Question

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心理原因——焦虑症
罗德瑞克所表现出来的极端的恐惧可以称之为一种焦虑。按照弗洛伊德的理论， 首先， 它是一种普的顾虑，一种“ 自由漂浮， 无固定目标” 的焦虑不安， 很容易附着于任何思想之上，影响人的判断力，甚可以引起人的期望心，可以称之为期望的恐惧或是焦虑的期望。患有这种焦虑的人常常为种种可能灾难忧虑，将每一件偶然发生或不确定的事都解释为不祥之兆。根据弗洛伊德关于焦虑的精神分
理论，焦虑的心理基础正是人性中的原欲。因为某种原欲得不到满足，于是转而成为对这种阻碍原欲足的现实感到恐惧和焦虑， 而当原欲因为某种原因无法储存或个人无法承受原欲长久得不到满足的况发生时， 原欲就会转为焦虑来求得发泄， 这类焦虑所带来的恐惧可以附着于任何事物和情境。人类在儿童时期， 总期望看见亲爱而熟悉的面孔，一旦看不见或失去其所爱的对象，便利用恐惧来代外在对象或情境。这是人的一种原欲， 并会被一直带人成年时期。罗德瑞克便患有这种焦虑和它导致的恐惧症。随着古老的厄舍家族逐渐湮灭，厄舍兄妹成了这个家族仅存的两人， 没有任何其他熟和亲切的家人或朋友，这项原欲的无法满足让年轻的罗德瑞克患上了焦虑症，变得敏感而忧心忡忡。对于食物气味和衣物材料近乎变态的敏感、 认定石头等无生命的东西也是有感觉的、 聆听空气中并不在的声音、 由听故事而臆想出的幻觉等都是他恐惧心理的外在表现， 或说是焦虑的种种症状，一直居住和生活的祖传古屋， 古屋外部的周围环境、石头、树木、水潭在罗德瑞克的眼中都幻变成危险和恶的化身 无时无刻不在威胁着他， 折磨着他脆弱的神经。恐惧根植于他内心深处的焦虑。罗德瑞克之所以写信给“ 我” 这个多年未见的儿时玩伴， 是因为“ 我” 能带给他儿时的美好记忆，让他 感受到幼年时有家人关心爱护、 有朋友做伴玩耍这种由熟悉所提供的安全感。那时的他还没有这样的 焦虑， 因而当“ 我”多年之后再次见到罗德瑞克的时候会感到他的神情相貌发生了令人吃惊的变化，这都是由于他长期忍受着焦虑症的折磨。随着家庭情况的变化，妹妹玛德琳患上了让医生也束手无策的怪 病， 看着世上唯一的亲人日渐憔悴衰弱下去，罗德瑞克的焦虑更是进一步加重， 他已濒临崩溃的边缘。由于焦虑所引起的恐惧已经因原欲的不能满足而被投射到了外在的现实世界，一草一木一石在他眼中都变得狰狞恐怖。罗德瑞克最终被自己的焦虑逼得亲手将妹妹玛德琳活埋，其实他自己也做好了迎接死亡的心理准备， 他一直倾听， 等待着死亡那个最终时刻的到来。

Answer 1

Psychological causes - anxiety disorders
Rodrik has shown extreme fear can be called a kind of anxiety. In accordance with Freud's theory, first of all, it is a S & P's concerns, a "free-floating, without a fixed target" of anxiety, it is easy to attach to any ideology above affect people's judgment, and even can cause people's expectations of hearts, you can call it fear or anxiety of the desired expectations. People suffering from this anxiety is often a disaster for every possible concern, each an accidental or uncertain things are interpreted as ominous. According to the spirit of Freud on the anxiety sub -
Theory, anxiety is the psychological foundation of human nature was originally inclined. For some of the original wishes are not met, then turn into such obstacles was originally inclined to feel the full reality of fear and anxiety, and when the former want to for some reason can not be saved or individuals can not afford the original For a long time not met situation occurs, the original will want to vent their anxiety to seek this type of anxiety caused by fear of things and can be attached to any situation. Humanity in childhood, expect to see the beloved and familiar faces, if they can not see or loss of love object, then the use of fear on behalf of the external object or situation. This is a man of desire, and will be always lead people to adulthood. Rodrik be suffering from this anxiety and it leads to fear of disease. As the ancient family of the gradual annihilation Usher, Usher siblings has become the family's only two people, there is no other familiar and cordial family member or friend can not satisfy the original wishes of the Rodrik younger suffering from anxiety disorders, have become sensitive and worried. For the smell of food and clothing materials, almost abnormal sensitivity, found stones and other non-living things also have feelings, and listen to the voices not in the air, from listening to stories and imaginary hallucinations are all out of his fear of the external performance, or should we say all the symptoms of anxiety, has been living and life ancestral historic houses, historic houses in the external surroundings, stones, trees, pools in Rodrik's eyes are dangerous and evil magic to become the embodiment of all the time is not threatened him, tortured him fragile nerves. Fear is rooted in the depths of his inner anxiety. Rodrik reason to write to "I" is not seen in years, childhood playmates, because "I" can bring happy memories of his childhood, so he felt an early age when his family concern and care, have a friend who keep company to play this kinds provided by the familiar sense of security. At that time he has no such anxiety, so when the "I" again after many years to see Rodrik will feel when he looks look startling changes have taken place, this is because of his long-enduring the torture of anxiety disorders . With the changes in family circumstances, her sister Madeleine allow doctors suffering from strange diseases and helpless, looking at the world's only relatives increasingly haggard rot, Rodrik is further aggravated the anxiety that he had the verge of collapse. As the anxiety caused by fear has been a result of desire does not meet the original has been projected onto the external real world, plants and trees a stone in his eyes have become hideous terror. Rodrik eventually forced his hand will be the anxiety of his sister Madeleine buried alive, in fact, he himself is well prepared to meet death, he has been listening, waiting for that final moment of death's arrival.

Answer 2

Psychological causes - anxiety disorders
Rodrik has shown extreme fear can be called a kind of anxiety. In accordance with Freud's theory, first of all, it is a S & P's concerns, a "free-floating, without a fixed target" of anxiety, it is easy to attach to any ideology above affect people's judgment, and even can cause people's expectations of hearts, you can call the desired expectations of fear or anxiety. Often suffering from such anxiety may be a disaster for all concerned, each an accidental or uncertain things are interpreted as ominous. According to the spirit of Freud on the anxiety sub -
Theory, anxiety is the psychological foundation of human nature was originally inclined. For some of the original wishes are not met, then turn into such obstacles was originally inclined to feel the full reality of fear and anxiety, and when the former want to for some reason can not be saved or individuals can not afford the original For a long time not met situation occurs, the original will want to vent their anxiety to seek this type of anxiety caused by fear of things and can be attached to any situation. Humanity in childhood, expect to see the beloved and familiar faces, if they can not see or loss of love object, then the use of fear on behalf of the external object or situation. This is an original who desire
And will be always lead people to adulthood. Rodrik be suffering from this anxiety and it leads to fear of disease. As the ancient family of the gradual annihilation Usher, Usher siblings has become the family's only two people, there is no other familiar and cordial family member or friend can not satisfy the original wishes of the Rodrik younger suffering from anxiety disorders, have become sensitive and worried. For the smell of food and clothing materials, almost abnormal sensitivity, found stones and other non-living things also have feelings, and listen to the voices not in the air, from listening to stories and conjecture are all illusion out of the external manifestations of his fear of
, Or should we say all the symptoms of anxiety, has been living and life ancestral historic houses, historic houses in the external surroundings, stones, trees, pools in Rodrik's eyes are dangerous and evil magic to become the embodiment of all the time is not threatening him, tormented his fragile nerves. Fear is rooted in the depths of his inner anxiety. Rodrik reason to write to "I" is not seen in years, childhood playmates, because "I" can bring happy memories of his childhood, so he felt an early age when his family concern and care, have a friend who keep company to play this
Kinds provided by the familiar sense of security. At that time he has no such anxiety, so when the "I" again after many years to see Rodrik will feel when he looks look startling changes have taken place, this is because of his long-enduring the torture of anxiety disorders . With the change in family circumstances, sister Madeleine allow doctors suffering from strange diseases and helpless, watching the world's only relatives increasingly haggard rot, Rodrik's anxiety is further aggravated, he on the verge of collapse. As the anxiety caused by fear has been a result of desire does not meet the original has been projected onto the external real world,
Plants and trees a stone in his eyes have become hideous terror. Rodrik eventually forced his hand will be the anxiety of his sister Madeleine buried alive, in fact, he himself is well prepared to meet death, he has been listening, waiting for that final moment of death's arrival.

Answer 3

absolutely identical ??