英语中主格和宾格分别指什么,有什么区别?
英语中主格和宾格分别指:
主格指的是人称代词的主格,指人称代词居于主语位置,承担发出动作、支配他人他物的语法到位。
宾格表示一个动词直接宾语的名词或一个前置词的宾语。
I(宾格为me)、you(宾格为you)、we(宾格为us)、he(宾格为him)、she(宾格为her)it(宾格为it)以及they(宾格为them)。
举例:you make me sad.
这里的you是主格,me是宾格。
扩展资料:
主格与宾格的定义和区别是:
1、主格是指名词的语法的格。主格通常表示主格在拉丁语和古英语中都有。现在的英语中仍然存在于与宾格相反的主格代名词;
2、宾格表示一个动词直接宾语的名词或一个前置词的宾语;
3、主格放在句首做主语和表语,而宾格放在句末或句中做动词和介词的宾语。
一、当人称代词作表语时,按其语法规则应用主格形式。例如:
A: Who is there?谁在那儿?
B: It's I. 是我。
但是在实际口头交际中,几乎没有什么人说“It is I”这样的话了,甚至有人把“It is I”称为“做作的英语”,而把“It is me”称为“地道的英语”。例如:
“That's him,”said Ann Veronica in sound idiomatic English.“就是他”,安·维罗尼卡用十分地道的英语说道。
“He may be me,”said Father Brown,with cheerful contempt for grammar.“他可能就是我,”布朗神父说道,得意洋洋地蔑视起语法来了。
Our navy is no more superfluity to us:It is us.我国的海军对我们绝不只是可有可无的——它是我们的命根子。
二、当人称代词作主语时,理应用主格代词。例如:
I like him very much.我非常喜欢他。
He gave me a book.他给了我一本书。
但符合下列条件之一者,亦可用宾格人称代词。
1、在自由对话中。例如:
A:Who can drive a bus?谁会开车?
B:Me.我。
A:Who's for a game of tennis.谁要打网球?
B:Me.我。
A:I'm in love.我在恋爱。
B:Me too.我也是。
2、在表示惊奇、反诘、否定、轻蔑、不满和厌烦等感情色彩中。例如:
A:You ought to do it.你应该做这件事。
B:What,me! 什么,我?!
A:I believe he wants to make
you a minister.我相信他要让你当部长。
B:Him! He'd lose the war first.他?!他会先输了这场战争的。
上述几句中均无动词,在下面的句子中尽管出现动词,但只是用非限定性形式。例如:
Me married? I don't think.我结婚了?没这回事。
What! Me fight a big chap like him?Not me!什么!要我跟他这样的大个儿斗?我可不干。
3、在 there be 或 here be 句式中。例如:
There used to be three of us, but now there's only me.以前我们是三个人,而现在只剩下我一个人了。
Here's the boy in gaol and me disgraced forever.这孩子坐了牢,让我永远丢脸。
4、在表示补充说明或意义上转折的句子中使用,有人称之为绝对结构(absolute construction)或省略结构(elliptical construction)。例如:
I was hungry and tired and me without a cent to my name.我又饿有累,而且一文不名。
We had to wade across the street----and me in my best suit.我们得涉水过街,而且我还穿着最好的衣服。
5、在有形容词作人称代词的定语时。例如:
Poor little me always gets the blame.可怜年幼的我老是受责备。
Tall and strong him broke the record for high-jump.身材高大结实的他打破了跳高记录。
6、当人称代词和其他名词并列作句中的主语是。例如:
Lily and me have made up our minds.莉莉和我都下定了决心。
Me and my co-Directors have warned he town again and again what would happen.我和我一起合作的董事们一再提出警告,这个城镇会出事的。
这种人称代词宾格代替主格的用法只见于非正式文体中,在正式英语或书面考试英语中仍应用主格形式。
三、人称代词作宾格时,语法规则要求用宾格,而不能用主格。例如:
Mary loves him very much.玛丽很爱他。
但是,当动词跟随一个并列宾语,而且前一个宾语是代词you或名词时,第二个用作宾语的代词可用主格。例如:
He won't let you and I into the house .他不让你和我进房间去。
Let you and I be friends!咱俩交个朋友吧!
It made Dad and I laugh.这弄得爸爸和我都笑起来了。
She saw you and I last night.她昨晚见到了你和我。
介词后面的并列代词用作宾语时也有这样的情况。例如:
There was agreement between Mr Thumbrill and I.托姆利尔先生和我意见一致。
It's no more use for you and I to kick.你我再发牢骚也没用了。
按照一般语法规则,以上几句中用I的地方都应该用me,因为它们分别用作宾语。但在口语,甚至现在的书面语中,人们常常用I 作动词或介词后面的第二个宾语。
四、在as,than引导的比较状语从句中,人称代词的应用比较复杂。
1、当句中的动词为不可以要求以人作宾语的及物动词时,than,as后面的人称代词既可用主格(符合语法规则)也可用宾格(习惯用法)。试比较:
She speaks English faster than I.She speaks English faster than me.她讲英语比我快。
He talks English as well as I.He talks English as well as me.他英语讲的同我一样好。
2、当句中的动词为不及物动词或系动词时,than,as后面的人称代词可用主格(符合语法规则),亦可用宾格(习惯用法),而且在现代英语中用宾格的情况越来越普遍。试比较:
He is older than I.He is older than me.他比我年龄大。
She runs as fast as I.She runs as fast as me.她跑得跟我一样快。
3、当句中谓语动词为及物动词时,than,as后面的人称代词应根据它们在句中所充当的成分(主语和宾语)分别用主格或宾格。人称代词作主语,该用主格;否则,应用宾格。例如:
Mary likes him better than I.(=Mary likes him better than I like him.)玛丽比我更喜欢他。
Mary likes him better than me.(=Mary likes him better than she likes me.)玛丽更喜欢的是他而不是我。
She knows me as well as he.(=She and he both know me.)她和他都了解我。
She knows me as well as him.(=She knows me and him.)她既了解他,也了解我。
尽管在非正式语体中,也有人把作主语的人称代词用宾语形式表示,如把“Mary likes him better than I.”说成“Mary likes him better than me.”,但从目前的情况来看,这种既不合乎语法规则,意义也不明确的作法都是不足效法的,应当避免使用。
4、在 It be…that强调结构中,如果句子的主语是人称代词,要强调其主语,语法规则要求用主格。例如:
I went to Shanghai three days ago. →It was I that (who) went to Shanghai three days ago.是我三天前去过上海的。
但是在日常谈话,甚至在书面英语中,也会碰到用宾格的现象。例如:
It was me that did it.(=It was I that did it.)是我做了那件事。
It's him that is a genius(=It's he that is a genius)他才是一位天才。
相反,在强调用作宾语的代词时,却以主格形式出现。例如:
2022-03-15
一、基础知识
1.字母:26个字母的大小写
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
2.语音:元音的发音
5个元音字母:A E I O U
12个单元音:
前元音:[i:] [] [e] []
中元音:[:] []
后元音:[ɑ:] [] [:] [u:] [] []
双元音(8个)
合口双元音[ai] [ei] [au] [u] [i]
集中双元音[i] [ε] [u]
3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词
4.句子:大小写,标点符号
二、语法知识
1名词:名词单复数,名词的格
(一)名词单复数
一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变 y 为 i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
以“f 或 fe”结尾,变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
不规则名词复数:
man-men,
woman-women,
policeman-policemen,
policewoman-policewomen,
mouse-mice
child-children,
foot-feet,
tooth-teeth,
fish-fish,
people-people,
Chinese-Chinese,
Japanese-Japanese
不可数名词的复数就是原形:
paper,juice, water, milk, rice, tea
(二)名词的格
(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格:
a) 单数后加 's 如: Lucy's ruler, my father's shirt
b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’ 如: his friends' bags
c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加's children's shoes
并列名词中,如果把 's加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如:
Tom and Mike's car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车
要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加's, 如:
Tom's and Mike's cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车
(2) 表示无生命东西的名词通常用“of +名词”来表示所有关系:
如:a picture of the classroom a map of China
2冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类
(1) 不定冠词:a / an a unit / an uncle
元音开头的可数名词前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange
(2) 定冠词:the
the egg / the plane
2. 用法:
定冠词的用法:
特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk.
复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren't at school.
在序数词前: John's birthday is February the second.
用于固定词组中: in the morning / afternoon / evening
不用冠词的情况:
专有名词前:China is a big country.
名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:
This is my baseball.
复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can't swim. They are teachers.
在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It's Sunday.
一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.
球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.
* 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.
学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.
在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.
固定词组中:at noon at night by bus
3代词、形容词、副词
代词:人称代词,物主代词
形容词,副词:比较级,最高级
(一)、形容词的比较级
1. 形容词比较级在句子中的运用:
两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词 than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。
2. 形容词加er的规则:
一般在词尾加er ;
以字母e 结尾,加r ;
以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ;
以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。
3. 不规则形容词比较级:
good-better,
beautiful-more beautiful
(二)副词的比较级
1. 形容词与副词的区别(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)
⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后
⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后
2. 副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化:well-better, far-farther)
4数词:序数词、基数词
(1) 1-20
one,two, three, our, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty
(2) 21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。
23→twenty-three,
34→thirty-four,
45→forty—five,
56→fifty-six,
67→sixty-seven,
78→seventy-eight,
89→eighty-nine,
91→ninety-one
(3) 101—999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;
586→five hundred and eighty-six,
803→eight hundred and three
(4) 1,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand. 第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion
1,001→ one thousand and one
18,423→ eighteen thousand four hundred and twenty-three
6,260,309→ six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine
750,000,000,000→ seven hundred and fifty bilion
序数词
(1) 一般在基数词后加 th
eg. four→fourth, thirteen→thirteenth
(2) 不规则变化
one→first,
two→second,
three→third,
five→fifth,
eight→eighth,
nine→ninth,
twelve—twelfth
(3) 以 y 结尾的十位整数,变 y 为 ie 再加 th
twenty→twentieth,
forty→fortieth,
ninety→ninetieth
(4) 从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。
twenty-first,
two hundred and forty-fifth
基数词
基数词转为序数词的口诀:
基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th.
一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母 t, d, d.
八去t, 九去e, ve要用f替。
ty 将 y变成 i,th 前面有个 e.
若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。
5介词:常用介词:in, on, at, behind等
1. at 表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。
at 1:00 (dawn,midnight , noon) 在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)
2.on
1) 表示具体日期。
注:(1)关于"在周末"的几种表示法:
at (on) the weekend在周末---特指
at (on) weekends在周末---泛指
over the weekend在整个周末
during the weekend在周末期间
(2)在圣诞节,应说 at Christmas? 而不说 on Christmas?
2) 在(刚……)的时候
On reaching the city he called up his parents.
一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。
3.in
1) 表示"时段"、"时期",在多数情况下可以和 during 互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。
in (during) 1988 (December, the 20th century) 在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)
6动词:动词的四种时态
(1) 一般现在时:
一般现在时的构成
1. be动词:主语+be (am, is, are)+其它。如: I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。
2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如: We study English. 我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese. 玛丽喜欢汉语。
动词+s的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o 结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“辅音字母+y 结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
(2) 一般过去时:
动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有:
A、规则动词
① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改 y 为 i 再加 ed (此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加 y ,所以不属于此类)
④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped
B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,
see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,
are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
(3) 一般将来时:
基本结构:
①be going to + do;
②will+ do. be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
(4) 现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词
动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则:
① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing,如having , writing
③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting
三、句法
1陈述句
(1) 肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:
I'm a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.
(2) 否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:
I'm not a student. She is not (isn't) a doctor.
He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital. There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom.
He will not (won't) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn't) watch TV yesterday evening.
2疑问句
一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes",或“no”来回答。
特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词 (what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等) 开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes /no”来回答。
3There be句型
There be 句型与have, has的区别
1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)
2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最*近be 动词的那个名词决定。
3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把 be 动词调到句首。
4、there be 句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人); have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。
5、some 和 any 在 there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。
6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。
7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:
How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语?
How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?
8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:
What's + 介词短语
2022-03-15
一、基础知识
1.字母:26个字母的大小写
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
2.语音:元音的发音
5个元音字母:A E I O U
12个单元音:
前元音:[i:] [] [e] []
中元音:[:] []
后元音:[ɑ:] [] [:] [u:] [] []
双元音(8个)
合口双元音[ai] [ei] [au] [u] [i]
集中双元音[i] [ε] [u]
一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变 y 为 i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
以“f 或 fe”结尾,变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
不规则名词复数:
man-men,
woman-women,
policeman-policemen,
policewoman-policewomen,
mouse-mice
child-children,
foot-feet,
tooth-teeth,
fish-fish,
people-people,
Chinese-Chinese,
Japanese-Japanese
不可数名词的复数就是原形:
paper,juice, water, milk, rice, tea
(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格:
a) 单数后加 's 如: Lucy's ruler, my father's shirt
b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’ 如: his friends' bags
c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加's children's shoes
并列名词中,如果把 's加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如:
Tom and Mike's car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车
要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加's, 如:
Tom's and Mike's cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车
(2) 表示无生命东西的名词通常用“of +名词”来表示所有关系:
如:a picture of the classroom a map of China
特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk.
复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren't at school.
在序数词前: John's birthday is February the second.
用于固定词组中: in the morning / afternoon / evening
专有名词前:China is a big country.
名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:
This is my baseball.
复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can't swim. They are teachers.
在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It's Sunday.
一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.
球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.
* 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.
学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.
在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.
固定词组中:at noon at night by bus
一般在词尾加er ;
以字母e 结尾,加r ;
以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ;
以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。
⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后
⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后
at (on) the weekend在周末---特指
at (on) weekends在周末---泛指
over the weekend在整个周末
during the weekend在周末期间
(2)在圣诞节,应说 at Christmas? 而不说 on Christmas?
1. be动词:主语+be (am, is, are)+其它。如: I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。
2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如: We study English. 我们学习英语。
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o 结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“辅音字母+y 结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改 y 为 i 再加 ed (此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加 y ,所以不属于此类)
④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped
①be going to + do;
②will+ do. be going to = will
① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing,如having , writing
③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting
I'm a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.
I'm not a student. She is not (isn't) a doctor.
He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital. There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom.
He will not (won't) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn't) watch TV yesterday evening.
1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)
2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最*近be 动词的那个名词决定。
3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把 be 动词调到句首。
4、there be 句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人); have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。
5、some 和 any 在 there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。
6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。
7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:
How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语?
How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?
8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:
What's + 介词短语?
3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词
4.句子:大小写,标点符号
二、语法知识
1名词:名词单复数,名词的格
(一)名词单复数
(二)名词的格
2冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类
(1) 不定冠词:a / an a unit / an uncle
元音开头的可数名词前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange
(2) 定冠词:the
the egg / the plane
2. 用法:
定冠词的用法:
不用冠词的情况:
3代词、形容词、副词
代词:人称代词,物主代词
形容词,副词:比较级,最高级
(一)、形容词的比较级
1. 形容词比较级在句子中的运用:
两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词 than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。
2. 形容词加er的规则:
3. 不规则形容词比较级:
good-better,
beautiful-more beautiful
(二)副词的比较级
1. 形容词与副词的区别(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)
2. 副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化:well-better, far-farther)
4数词:序数词、基数词
(1) 1-20
one,two, three, our, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty
(2) 21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。
23→twenty-three,
34→thirty-four,
45→forty—five,
56→fifty-six,
67→sixty-seven,
78→seventy-eight,
89→eighty-nine,
91→ninety-one
(3) 101—999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;
586→five hundred and eighty-six,
803→eight hundred and three
(4) 1,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand. 第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion
1,001→ one thousand and one
18,423→ eighteen thousand four hundred and twenty-three
6,260,309→ six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine
750,000,000,000→ seven hundred and fifty bilion
序数词
(1) 一般在基数词后加 th
eg. four→fourth, thirteen→thirteenth
(2) 不规则变化
one→first,
two→second,
three→third,
five→fifth,
eight→eighth,
nine→ninth,
twelve—twelfth
(3) 以 y 结尾的十位整数,变 y 为 ie 再加 th
twenty→twentieth,
forty→fortieth,
ninety→ninetieth
(4) 从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。
twenty-first,
two hundred and forty-fifth
基数词
基数词转为序数词的口诀:
基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th.
一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母 t, d, d.
八去t, 九去e, ve要用f替。
ty 将 y变成 i,th 前面有个 e.
若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。
5介词:常用介词:in, on, at, behind等
1. at 表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。
at 1:00 (dawn,midnight , noon) 在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)
2.on
1) 表示具体日期。
注:(1)关于"在周末"的几种表示法:
2) 在(刚……)的时候
On reaching the city he called up his parents.
一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。
3.in
1) 表示"时段"、"时期",在多数情况下可以和 during 互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。
in (during) 1988 (December, the 20th century) 在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)
6动词:动词的四种时态
(1) 一般现在时:
一般现在时的构成
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese. 玛丽喜欢汉语。
动词+s的变化规则
(2) 一般过去时:
动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有:
A、规则动词
B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,
see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,
are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
(3) 一般将来时:
基本结构:
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
(4) 现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词
动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则:
三、句法
1陈述句
(1) 肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:
(2) 否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:
2疑问句
一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes",或“no”来回答。
特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词 (what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等) 开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes /no”来回答。
3There be句型
There be 句型与have, has的区别