新概念英语第2册Lesson88~90课文注释
新概念英语第2册Lesson88课文注释
1.…rescue operations are proving difficult.……事实证明营救工作非常困难。
prove之后带形容词(有时也可以是名词)时表示“证明是”、“结果是”：
His operation proved successful.
他的手术很成功。
What he had told us proved false.
他对我们所说的原来是假的。
2.Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine. 因此，营救人员正在矿井的北侧钻一个洞。
therefore表示“因此”、“所以”等。它是副词，所以它既可以独立使用，也可以位于动词前。so表示“因此”、“所以”时通常是连词：
The new flat is larger and therefore more expensive.
这套新房子(比原先的)要大些，因此比较贵。
His parents gave him some money, and he was therefore able to buy a car.
他的父母给了他一些钱，所以他能买得起一辆车。
His parents gave him some money, therefore, he was able to buy a car.
(译文同上，therefore前后都可以有逗号，so后面通常不用逗号)
We arrived early, so we got good seats.
我到得早，因此我们找到了好座位。(so表示“所以”、“因此”时不放在动词前)
3.If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours. 如果不是因为土壤下面有一层坚硬的岩石，他们的营救工作仅用几小时就可以完成了。
这是第3类条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设。课文中还有第1类和第2类条件句的例子，仔细体会它们的区别。
4.as it is，实际上，事实上(也可以用as it was)。
I thought they would help us. As it was, they just sat there and looked on.
我以为他们会帮助我们。实际上他们却只是坐着旁观。
I promised to return the books yesterday. As it is, I won't be able to do so until next Monday.
我答应昨天还书的，但事实上我要到下星期一才能还。
5.…a microphone…has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives.……一只麦克风使井下的人可以与其亲属保持联系。
(1)enable为及物动词，表示“使……能够”：
The hubble telescope will enable us to have a better understanding of the distant stars and galaxies.
哈勃望远镜将使我们能更好地了解远距离的恒星和星系。
前缀en-加在名词或形容词前可以使这个词成为动词，如endanger(危及，使遭受危险)，enlarge(扩大，扩展，扩充)，enslave(奴役，使成为奴隶)，entrap(使……入陷阱/圈套，欺骗)。
(2)keep in touch with表示“与……保持联系”，也可以用stay，get 等其他动词：
Though he works in New York, he still keeps in touch with his friends in London.
他虽然在纽约工作，但仍然与伦敦的朋友们保持联系。
George is in close touch with Ian.
乔治与伊恩联系密切。
Can you get in touch with the company?
你能与那家公司取得联系吗?
6.lose heart为固定搭配，表示“丧失信心/勇气”、“泄气”、“灰心”：
He told his men not to lose heart, saying that they would soon discover gold mines.
他告诉手下人不要灰心，并说他们很快就会发现金矿的。
Seeing that the enemy was much stronger than themselves, the soldiers lost heart at once.
当战士们发现敌军比自己要强大得多时，他们立刻就丧失了勇气。
新概念英语第2册Lesson89课文注释
1.A slip of the tongue，(标题)说走了嘴，失言。
slip在这里表示“不经心的错误”、“失误”、“疏漏”：
You've made some slips (of the pen) in your report.
你的报告中有一些小错(笔误)。
When he was nervous, he would sometimes make a slip of tongue.
当他紧张时，他有时就会发生口误。
Are you sure that it was just a slip of tongue?
你确信那只是一时口误吗?
2.People will do anything to see a free show…人们总要想尽办法去看不花钱的演出……
anything用于肯定句时表示“不论什么”、“任何事情”，to see a free show表示目的，也可以用for+名词形式：
He will do anything to save his child's life.
他要想尽办法挽救他孩子的生命。
He will do anything for the child.
为了这孩子，他干什么都愿意。
3.When the news got round that a comedy show would be presented at our local cinema by the P. and U. Bird Seed Company…当“皮尤”鸟食公司将在我们当地*演出喜剧节目的消息传开后……
(1)when引导的这个时间状语从句中含有一个同位语从句，即the news that…。由于that引导的同位语从句较长，便与它所修饰的news隔开了，放在谓语动词之后，以免句子头重脚轻。同位语从句中用了被动语态的过去将来时形式。
(2)get round在这里表示消息、谣言等“传开”(也可以用get around/about)：
The word soon got round that there was buried treasure in that cave.
那个洞里有宝藏的消息很快便传开了。
Bad news gets round quickly.
坏消息传得快。
4.…there must have been several hundred people present just before the show began.……在演出开始前场内肯定已有好几百人了。
Those who failed to get in need not have felt disappointed, as many of the artistes who should have appeared did not come.
那些没能进到场内的人没有必要感到失望，因为很多应该出场的专业演员都没有来。
must+have+过去分词表示对过去发生的事进行推测(其否定式为can't+have+过去分词，cf.第17课语法);need+have+ 过去分词表示过去不必做但实际已做了的事(cf.第41课语法);should/ought to+have+过去分词表示本来应该做而实际未做的事(cf.第65课语法)：
He had found five empty whisky bottles which the ghost must have drunk the night before.
他发现了5只空的威士忌酒瓶子，这肯定是鬼魂前天晚上喝的。
The examiner must have been pleased with my performance.
主考人对我的表现想必是满意的。
You needn't have said that.
你没必要这么说。(实际已经说了)
You needn't have told him about my plans.
你本不必把我的打算告诉他。(实际上已告诉了他)
He should have gone along a side street.
他应该走一条小街。(实际上他走了主要街道)
5.As soon as he opened his mouth, everyone burst out laughing.
但他刚一开口说话，人们便哄堂大笑起来。
burst out为固定短语，其含义之一为“突然……起来”，后面通常接动名词，也可以接in/into+名词：
At the sight of the drunk, everyone burst out laughing/in laughter.
一看见那醉汉，大家便大笑起来。
When she heard that her father had died in the accident, she burst out crying.
当她听说她父亲在那次事故中丧生时便大哭起来。
6.We all know what the poor man should have said, but what he actually said was…
我们都明白那个可怜的应该说些什么，而他实际说的却是……
用should+have+过去分词表示过去应当做而并没有做的事时，它后面经常跟but(actually)以形成对比：
I should have left home before 9 o'clock, but actually I didn't.
我本该在9点以前离开家，但实际上我没有。
You should have written the word‘too’, but what you actually wrote was‘to’.
你本该写“too”，但实际上你却写了“to”。
新概念英语第2册Lesson90课文注释
1.Fish and chips has always been a favourite dish in Britain…油煎鱼加炸土豆片一直是英国人喜爱的一道菜……
fish and chips被看做是一个整体，因此，虽然chips是复数形式，它后面却要跟动词的单数形式。(cf.本课词汇学习)dish在这里指“一盘菜”或“菜肴”、“食品”：
I like French dishes.
我喜欢(吃)法国菜。
Would you like a sweet dish?
您要一盘甜食吗?
2.…divers…have been frightened out of their wits by giant fish bumping into them as they work.……潜水员……曾在工作时被撞到他们身上的大鱼吓得惊慌失措。
(1)out of one's wits表示“失去理智”、“惊慌失措”：
She was frightened out of her wits by the great fire.
大火吓得她惊慌失措。
Are you out of your wits?
你疯了吗?
(2)bump into的含义之一是“碰上”、“撞上”：
Wandering in darkness, the drunk bumped into a policeman.
那醉汉在黑夜中闲荡时撞到了一个警察的身上。
bump into也可以表示“偶然遇见”、“碰见”(多用于口语)：
I bumped into Jane at the conference.
我开会时碰见了简。
(3)as在这里相当于when或while。
3.Now they have had special cages made to protect them from these monsters. 现在他们有了特制的笼子，用来保护他们免受大鱼的侵袭。
(1)have had…made 是使役式的完成式。(cf.第66课语法)
(2)protect经常与from或against连用：
He tried to protect the child from the rain/the dog.
他试图使孩子不被雨淋/狗咬。
This coat will protect you against the cold.
这件大衣可以给你御寒。
4.favourite eating varieties, 深受人们喜爱的食用的品种。
eating在这里为形容词，表示“供食用的”，它有时也表示“宜生食的”：
Eating corn is quite sweet.
食用玉米很香甜。
These are eating apples, and those are cooking apples/ones.
这些是生吃的苹果，那些是烹任用的苹果。
5.the total absence of fishing boats around the oil rigs, 钻井平台周围根本没有捕鱼船只。
(1)total在这里表示“完全的”、“彻底的”(相当于complete)：
His letter is a total surprise to her.
他的来信完全出乎她的意料之外。
That girl is a total stranger to me.
我根本不认识那姑娘。
(2)absence of表示“缺少”、“不存在”：
These plants don't grow well because of the absence of rain/sunshine.
由于缺乏雨水/阳光，这些植物长得不好。
6.as a result，结果，因此。
He didn't work hard at mathematics. As a result, he failed in the examination.
他没有用功学数学。因此，他考试没及格。
My husband Spent weeks training our dog to press its paw on the latch. As a result, it has become an expert at opening the gate.
我丈夫花了几个星期的时间训练我们的狗用脚爪按住门闩。结果，它现在成了开门的专家。
