Question

定语从句和同位语从句的区别

Answer 1

同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别
同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面:
1.
从词类上区别
同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词?而定语从句的先行词可以是名词?代词?主句的一部分或是整个主句?如:
The
possibility
that
the
majority
of
the
labour
force
will
work
at
home
is
often
discussed.人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性?(同位语从句)
We
are
not
looking
into
the
question
whether
he
is
worth
trusting.
我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的问题?(同位语从句)
Word
came
that
he
had
been
abroad.
据说他已经出国了?(同位语从句)
Our
team
has
won
the
game,
which
made
us
very
happy.
我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴?(定语从句)
The
doctor
whom
you
are
looking
for
is
in
the
room.
你找的那位医生在房间里面?(定语从句)
His
mother
did
all
she
could
to
help
him
with
his
study.
他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助他的学习?(定语从句,代词all作先行词?)
2.
从性质上区别
定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴?如:
The
news
that
our
team
has
won
the
game
was
true.
我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的?(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息?)
The
news
that
he
told
me
yesterday
was
true.
昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的?(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语?)
I
made
a
promise
that
if
anyone
set
me
free
I
would
make
him
very
rich.
我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有?(同位语从句,补充说明promise到底是一个什么诺言?)
The
mother
made
a
promise
that
pleased
all
her
children.
妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺?(定语从句,promise在从句中作pleased的主语?)
3.
从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别
有些引导词如how,
whether,
what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句?如:
That
question
whether
we
need
it
has
not
been
considered.
我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑?(同位语从句)
I
have
no
idea
what
has
happened
to
him.
我不知道他发生了什么事?(同位语从句)
引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略?that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替?如:
The
order
that
we
should
send
a
few
people
to
help
the
other
groups
was
received
yesterday.
我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了?(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略?)
The
order
that
we
received
yesterday
was
that
we
should
send
a
few
people
to
help
the
other
groups.
我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组?(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略?)

Answer 2

从句子的形式上来看，同位语从句和定语从句非常相似，都可以由连词that来引导。但是that在同位语从句与定语从句中的作用和功能都是不同的。

Answer 3

• 和先行词的关系不同。同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，二者是同位关系;定语从句修饰限定先行词，二者是修饰关系。
  The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.
  他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国.
  (第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)
  The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.
  汤姆要出国的消息是他讲的.
  (同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)

• 定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，作宾语时经常被省略。同位语从句主要有连词that引导，在从句中不担当成分，也可由when、where、who、how、what、whether等连词引导，这些连词在从句中担当成分。
  The news that he told me is true.(定语从句)
  他告诉我的消息是真的。
  The news that he will come back is true.(同位语从句)
  他将要回来的那个消息是真的。

• 同位语从句和先行词可以用be动词发展成为一个完整的句子，而定语从句不能。
  The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to all. (同位语从句)
  地球围绕太阳转，这个事实人人皆知。
  The fact is that the earth moves around the sun. (定语从句)

Answer 4

不做实际意义的就是同位语

Answer 5

引用黑白调子喵的回答：
同位语从句中连接词that在从句中不作句子成分，也没有词汇含义，只起连接作用，其作用大致相当于一个冒号；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，且在句中充当句子的成分。
具体区别如下：
1、 被修饰的词不同：同位语从句的前面一般是数量有限的、表示抽象意义的名词；而定语从句的先行词是无数的指人或物名词。
例子：
Word came that he had been abroad.（同位语从句）
这个消息传来，他在国外。
Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.（定语从句）
队伍的取得胜利使我们高兴。
2. 从句的作用不同：同位语从句表示同位名词的具体内容，而定语从句是对先行词的限制、描绘或说明。
例子：
The news that our team has won the game was true. （同位语从句）
我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。
The news that he told me yesterday was true.（定语从句）
昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。
3. 引导词不同：what, how, whether等不能用引导定语从句，但可用于引导同位从句。
例子：
That question whether we need it has not been considered.（同位语从句）
我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。
The order hat we received yesterday was that we hould send a few people to help the other groups.（定语从句）
我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了。
4. 引导词的作用不同：引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that为关系代词，在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
例子：
The news that got around the town made people happy.（定语从句）
我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴
The news that he came back made people happy.(同位语从句）
他回来的消息让人们感到很高兴。

5. 判定定语从句和同位语从句的方法：由于同位语从句是用以说明被修饰名词的具体内容的，所它可以转换同位名词的表语；而定语从句则不能作这种转换。
例子：
At the first day, I booked a kind of magazine that Tom had recommended to me.（定语从句）
在第一天，我在读汤姆推荐我的杂志。
he fact can`t be accepted by the fans that we lost the swimming game .（同位语从句）
因为他放不下架子，所以我们输了游泳比赛。

最后一句例句应该是 The fact can't be …swimming game .