英语问题

什么是be动词什么是情态动词什么是实义动词请解释一下,分别举几个列子,如:情态动词:need在解释一下用法Thankyou... 什么是be动词
什么是情态动词
什么是实义动词
请解释一下,分别举几个列子,如:
情态动词:need
在解释一下用法

Thank you
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guozn123456
2010-04-01
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be动词的一般现在时有三种形式,即:am, is, are。
1. 如果主语是第一人称I(我)时,be动词用am。
如:I am a student. 我是一名学生。
I am 还可缩写成I'm。如:
I'm David. 我是大卫。
2. 如果主语是you (你,你们), they (他们,它们,她们)或名词复数 (两个以上的人或物)时,be动词必须用are。
如:Are you twelve? 你是十二岁吗?
Tom and Lily are good friends. 汤姆和莉莉是好朋友。
They are at school. 他们在学校。
are与主语还可缩写。如: We are= We're, They are =They're, You are = You're。而are与 not可缩写成aren't。
如:They aren't students. 他们不是学生。但是am与not不能缩写。
3. 如果主语是单数名词、不可数名词或单数第三人称代词(he, she, it)时,be动词用is。
如:My mother is a teacher. 我的妈妈是一名老师。
He is a student. 他是一名学生。
is也可与主语缩写,如: He is = He's, My mother is = My mother's等。但是This is不可缩写。而is与not可缩写成 isn't。
如:This isn't a book. 这不是一本书。
根据以上叙述我们可以把动词的用法以口诀的形式表述出来:
我(I)是am,
你(you)是are,
剩下is留给她(she), 他(he), 它(it),
两个以上都用are。

[思路分析]
be作助动词用的形式如下:
①am, is, are, was, were
②助动词+be:shall be, will be, can be, etc.
③have/has/had + been(完成时)
④am, is, …being(进行时)

[解题过程]
(1)表达进行时态
句型 be + V-ing…(进行时态)
例:What are you reading?
(你正在阅读什么?)
I am reading a magazine.
(我正在阅读杂志。)
例:He will be taking a walk in the park at this time tomorrow morning.
(明天早晨此时他将会正在公园散步。)
例:She has been teaching English in our school for years.
(她已在我们学校教英语许多年了。)
解说 第一例句是表达现在进行时,第二例句是将来进行时,第三例句是现在完成进行时。
(2)表达被动语态
句型 be +p.p. …(被动语态)
例:English is spoken in both Canada and the United States.
(加拿大和美国都讲英语。)
例:Those keys were found in your drawer.
(那些钥匙是在你的抽屉里找到的。)
例:It can be done much faster in this way.
(这件工作用这个方法可以更加快速地做好。)
给你个口诀 :

我(I)是am,

你(you)是are,

剩下is留给她(she), 他(he), 它(it),

两个以上都用are.
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用,给谓语动词增添情态色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等。
情态动词后面加动词原形。
[编辑本段]分类:
情态动词有四类:
①只做情态动词:must,can(could),may(might),ought to
②可做情态动词又可做实义动词:need,dare
③可做情态动词又可做助动词:shall(should),will(would)
④具有情态动词特征:have(had,has) to,used to
[编辑本段]位置:
情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语之前。
I can see you. Come here.
我能看见你,过来吧。
He must have been away.
他一定走了。
What can I do for you?
我能帮你吗?
How dare you treat us like that!
你怎能那样对待我们!
[编辑本段]特点:
情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去,现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词,故没有被动语态。
He could be here soon.
他很快就来。
We can't carry the heavy box.
我们搬不动那箱子。
I'm sorry I can't help you.
对不起,我帮不上你。
基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是,基本助动词本身没有词义,而情态助动词则有自己的词义,能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法,或表示主观设想:
What have you been doing since? (构成完成进行体,本身无词义)
I am afraid I must be going. (一定要)
You may have read some account of the matter. (或许已经)
除此之外,情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征:
1) 除ought和used以外,其他情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。如果我们把ought to和used to看做是固定词组的话,那么,所有情态动词无一例外地只能接不带to的不定式:
We used to grow beautiful roses.
I asked if he would come and repair my television set.
2) 情态助动词在限定动词词组总是位居第一:
They need not have been punished so severely.
3) 情态助动词用于第三人称单数现在时的时候,没有词形变化,即其词尾无-s形式:
She dare not say what she thinks.
4) 情态动词没有非限定形式,即没有不定式和分词形式,也没有相应的动名词:
Still, she needn't have run away.
5) 情态助动词的“时”的形式并不是时间区别的主要标志。在不少场合,情态助动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间:
Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something?
She told him he ought not to have done it.
6) 情态助动词之间是相互排斥的,即在一个限定动词词组中只能出现一个情态助动词,但有时却可以与have和be基本助动词连用:
You should have washed the wound.
Well, you shouldn't be reading a novel.
[编辑本段]用法
首先它是动词,而且不同于行为动词,行为动词表示的是可以通过行为来表达的动作(如写,读,跑),而情态动词只是表达的一种想法(如能,也许,敢)。
用法是:情态动词+行为动词原形
例句:I can read this sentence in English.
我能用英语读这句话。
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。
We can be there on time tomorrow.我们明天能按时去那儿。
May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗?
Shall we begin now?我们现在就开始吗?
You must obey the school rules.你必须遵守校规。
情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列:
can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would),have (to) ,had better.
[编辑本段]功能
助动词(auxiliary)主要有两类:基本助动词(primary auxiliary)和情态助动词(modal auxiliary)。基本助动词有三个:do, have和be;情态助动词基本的有十四个:may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to.had better 上述两类助动词的共同特征是,在协助主动词构成限定动词词组时,具有作用词的功能:
1) 构成否定式:
He didn't go and neither did she.
The meeting might not start until 5 o'clock.
2) 构成疑问式或附加疑问式:
Must you leave right now?
You have been learning French for 5 years, haven't you?
3) 构成修辞倒装:
Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister.
Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.
4) 代替限定动词词组:
A: Who can solve this crossword puzzle?
B: Tom can.
A: Shall I write to him?
B: Yes, do.
[编辑本段]can和could的用法
1. 表示能力或客观可能性,还可以表示请求和允许。如:
Can you finish this work tonight?
Man can not live without air.
— Can I go now? — Yes, you can.
注意:①could也可表示请求,语气委婉,主要用于疑问句,不可用于肯定句,答语应用can(即could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中)。如:
Could I come to see you tomorrow?
Yes, you can. (否定答语可用No, I'm afraid not.)
②can表示能力时,还可用be able to代替。如:
I'll not be able to come this afternoon.
2. 表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。(主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中)
Can this be true?
How can you be so careless!
This can not be done by him.
3. “can(could) + have + 过去分词”的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。如:
He can not have been to that town.
Can he have got the book?
4. 用在疑问句及否定句中,表示惊讶,不相信等.
5. can not```too\enough表示"无论怎样``````也不过分","越``````越好"
[编辑本段]may和might的用法
1. 表示许可。
表示请求、允许时,might比may的语气更委婉一些,否定回答时(口语中常用) no , you can't . or , yes, please 用mustn't表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意(具有强烈禁止的意思)如:
You may drive the car.
— Might I use your pen? — No, you mustn't.
用May I ... 征询对方许可在文体上比较正式,在口气上比较客气。在日常口语中,用Can I ... 征询对方意见在现代口语中更为常见。
2. 用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如:
May you succeed!
3. 表示推测、可能(疑问句不能用于此意)。
He may be very busy now.
4. “may(might) + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的行为的推测。如:
He may not have finished the work.
[编辑本段]must和have to的用法
1. 表示必须、必要。(must表示主观多一些而have to则表示客观多一些)如:
You must come in time.
回答must引出的问句时,如果是否定的回答,不能用mustn't,而要用needn't或don't have to。
— Must we hand in our exercise books today?
— Yes, you must. (No, you don’t have to.)
2. “must be + 表语”的结构表示推测,它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。
This must be your pen.
3. “must + have + 过去分词”的结构常用在肯定句中,表示对过去发生的行为的推测。它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。
He must have been to Shanghai.
4. have to的含义与must相似,两者往往可以互换使用,但have to有各种形式,随have的变化而定。must与have to有下列几点不同:
① must表示的是说话人的主观看法,而have to则往往强调客观需要。如:
The play is not interesting. I really must go now.
I had to work when I was your age.
② must一般只表现在,have则有更多的时态形式。
③ 二者的否定意义不大相同。如:
You mustn't go. 你可不要去。
You don't have to go. 你不必去。
④ 询问对方的意愿时应用must。如:
Must I clean all the room?
注意:have to也可拼做have got to。
[编辑本段]dare和need的用法
1. need表示“需要”或“必须”,作情态动词时,仅用于否定句或疑问句中,在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to,或should代替。如:
You needn’t come so early.
— Need I finish the work today?
— Yes, you must.
注意:needn't + 不定式的完成式“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”。如:
You needn't have waited for me.
2. Dare作情态动词时,主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,一般不用在肯定句中。如:
How dare you say I'm unfair.
He daren't speak English before such a crowd, dare he?
3. Dare和need常用作实义动词,有时态、人称和数的变化,所不同的是,作实义动词时,在肯定句中,dare后面通常接带to的不定式,在否定和疑问句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。如:
I dare to swim across this river.
He does not dare (to) answer.
Don't you dare (to) touch it!
I wondered he dare (to) say that.
He needs to finish it this evening.
[编辑本段]shall和should的用法
一.Shall的用法:
1. Shall用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意愿。如:
What shall we do this evening?
2. Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。如:
Shall we begin our lesson?
When shall he be able to leave the hospital?
3. Shall用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。如:
You shall fail if you don't work harder. (警告)
He shall have the book when I finish reading. (允诺)
He shall be punished. (威胁)
二.Should的用法:
1. Should表示劝告、建议、命令,其同义词是ought to;在疑问句中,通常用should代替ought to。如:
You should go to class right away.
Should I open the window?
Should的含义较多,用法较活,现介绍三种其特殊用法。请看下面的句子:
① I should think it would be better to try it again. 我倒是认为最好再试一试。
② You are mistaken, I should say. 依我看,你是搞错了。
③ I should advise you not to do that. 我倒是劝你别这样做。
④ This is something I should have liked to ask you. 这是我本来想问你的。
从以上例句可以看出:情态动词should用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。
Should还可以用在if引导的条件从句,表示一件事听起来可能性很小,但也不是完全没有可能。相当于“万一”的意思。从句谓语由should加动词原形构成,主句谓语却不一定用虚拟语气。如:
⑤ Ask her to ring me up if you should see her. 你万一见到她,请让她给我打个电话。
⑥ If you should change your mind, please let us know. 万一你改变主意,请通知我们。
⑦ Should I (If I should) be free tomorrow I will come. 万一我明天有时间,我就来。
此外,Why(or How) + should结构表示说话人对某事不能理解,感到意外、惊异等意思。意为“竟会”。如:
⑧ Why should you be so late today? 你几天怎么来得这么晚?
⑨ — Where is Betty living? — 贝蒂住在哪里?
— How should I know? — 我怎么会知道呢?
⑩ I don't know why you should think that I did it. 我真不知道你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。
2. “should + have + 过去分词”结构一般表示义务,表示应该做到而实际上没有做到,并包含一种埋怨、责备的口气。如: She should have finished it.
I should have helped her, but I never could.
You should have started earlier.
[编辑本段]will和would的用法
1. 表示请求、建议等,would比will委婉客气。如:
Would you pass me the book?
2. 表示意志、愿望和决心。如:
I will never do that again.
They asked if we would do that again.
The door won't open
3. 用“will be”和“will(would) + have + 过去分词”的结构表示推测,主要用于第二、三人称。前者表示对目前情况的推测,后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。如:
This will be the book you want.
He will have arrived by now.
The guests would have arrived by that time.
I thought you would have finished this by now.
4. Would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。Would表过去习惯时比used to正式,并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。如:
The wound would not heal.
During the vacation he would visit me every week.
5. 表料想或猜想。如:
It would be about ten when he left home.
What would she be doing there?
I thought he would have told you all about it.
[编辑本段]ought to的用法
1. Ought to表示应该。如:
You ought to take care of him.
2. 表示推测。注意与must表示推测时的区别:
He must be at home by now. (断定他已到家)
He ought to be home by now. (不十分肯定)
This is where the oil must be. (比较直率)
This is where the oil ought to be. (比较含蓄)
3. “ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。如:
You ought to have asked him (but you didn't).
这时,ought to和should可以互相换用。
注意:在美国英语中,ought to用于否定句和疑问句时,to可以省略。如:
Ought you smoke so much?
You oughtn't smoke so much.
ought和should的区别:
1.ought语气略强。
2.should较常用。
3.ought在美国英语中用的很少,而should却相当常用。
4.ought属正式用语。
[编辑本段]used to,had better,would rather的用法
1. Used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在已不存在,在间接引语中,其形式可不变。如:
He told us he used to play football when he was young.
在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中,可有两种形式:
疑问句
Did you use to go to the same school as your brother?
Used you to go to the same school as your brother?
否定句
I usedn't to go there.
I didn't use to go there.
Usedn't 亦可拼作usen't,但发音皆为['ju:snt]。
否定疑问句
Usen't you to be interested in the theatre?
Didn't you use to be interested in the theatre?
强调句
I certainly used to smoke, but it was a long time ago.
I certainly did use to smoke, but it was a long time ago.
其反意疑问句或简略回答中,也有两种形式:
She used to be very fat, didn't she? (口语+常用)/ use(d)n't she? (正式+过时)
Did you use to play chess? Yes, I did.
Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes, I did. (Yes, I used to.)
2. Had better意为“最好”,后接不带to的不定式。如:
— We had better go now.
— Yes, we had (we'd better / we had better).
Hadn't we better stop now? (Had we better not stop now?)
I think I'd better be going. (用于进行时态,表“最好立即”)
You had better have done that. (用于完成时态,表未完成动作)
注:①had best与had better同意,但较少用。②You had better … 用于同辈或小辈,对长辈不可用。
3. Would rather意为“宁愿”,表选择,后接不带to的不定式。如:
I'd rather not say anything.
Would you rather work on a farm?
— Wouldn't you rather stay here?
— No, I would not. I'd rather go there.
由于would rather表选择,因而后可接than。如:
I would rather work on a farm than in a factory.
I would rather watch TV than go to see the film.
I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell me one lie.
I'd rather you didn't talk about this to anyone. (句中的'd rather不是情态动词,would在此是表愿望的实义动词)
[编辑本段]can (could), may (might), 用法:
can (could) 表示说话人能,可以,同意,准许,以及客观条件许可,could 为 can 的过去式。
Can you pass me the books?
你能给我递一下书吗 ?
Could you help me, please?
请问,你能帮助我吗?
What can you do?
你能干点什么呢?
Can you be sure?
你有把握吗?
can 和could 只能用于现在式和过去式两种时态,将来时态用 be able to 来表示。
He could help us at all.
他完全可以帮助我们。
With the teacher's help,I shall be able to speak English correctly.
由于老师的帮助,我将能准确地讲英语。
may (might) 可以, 表示说话人同意,许可或请求对方许可。
You may take the book home.
你可以把书带回家去.
May I come in?
我可以进来吗?
May I use your dictionary?
我可以用你的词典吗?
You may put on more clothes.
你可以多穿点衣服.
He said he might lend us some money.
他说他可以借给我们一些钱。
实义动词的用法

实义动词词义完整,能独立作谓语,可分成:及物动词(transitive verb)和不及物动词(intransitive verb)。

1.及物动词要求有宾语

①Mr.Smith gave his wife twenty pounds for her birthday.史密斯先生给了他的妻子20英镑过生日。

②He asked the teacher a few questions.他向老师问了几个问题。

③We have friends all over the world.我们的朋友遍天下。

④Children and young people like bright colors.孩子和年轻人喜欢亮丽的颜色。

2.不及物动词不要求宾语

① Most shops in Britain open at 9:00 A.m. and close at 5:00 or 5:30 in the evening .英国大部分商店九点开门,晚五点或五点半关门。

②George's father lives there.乔治的爸爸住在那里。

③Let's go home.我们回家吧。

④The examination ended at 11:30 A.m.考试上午十一点半结束。

3.特殊实义动词

英语动词很多既是及物动词又是不及物动词,如

close, begin, study, leave, work等。

①The post office closes at 9:00 p. m.邮局晚上9点关门。

②Close the window, please.请关窗。

③Shall we begin now?我们现在开始吗?

④ Bill began working as a sailor after he left school.比尔毕业后当水手。

⑤They left yesterday.他们昨天离开的。

⑥When did you leave Washington?你什么时候离开华盛顿的?

⑦The students study hard.这些学生学习努力。

⑧The students study English and German.这些学生学习英语和德语。

⑨He works in a supermarket.他在一家超市工作。

⑩He works the machine on Mondays.他星期一操作这台机器。
jt2594838
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BE动词类似于汉语的“是”,具有判断,连接,表被动,进行中等作用。
如I am(was) he/she/it is(was) they are(were),其原型就是be
be+名词(是什么) be+形容词(是什么样的) be+doing(正在做什么)
be+done(被什么)

情态动词用来表示看法或观点,如can(能),will(将会),could(可以)
need(需要),must(必须)等。
情态动词后面要跟动词原形,因为情态动词的语义不完全(由上可知)。

实义动词是多数动词,它们表示具体动作,如eat(吃),have(进食),drink(喝),fly(飞),drive(驾驶)等。需要指出的是,need在用作need to do(需要做某事)时是实义动词。
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至于用法,be动词和情态动词基本无变化,但是实义动词的用法是多种多样的,甚至可有多种用法(stop doing(停止做某事) stop to do (停下来去做某事))要想掌握只能靠积累和语感的提升。
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以上为个人积累总结,可能有不善之处,请多包涵。
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swauzj
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be动 : is am are was were be You are my sunshine.Once he was a wooden boy. be 动词
情态: feel see need taste sound The bread tastes good . Sounds interesting. 情态动词后可以直接接形容词
实义: jump , run , throw, 除了BE 和情态其他都是实义.

话说这些语法没什么用的
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