Question

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对草地螟幼虫在田间各种杂草上的分布进行了系统调查，所得的主要结果为：调查到草地螟幼虫为害的寄主植物有9科22种，分别占所调查的10科26种植物的90%和84.3%。幼虫为害植物主要分布在菊科（9种）、禾本科（2种）、藜科（4种）、蓼科（2种），而在豆科、唇形花科、十字花科、旋花科、牻牛儿苗科中均只有1种。相关分析的结果表明植物密度影响草地螟幼虫在各种植物上的分布数量。
通过受害植物对幼虫的营养效应实验，发现食料植物不同对幼虫的存活率和蛹重影响不同。首先，单一寄主与3龄后转主处理时，草地螟幼虫都不能取食利用成虫曾强烈
选择的大画眉草。其次，单一寄主饲养时，取食灰菜时幼虫5龄时的存活率最高，为83.7%，显著地高于取食其他植物的处理；取食灰菜时蛹重最大，为38.9mg，显著的高于除大籽蒿之外的所有处理。当初孵幼虫取食灰菜3龄后再以各种食料植物饲养至化蛹时，各寄主处理的5龄幼虫存活率都达到82.0%以上，且除黑沙蒿、大画眉草和狗尾草外，5龄幼虫存活率无显著差异；在蛹重方面，3龄幼虫转换寄主后，各寄主处理的草地螟蛹重与单一寄主的影响相比都有一定程度的增加，但是各寄主处理之间比较，蛹重的相对大小没有改变。最后，初孵幼虫在经灰菜饲养至三龄后，方可消化利用初孵时不能取食的苣荬菜。此种种结果说明，与成虫对寄主的选择性相比，幼虫的食性是相对稳定的；幼虫能危害的植物，并不一定是其能取食利用的寄主植物。食料植物对初孵幼虫生长的影响至关重要，且在低龄阶段仅灰菜能提供草地螟必需营养，而只要3龄前经灰菜饲养，3龄后幼虫对来自寄主营养差异的影响不再敏感。这也与生物学上幼虫3龄后会有转主取食和寄主范围扩大的习性相符合
对草地螟幼虫相关酶的性质及龄期间活性高低进行研究，结果表明初孵幼虫酯酶、淀粉酶、蛋白酶的活性都非常低，到3龄时，各种酶的活性有相当程度的升高，尤其是中肠蛋白酶增长到原来的3倍。对幼虫体内主要蛋白酶的性质进行研究，结果表明，幼虫体内的蛋白酶主要有丝氨酸蛋白酶（包括类胰蛋白酶和类胰凝乳蛋白酶）、氨基肽酶；各种酶发挥最强活性的不同，最适PH值在8.0到10.5范围内。幼虫长到3龄时中肠内总蛋白酶、强碱类胰蛋白酶、弱碱类胰蛋白酶、类胰凝乳蛋白酶以及氨基肽酶的活性分别是初孵时的5.96、6.54、4.91、4.45和2.48倍。由上述结果说明了草地螟体内酯酶、淀粉酶以及各种蛋白酶活性的变化与其3龄期幼虫寄主范围的扩大是有密切关系的；不同PH值条件下各种酶的补偿活性扩大了适应不同食料提供的营养成分和克服所带来的不利因素的能力。生理上的变化显然成为草地螟3龄后转主取食特性以及寄主范围种类突增的重要内因。
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Answer 1

Larvae on the grass in the field, the distribution of weeds on a systematic survey, the main results obtained are: the investigation to the meadow moth larvae host plants in 9 families, 22 species accounted for 10 families surveyed, 26 species of plants 90% and 84.3%. Larvae are mainly distributed in the Asteraceae plant (9 species), Gramineae (2 species), Chenopodiaceae (4 species), Polygonaceae (2), and in legumes, two-lipped flowers Branch, Brassicaceae, Convolvulaceae Branch, Geraniaceae only one kind of both. Correlation analysis showed that the density of grass plants larvae distribution in the number of various plants.
Affected plants by larvae of the nutritional effects of experiment, found that different food plants on the survival rate of larvae and pupal weight were different. First, a single host with 3 years old, turn the main processing, lawn moth larvae feeding can have a strong use of adult
Large selection Eragrostis. Second, a single host feeding, the feeding larvae of five age when gray dishes when the highest survival rate was 83.7%, significantly higher than those fed with the other processing plants; feeding pupal weight when the maximum gray dishes, as 38.9mg, significant In addition to large seeds higher than all the processing outside of Artemisia. Gray had larvae feeding dish 3 years old then kept in various food plants to pupate, the host processing the survival rate has reached the 5th instar larvae of more than 82.0%, and the addition to Artemisia, Eragrostis and Setaria big things, 5th instar larvae survival was no significant difference; in pupal weight, the three host larvae after conversion, the host processing the grass moth pupal weight compared with the impact of a single host has increased to some extent, but the comparison between the host processing , pupal weight did not change the relative size. Finally, the newly hatched larvae feeding by three age gray dishes, before digestion can not be used when feeding on newly hatched Sonchus. The various results show that the selectivity and adults compared to the host, the larva of the diet is relatively stable; larvae can damage the plants, feeding is not necessarily able to use their host plants. Food plants on the growth of newly hatched larvae is essential, and only in young stages of the grass ash borer vegetables provide essential nutrients, as long as 3 years old by the gray food before feeding 3rd instar larvae after the nutrition from the host did not affect the difference extremely sensitive. This is the 3rd instar larvae and biology will change after the main feeding and behavior consistent with the expanded host range
Larvae on the pasture the nature and age-related enzyme activity level during the study, results showed that newly hatched larvae esterase and amylase, protease activity was very low, to 3 years old, various enzymes have a degree of increased activity , especially the growth of intestinal protease to 3 times the original. On the larvae of the nature of the main protease, the results showed that larvae of the protease mainly serine protease (including trypsin and chymotrypsin), aminopeptidase; the strongest activity of the enzymes play a different optimal PH value of 8.0 to 10.5 range. Instar larvae grow to 3 in total intestinal protease, tryptase strong base, weak base, tryptase, chymotrypsin, and aminopeptidase activity of newly hatched were 5.96,6.54,4.91,4.45 and 2.48 when times. The above results indicate that the grass moth esterase, amylase and protease activity in a variety of 3rd instar larvae and its host range expansion are closely related; different PH value of the compensation under the various enzyme activity expanded to adapt to different Siliao provide nutrients and overcome the disadvantages brought about by the capacity. Physiological changes in a meadow moth apparently 3 years old, turn the main feeding characteristics and host range of important types

Answer 2

Larvae on the grass in the field, the distribution of weeds on a systematic survey, the main results obtained are: the investigation to the meadow moth larvae host plants in 9 families, 22 species accounted for 10 families surveyed, 26 species of plants 90% and 84.3%. Larvae are mainly distributed in the Asteraceae plant (9 species), Gramineae (2 species), Chenopodiaceae (4 species), Polygonaceae (2), and in legumes, two-lipped flowers Branch, Brassicaceae, Convolvulaceae Branch, Geraniaceae only one kind of both. Correlation analysis showed that the density of grass plants larvae distribution in the number of various plants.
Affected plants by larvae of the nutritional effects of experiment, found that different food plants on the survival rate of larvae and pupal weight were different. First, a single host with 3 years old, turn the main processing, lawn moth larvae feeding can have a strong use of adult
Large selection Eragrostis. Second, a single host feeding, the feeding larvae of five age when gray dishes when the highest survival rate was 83.7%, significantly higher than those fed with the other processing plants; feeding pupal weight when the maximum gray dishes, as 38.9mg, significant In addition to large seeds higher than all the processing outside of Artemisia. Gray had larvae feeding dish 3 years old then kept in various food plants to pupate, the host processing the survival rate has reached the 5th instar larvae of more than 82.0%, and the addition to Artemisia, Eragrostis and Setaria big things, 5th instar larvae survival was no significant difference; in pupal weight, the three host larvae after conversion, the host processing the grass moth pupal weight compared with the impact of a single host has increased to some extent, but the comparison between the host processing , pupal weight did not change the relative size. Finally, the newly hatched larvae feeding by three age gray dishes, before digestion can not be used when feeding on newly hatched Sonchus. The various results show that the selectivity and adults compared to the host, the larva of the diet is relatively stable; larvae can damage the plants, feeding is not necessarily able to use their host plants. Food plants on the growth of newly hatched larvae is essential, and only in young stages of the grass ash borer vegetables provide essential nutrients, as long as 3 years old by the gray food before feeding 3rd instar larvae after the nutrition from the host did not affect the difference extremely sensitive. This is the 3rd instar larvae and biology will change after the main feeding and behavior consistent with the expanded host range
Larvae on the pasture the nature and age-related enzyme activity level during the study, results showed that newly hatched larvae esterase and amylase, protease activity was very low, to 3 years old, various enzymes have a degree of increased activity , especially the growth of intestinal protease to 3 times the original. On the larvae of the nature of the main protease, the results showed that larvae of the protease mainly serine protease (including trypsin and chymotrypsin), aminopeptidase; the strongest activity of the enzymes play a different optimal PH value of 8.0 to 10.5 range. Instar larvae grow to 3 in total intestinal protease, tryptase strong base, weak base, tryptase, chymotrypsin, and aminopeptidase activity of newly hatched were 5.96,6.54,4.91,4.45 and 2.48 when times. The above results indicate that the grass moth esterase, amylase and protease activity in a variety of 3rd instar larvae and its host range expansion are closely related; different PH value of the compensation under the various enzyme activity expanded to adapt to different Siliao provide nutrients and overcome the disadvantages brought about by the capacity. Physiological changes in a meadow moth apparently 3 years old, turn the main feeding characteristics and host range of important types of sudden increase in internal.

Answer 3

Larvae on the grass in the field, the distribution of weeds on a systematic survey of the main results are: the investigation to the meadow moth larvae host plants in 9 families, 22 species accounted for 10 families surveyed, 26 species of plants 90% and 84.3%. Larvae are mainly distributed in the Asteraceae plant (9 species), Gramineae (2 species), Chenopodiaceae-(4 species), Polygonaceae (2), and in legumes, two-lipped flowers Branch, Brassicaceae, Convolvulaceae Branch, Geraniaceae only one kind of both. Correlation analysis showed that the density of grass plants larvae distribution in the number of various plants.
By victims of the nutritional effects of plant experimental larvae was found on the larval food plants of different survival rate and pupal weight were different. First, a single host with 3 years old, turn the main deal, the grass can not be fed larvae had a strong use of adult
Large selection Eragrostis. Second, a single host feeding, the feeding dish when the gray 5 instar larvae of the highest survival rate, 83.7%, significantly higher than those fed with the other processing plants; feeding pupal weight when the maximum gray dishes, as 38.9mg, significant In addition to large seeds higher than all the processing outside of Artemisia. Gray had larvae feeding dish 3 years old then keeping a variety of food plants to pupate, the host processing the survival rate has reached the 5th instar larvae of more than 82.0%, and the addition to Artemisia, Eragrostis and Setaria big things, 5th instar larvae survival was no significant difference; in pupal weight, the three host larvae after conversion,
The host address of meadow moth pupal weight compared with the impact of a single host has increased to some extent, but the comparison between host processing, the relative size of pupa weight has not changed. Finally, the newly hatched larvae feeding by three age gray dishes, before digestion can not be used when feeding on newly hatched Sonchus. The various results show that the selectivity and adults compared to the host, the larva of the diet is relatively stable; larvae can damage the plants, feeding is not necessarily able to use their host plants. Food plants on the growth of newly hatched larvae is essential, and only in young stages of the grass ash borer vegetables provide essential nutrients, as long as
3 years old by the gray dish before feeding 3rd instar larvae from the host after the impact of nutritional differences are no longer sensitive. This is the 3rd instar larvae and biology will be transferred after the primary feeding habits and host range expansion in line
Larvae on the pasture the nature and age-related enzyme activity level during the study, results showed that newly hatched larvae esterase, amylase, protease activity was very low, to 3 years old, various enzymes have a degree of increased activity , especially the growth of intestinal protease to 3 times the original. Larvae mainly on the nature of the protease, the results show that the larvae are mainly serine protease protease (including tryptase and chymotrypsin), aminopeptidase; the strongest activity of various enzymes play different, the optimum PH value of 8.0 to 10.5 range.
Instar larvae grow to 3 in total intestinal protease, tryptase strong base, weak base, tryptase, chymotrypsin, and aminopeptidase activity of newly hatched were 5.96,6.54,4.91,4.45 and 2.48 when times. The above results indicate that the grass moth esterase, amylase and protease activity in a variety of 3rd instar larvae with the expansion of host range is closely related; different PH value of the compensation under the various enzyme activity expanded to adapt to different Siliao provide nutrients and overcome the disadvantages brought about by the capacity. Physiological changes in a meadow moth apparently 3 years old, turn the main feeding characteristics and host range of important types of sudden increase in internal.

Answer 4

Larvae on the grass in the field, the distribution of weeds on a systematic survey of the main results are: the investigation to the meadow moth larvae host plants in 9 families, 22 species accounted for 10 families surveyed, 26 species of plants 90% and 84.3%. Larvae are mainly distributed in the Asteraceae plant (9 species), Gramineae (2 species), Chenopodiaceae (4 species), Polygonaceae (2), and in legumes, two-lipped flowers Branch, Brassicaceae, Convolvulaceae Branch, Geraniaceae only one kind of both. Correlation analysis showed that the density of grass plants larvae distribution in the number of various plants.
By victims of the nutritional effects of plant experiments on the larvae found on the larval food plants of different survival rate and pupal weight were different. First, a single host with 3 years old, turn the main processing, lawn moth larvae feeding can have a strong use of adult
Large selection Eragrostis. Second, a single host feeding, the feeding dish when the gray 5 instar larvae of the highest survival rate, 83.7%, significantly higher than those fed with the other processing plants; feeding pupal weight when the maximum gray dishes, as 38.9mg, significant In addition to large seeds higher than all the processing outside of Artemisia. Original larvae after feeding on gray dishes 3 years old feeding a variety of food plants to pupate, the host processing the 5th instar larvae survival rate has reached 82.0% or more, and except Artemisia, Eragrostis and Setaria big things, 5th instar larvae survival was no significant difference; in pupal weight, the three host larvae after conversion,
The host address of the meadow moth pupal weight compared with the impact of a single host has increased to some extent, but the comparison between the host processing, the relative size of the pupal weight did not change. Finally, the newly hatched larvae feeding by three age gray dishes, before digestion can not be used when feeding on newly hatched Sonchus. The various results show that the selectivity and adults compared to the host, the larva of the diet is relatively stable; larvae can damage the plants, feeding is not necessarily able to use their host plants. Food plants on the growth of newly hatched larvae is essential, and only in young stages of the grass ash borer vegetables provide essential nutrients, as long as
3 years old by the gray dish before feeding 3rd instar larvae from the host after the impact of nutritional differences are no longer sensitive. This is the 3rd instar larvae and biology will be transferred after the primary feeding habits and host range expansion in line
Meadow moth larvae on the nature and age-related enzyme activity level during the study, results showed that newly hatched larvae esterase, amylase, protease activity was very low, to 3 years old, various enzymes have a degree of increased activity , especially the growth of intestinal protease to 3 times the original. On the larvae of the nature of the main protease, the results showed that larvae of the protease mainly serine protease (including trypsin and chymotrypsin), aminopeptidase; the strongest activity of the enzymes play a different optimal PH value of 8.0 to 10.5 range.
Instar larvae grow to 3 in total intestinal protease, tryptase strong base, weak base, tryptase, chymotrypsin, and aminopeptidase activity of newly hatched were 5.96,6.54,4.91,4.45 and 2.48 when times. The above results indicate that the grass moth esterase, amylase and protease activity in a variety of 3rd instar larvae and its host range expansion are closely related; different PH value of the compensation under the various enzyme activity expanded to adapt to different Siliao provide nutrients and overcome the disadvantages brought about by the capacity. Physiological changes in a meadow moth apparently 3 years old, turn the main feeding characteristics and host range of important types of sudden increase in internal.

Answer 5

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