Question

飞机飞行原理

Answer 1

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Actually
the plane applied the Bernoulli’s Principle The following is the detail... Wings We shall start by looking at a wing cross-section designed as it was meant to be used - to produce lift on an aeroplane. As the wing moves through the air it splits the air into o streams. One stream travels over the wing and one travels under the wing. Because of the way the wing is shaped
the distance across the top of the wind is greater than the distance across the bottom of the wing. This causes the air flowing over the wing to move faster than the air flowing under it. As we have seen above
Bernoulli’s equation states that a faster moving fluid has a lower pressure than a slower moving one. This me that the faster moving air above the wing has a lower pressure than the air flowing under it. This pressure difference causes the wing to move towards the area of low pressure i.e. in an upwards direction. This phenomenon is known as lift and this is what keeps planes from falling from the sky. The lift on a wing is proportional to its’ area - the larger the area
the more lift is produced. An inverted wing is used on racing cars. An inverted wing is basically a standard wing fitted upside-down. This me that the lift that is produced is in the opposite direction to a standard wing - this type of lift is known as ‘negative lift’
otherwise known as downforce. This downforce forces the car onto the road which in turn forces the tyres down onto the road with a lot more force than the weight of the car alone. The grip that tyres can produce increases roughly in a linear manner with increasing load (downforce in this case). Therefore with the increase in downforce
the load on the tyres increases meaning that the grip the tyres have is increased proportionately. This allows the drivers to go faster around corners than in a car without the downforce and produces significant time savings. Usually
o wings are used - one at the rear and one at the front. This is done to balance the forces so that the grip is roughly equal at both ends of the car otherwise the handling of the car would be terrible
especially at higher speeds when maximum downforce is achieved.
参考: forumula1/2006/f1/features/car-design-technology/aerodynamics
Fixed-wing aircraft include a large range of craft from *** all training and recreational aircraft to large airliners and military cargo aircraft. Some aircraft use fixed wings to provide lift only part of the time and may or may not be referred to as fixed-wing. The term also embraces aircraft with folding wings that are intended to fold when on the ground. This is usually to ease storage or facilitate trport on
for example
a vehicle trailer or the powered lift connecting the hangar deck of an aircraft carrier to its flight deck. It also embraces "variable geometry" aircraft
such as the General Dynamics F-111
Grumman F-14 Tomcat and the Panavia Tornado
which can vary the sweep angle of their wings during flight. There are also rare examples of aircraft which can vary the angle of incidence of their wings in flight
such the F-8 Crusader
which are also considered to be "fixed-wing". An F-16 Fighting Falcon
a military fixed-wing aircraft Two necessities for all fixed-wing aircraft (as well as rotary-wing aircraft) are air flow over the wings for lifting of the aircraft
and an open area for landing. The majority of aircraft
however
also need an airport with the infrastructure to receive maintenance
restocking
refueling and for the loading and unloading of crew
cargo and/or passengers. While the vast majority of aircraft land and take off on land
some are capable of take off and landing on ice
snow and calm water. The aircraft is the second fastest method of trport
after the rocket. Commercial jet aircraft can reach up to 900 km/h. Single-engined aircraft are capable of reaching 175 km/h or more at cruise speed. Supersonic aircraft (military
research and a few private aircraft) can reach speeds faster than sound. The speed record for a plane powered by an air-breathing engine is currently held by the experimental NASA X-43
which reached nearly ten times the speed of sound. The biggest aircraft currently in service is Antonov An-225
while the fastest currently in production is the Mikoyan MiG-31. The biggest supersonic jet ever produced and currently in service is Tupolev-160. Aircraft parts A typical fixed-wing aircraft can be divided into the following major parts: · A long cylinder
called a fuselage
with tapered ends to make its shape aerodynamically *** ooth. The fuselage carries the human flight crew
the passengers if the aircraft is a passenger aircraft
and/or the cargo if the aircraft carries cargo. The pilots
who are members of the flight crew
operate the aircraft from a cockpit located at the front of the fuselage and equipped with windows
controls
and instruments. · ... Aircraft controls A number of fairly standardized controls allow pilots to direct aircraft in the air. The controls found in a typical fixed-wing aircraft are as follows: · ... History Main articles: Aviation history and First flying machine The dream of flight goes back to the days of pre-history. Many stories from antiquity involve flight
such as the Greek legend of Icarus and Daedalus. Leonardo da Vinci drew an aircraft in the 15th century. With the first flight made by man (Francois Pilatre de Rozier and Francois d'Arlandes) in an aircraft lighter than air
a balloon
the biggest challenge became to create other craft
capable of controlled flight.
参考: ***
When powered flights of the X-34 begin later this year
the experimental vehicle will be carried aloft by the L-1011
then released for rocket-powered flight and a standard horizontal landing. Eventually
the X-34 will perform high-speed suborbital free flights to demonstrate technologies such as advanced thermal protection system
posite structural ponents and autonomous landing.