Question

否定倒装句的用法

Answer 1

1. 完全倒装
1) 完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前（是整个谓语动词,而非助动词）.
例如：In came the teacher and the class began. （老师走了进来,然后开始上课.）
2) there引出的完全倒装句：除了最常见的there be句型以外,there还可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand等,一般都译成"有"的含义,构成完全倒装句.
例如：There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.（远处有个穿黑色衣服的人.）
3) 由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句：以地点副词here, there和时间副词now, then 开头,后面的动词是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand等,而主语又是名词时,构成完全倒装句.
例：Under that tree sits a beautiful girl.（那棵树下坐着一位美丽的姑娘.）
例：_________ from the tenth floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him.
A) Jumped down the burglar B) Down the burglar jumped
C) The burglar jumps down D) Down jumped the burglar
答案是D) Down jumped the burglar.因为地点状语Down位于句首应该用完全倒装,整个谓语动词应位于主语之前.C) The burglar jumps down虽然是自然语序,但时态错误,应该用和时间状语从句一致的过去时,而不是现在时.
注意：
1) 在here, there引出的倒装句中,当主语是普通名词时用完全倒装句,但当主语是代词时,就要用部分倒装句.
例：Here comes the postman!（邮递员终于来了!注意实意谓语动词位于主语之前.）
Here we are.（我们到了.注意系动词位于主语代词之后.）
2) 注意正语序和倒装语序的语气、意义是区别：
例：Here is the picture I love.（这正是我所喜爱的画.）
The picture I love is here.（我所喜爱的画在这里.）
3) 当主语是代词,谓语是系动词,表语是说明性的词、词组和定语从句时,可以使用完全倒装句,起强调作用.
例：Lucky is he who has been enrolled into a famous university.（他真幸运,被一所名牌大学录取了.）
2. 部分倒装
1) 部分倒装即只把谓语的一部分（如助动词、情态动词等）放到主语前,或把句子的强调成分提前.
例：_______ right now, she would get there on Sunday.
A) Would she leave B) if she leave
C) were she to leave D) If she had left
结合选项,全句的意思是：“如果她立刻就走,她就能在星期天到达那里”.答案是C.
2) 以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装.注意下列句子中助动词或情态动词提前、甚至补充助动词的用法：
例：Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.（小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意.）
例：In no country ______ Britain, it had been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.
A) better than B) more than C) other than D) rather than
本题是个倒装句,答案是C) other than.no other than意思是“正是、就是”；而rather than的意思是“宁愿……而不……；而不是”.
3) 以否定副词开头并加状语的句子要求部分倒装.这些否定副词有barely, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely…… when, never, no sooner…… than, rarely, no more, nor nearly, not only等以及only.
例：Only under special circumstances _________ to take make-up tests.
A) are freshmen permitted C) permitted are freshmen
B) freshmen are permitted D) are permitted freshmen
全句的意思是：“一年级学生只有在特殊的情况下才可以允许补考.”本陈述句以only开始,后面接状语,应当用部分倒装句.所以答案是A) are freshmen permitted.如用自然语序,本题所在的句子就应该改写为：Freshmen are permitted to take make-up tests only under special circumstances.这两句话的差别是,前者将only under special circumstances放到句首,表示对状语的强调.注意：在部分倒装句中,只有助动词、情态动词或连系动词to be可以置于主语之前,其它部分都要置于主语之后.
注意：
a) 如果含有从句时,只要求主句倒装：
例：Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.（只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误.）
b) 如果上述否定副词出现在强调句型中的前半部分,不用倒装：
例： It was not until he went abroad that he know the truth of the fact.（直到他出国以后才了解到事实真相.）
c) 如果hardly, scarcely后面接的是any, ever, at all时,意义类似almost no/ not/ never（几乎不、从不）,则无须倒装.
例：Hardly any people having been invited went there.（几乎没有什么受到邀请的人去那里了.）
4) 由no matter how, however和how引导的状语从句要求部分倒装,因为形容词或副词通常紧跟在这三个引导词后面,然后才是主语和谓语,形成形式上的部分倒装句：
例：I know nothing about this river, neither how long, how wide nor how deep it is.（我一点也不了解这条河,不知道它有多长,多宽或多深.）
由as引导的部分倒装句：
a) 当as作为比较意义时,即用于as + adj./ adv. + as结构中时,如果把第一个as省略掉,就形成部分倒装句.
例：Cautious as the rest of her family (was) , she didn't seem willing to give an immediate reply to my question.（正如她家里人一样谨慎小心,她似乎不愿意立即回答我的问题.）
She ran down the stairs, quick as a rabbit (ran).（她跑下楼去,跑得象兔子那么快!）
b) 当as引导让步状语时,和although, though一样,当用作“尽管”之义时,可以用于部分倒装句.
例：_______, there was no hope of her being able to sleep.
A) As she was exhausted B) If she was exhausted
C) Exhausted though she was D) Now that she was exhausted
答案是C) Exhausted though she was.从属连词as, though可以用于让步状语从句中.这种从句必须以形容词（或形容词化的分词）、名词或动词原形开头,主语必须位于从句之后.D) Now that she was exhausted里的引导词Now that表示“既然”；B) If she was exhausted表示条件“如果”； A) As she was exhausted表示“由于”（因为使用的是正语序）,都与后面句子的意思不通顺.
c) 表示原因时,为了强调起见,也可以倒装.
例：Tired as he was, we decided not to disturb him.（因为他太累了,我们决定不打扰他.）
d) 等于so时,意义是“也,也是”
例：She worked hard, so/ as did her husband. （她工作很努力,她的丈夫工作也很努力.）
3. 其它情况的倒装句
1) so, neither, nor除了构成上述倒装句以外,还可以取代上文出现的名词、形容词甚至整句话,构成完全倒装句或部分倒装句.但这两种倒装的意义不同.
a) 当so表示“也,相同,那样”时,通常表示对前一句肯定句的赞同、一致内容,要求使用完全倒装句：
例：I asked him to complete the experiment before five, so he did (=and he did that).（我让他在5点以前完成实验,他做到了.）
b) so /such ……that句型可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分：
例：So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled.（他的要价如此之高,令每个人都瞠目结舌.）
To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out.（她的彩排进行得那么长,以致于两个演员都走出去了.）
c) neither和nor共有4种倒装形式,其含义分别为：
完全倒装时：表示"也不",和上文a）用法正好相反,表示对前一句否定句的赞同或一致内容.
例：You don't know what to do now, neither/ nor do I .（你不知道现在该做什么,我也不知道.）
和其它否定副词连用,表示"也（不）",也要求用完全倒装句：
例：The besieged enemy could not advance, nor / neither could they retreat.（被包围的敌人既不能进,也不能退.）
注意：若把这句话改成："The besieged enemy could neither advance nor retreat.（被包围的敌人既不能进,也不能退.）"就不必倒装.
例：She never laughed, ______ lose her temper.
A) or she ever did B) nor did she ever
C) or did she ever D) nor she ever did
本题的句子是一个并列句,全句意思是：“她从来不大声笑,也没有发过脾气”.当前面的分句含否定意义而且后面的分句也含否定的意思时,后面的反句通常用含否定意义的nor（或neither）连接.此外,nor（或neither）连接的分句应当用倒装句,及其谓语中的情态动词、连系动词或助动词应放主语之前.所以B) nor did she ever是答案.本句相当于："…, and she never lost her temper, either".
1) 用在肯定句里,构成一般否定倒装：
例：All that is true, nor must we forget it.（那全都是真的,我们可不能忘记.）
2) 部分倒装,有承上启下作用,表示同意和赞同：
例：A: I couldn't do anything for her.（我帮不了她.）
B: Nor you could, but you might have got somebody to help her.（你是不能帮她,但你本可以找人帮她的.）
2) 在进行比较的句子里,如果主语不是代词时,可以倒装：
例：America consumes more energy than did our country.（美国消耗的能源比我们国家多.）
Her face is rather pale and even paler are her hands.（她的脸色苍白,她的手更白.）