDOFs）的结构动态是简单的：应用与遵守PDOF的实践方法的领导方式是从高（4级）至下（1级）。教育与培训也是按串级排列使用相同方式。至于‘问责制’却是由下向上，按此方式推行，整体目标的实现是流程动力学的必然结果。

Effective training requires evaluation for the instructor and attendants. Training participants have to evaluate teaching, document, lecturer, and others in order that the result of evaluation can be further used to improve effectiveness in teaching. In addition, the participants are required to perform a test after completion of the training course to ensure that employees are knowledgeable and understand in real practice.
要得到有效的培训，需要对培训与受训者进行评估。培训的参与者必须评估教学、文件、讲师及其他情况，以便将评估的结果用于改进教学的有效性。另外，受训者完成培训课程后需要接受一项测试，确保员工通晓及明白具体实践的工作。

The following table summarizes the impact of each PDOFS process on the leading and lagging KPIs, which basically shows that every PDOFS process has an impact on the overall KPIs:
下列的表格总结每个PDOF流程对提前及落后的关键业绩指标（KPIs）的影响，基本上，每个PDOF流程对总体的关键业绩指标（KPIs）都有一定的影响。

KPI PKP LLP CFP TQP VPP CIP SWP ETP
Leading/Operational KPIs Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE)
领先/运营KPIs 的 设备综合效率
Output Rate (OR) 产率
On-Time Delivery (OTD) 准时交货
Production Cycle Time (PCT) 生产周期
Finished Goods Inventory (FGI) 制成品库存
Throughput Cycle Time (TCT) 进出量周期
Raw Materials Inventory (RMI) 原材料库存
Materials Yield (MY) 材料产出率
Lagging/Business KPIs Throughput (T) 落后/业务KPIs的生产能力
Inventory (I) 库存
Operating Expenses (OE) 营业费用
Productivity (P) 生产率
Operating Income (OI) 营业收入
Operating Cash Flow (OCF) 营业现金流
Return on Investment (ROI) 投资收益率

To finalize your reading and understanding of the Lean Enterprise System, we just would like to mention that PDOFS is a set of processes, practices and tools; listed below you will find a few examples:
为审定您的阅读与了解这‘节约企业制度’，我们想说PDOFs是一套流程、实践方法及工具，下列的是几个例子：

Practices & Routines:
War Room (Enterprise Metrics Review Process).
Bottleneck Management (Identifying & Managing Constraints).
Radar Meetings (Sales, Scheduling & Operations Meetings).
Annual Enterprise Audits.etc.
实践与例行工作
作战室（企业度量审核过程）
瓶颈管理（识别及管理限制）
雷达会议（销售、调度及营运会议）
企业年度审计，等等

Tools:
DMAIC (Problem Solving Technique).
SMED (Single Minute Exchange Die – Rapid Changeover).
Engineering Weekly Plan.
5S (Organization & Housekeeping).
TPM (Total Productive Maintenance)，etc.
工具：
DMAIC（问题解决技术）
SMED（一分钟更换模具-快速转换）
工程部每周计划
5S 组织工作及内务处理
TPM（全面成效性养护），等等

注：PDOFs是Primary Degree of Freedoms的缩写，有时也称为 Master Degree of Freedoms.
(主自由度)。

Answer 2

PDOFS结构动力学很简单：部署和PDOFS遵守惯例，领导是由上级（4级）到1级。教育和培训遵循同样的路线串联，问责另一方面，从下到上和实现目标和目的的结果，更是一项进程的动态时，在遵守的自然结果。
有效的培训需要的教师和工作人员的评价。参加培训的有教学评估，文件，讲师，为了使评价结果可以用于进一步改善教学效果等。此外，
参加者需要执行后的培训课程完成了测试，以确保员工的知识和理解现实的做法。

下表总结了每个PDOFS过程的影响主要表现指标和滞后，基本上可见每一PDOFS进程有一个整体的表现指标的影响：
KPI的穿透性角膜移植律师事务所资格认证TQP交流在线总督察SWP系列ETP
领导/业务KPI的整体设备效率（OEE的）
输出率（或）
准时交货二胺（OTD）
生产周期的时间（厘）
产成品存货（产成品）
吞吐量周期时间（大老山隧道）
原材料库存（简称RMI）
材料产量（我的）
落后/业务KPI的吞吐量（翻译）
存货（一）
营业费用（OE）的
生产力（规划）
经营收入（其他投资）
营运现金流（欧文斯科宁）
投资回报率（ROI）
以完成您的阅读和精益企业制度的了解，我们只是想指出，PDOFS是一个过程，做法和工具，你会发现以下几个例子所示：

实践与套路：
作战室（企业计量审查程序）。
瓶颈管理（辨认及管理约束）。
雷达会议（销售，调度和运营会议）。
年度企业审计。
等
工具：
DMAIC的（解决问题技术）。
快速切换（一分钟交易所模具 - 快速换）。
工程每周计划。
5秒（组织和家务）。
的TPM（全员生产维护）。
等

希望能够帮到你！(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……