斐波那契数列通项公式的证明 谁能用数学归纳法证明这个通项公式的?
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证明方法如下:验证我就不说了,假设对小或等于n的自然数k,a(k)={[(1+sqrt(5))/2]^k - [(1-sqrt(5))/2]^k }/sqrt(5)都成立,当n=k+1时,就有
a(k+1)=a(k)+a(k-1)
={[(1+sqrt(5))/2]^k - [(1-sqrt(5))/2]^k }/sqrt(5)+{[(1+sqrt(5))/2]^(k-1) - [(1-sqrt(5))/2]^(k-1 )}/sqrt(5)
={[(1+sqrt(5))/2]^(k-1)[(3+sqrt(5))/2] - [(1-sqrt(5))/2]^(k-1))[(3-sqrt(5))/2] }/sqrt(5)
={[(1+sqrt(5))/2]^(k-1)[(6+2sqrt(5))/4] - [(1-sqrt(5))/2]^(k-1))[(6-2sqrt(5))/4] }/sqrt(5)
={[(1+sqrt(5))/2]^(k-1)[(1+sqrt(5))/2] ^2 - [(1-sqrt(5))/2]^(k-1)[(1-sqrt(5))/2] ^2}/sqrt(5)
={[(1+sqrt(5))/2]^(k+1)- [(1-sqrt(5))/2]^(k+1)}/sqrt(5)
这就说明公式对n=k+1也成立.
a(k+1)=a(k)+a(k-1)
={[(1+sqrt(5))/2]^k - [(1-sqrt(5))/2]^k }/sqrt(5)+{[(1+sqrt(5))/2]^(k-1) - [(1-sqrt(5))/2]^(k-1 )}/sqrt(5)
={[(1+sqrt(5))/2]^(k-1)[(3+sqrt(5))/2] - [(1-sqrt(5))/2]^(k-1))[(3-sqrt(5))/2] }/sqrt(5)
={[(1+sqrt(5))/2]^(k-1)[(6+2sqrt(5))/4] - [(1-sqrt(5))/2]^(k-1))[(6-2sqrt(5))/4] }/sqrt(5)
={[(1+sqrt(5))/2]^(k-1)[(1+sqrt(5))/2] ^2 - [(1-sqrt(5))/2]^(k-1)[(1-sqrt(5))/2] ^2}/sqrt(5)
={[(1+sqrt(5))/2]^(k+1)- [(1-sqrt(5))/2]^(k+1)}/sqrt(5)
这就说明公式对n=k+1也成立.
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