Question

英语过去式

什么时候用助动词BE 助动词Did

Answer 1

八种时态的具体用法：
一般现在时 表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。
① 一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语：often,usually,sometimes,always,every (day等), once/twice,a (week等), on (Sunday等),never,in the (morning等)。如：They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他们每年去一次故宫)/ They often discuss business in the evening.(他们经常在晚上商谈生意)
② 表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。如：The earth turns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转)/ Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快)
③ 表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的事情,用一般现在可以表达将来,句子中可以有将来时间。如：The train for Haikou leaves at 8：00 in the morning.(开往汉口的列车上午8点开车)
④ 在时间状语从句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引导)和条件状语从句中(以if,unless引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子可以有将来时间。如：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德国就给我打电话) / If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家)
⑤ 一般现在时用于倒装句中可以表示正在发生的动作,动词以come, go为主。如：Here comes the bus. (车来了) / There goes the bell.(铃响了)。
⑥ 一般现在时常用于体育比赛的解说或寓言故事中。Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it.
⑦ 人的心理活动和感官动作一般用一般现在时而不用现在进行时表达,常见动词有：like, love, hate, dislike, want, wish, hope, think(认为),understand, remember, forget, mean, need, hear, feel, see. 如：I think it is going to snow.(我想天要下雪了)/ I really hope you can enjoy your stay here.(我真的希望你愉快地呆在这儿)
一般过去时 表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常
发生。
① 表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：at (eight) (yesterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, when引导的时间状语从句。如：I got up at 6：00 this morning.(我是早上六点钟起床的)/ Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.(小汤姆今天早上九点半把窗子打破了)/ When he went into the room,he saw a stranger talking with his father.(他走进房间时发现一个陌生人正和他父亲谈话)
② 表示过去一段时间内不知何时发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：yesterday, last (year等), in (1998 等)。如：He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年来到我们市)
③ 表示过去一个阶段中经常发生的事情时,时间状语有：last…, in…, from…to…, for(10 years),often,usually, sometimes, always, never等。如：Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young. / Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him.
④ 讲故事、对过去经历的回忆、双方都明白的过去事件等一般用过去时,而且经常省略时间状语。如：I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西)
一般将来时 表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。
①一般将来时的时间状语有：tomorrow,this (afternoon),next (year),one day,now,soon,
someday,sometime, in the future, when引导的从句等。
② 用will构成的将来时,表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。“shall”用于第一人称,“will”
用于所有人称。如：I will graduate from this school soon.(我很快就要从这所中学毕业了)/ You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一个人过了)
③ “am/is/are going to+动词原形”表示打算或准备要做的事情,或者主观判断即将要发生的事情,而“am/is/are to +动词原形”表示安排或计划中的动作。如：A man told them that the woman was to give birth to the special baby.(有一个人告诉他们那个妇女就会生下那个特别的男孩)/ It’s going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了)
④ 表示一个人临时决定要做某事,可以用will表达。如：I will go to the lab to get some
chemicals(化学药剂). So please wait until I return.(我要到化学实验室去取些药品,请等我回头)
⑤ 现在进行时、一般现在时也可以表示将来。(见相应时态)
⑥ shall和will 在口语的一些疑问句中相当于情态动词。Shall一般与第一人称连用,will与第二人称连用。如：Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我们下周六去动物园好吗？)/ Will you please open the door for me?(替我把门打开好吗？)
⑦ “be to +动词原形”表示按照计划将要发生的事情。如：An angel came to tell her that she was to have this special boy.

(4)现在进行时 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。
① 现在进行时由“助动词be (am is are ) +现在分词”构成。
② 现在进行时的时间状语有： now, this …, these…等,但经常不用。如：What are you doing up in the tree?(你在树上干什么？)/ I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在写一本长篇小说)
③ 表示即将发生的动作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常见的动词有：come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。如：I’m coming now.(我就来)/ What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什么？)/ He is leaving soon.(他就要走了)
④ 表示频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。如：He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it some time later.(他老是向我借钱,过一些时候就忘得一干二净
(5)过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。
① 过去进行时由“was(第一、三人称单数)或were(第二人称单数和各人称的复数)+现在分词”构成。
② 过去进行时的时间状语有：then, at that time, this time yesterday, at (eight) yesterday (morning),(a year) ago, 以及由when引出的时间状语从句。如：He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭)/ The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.(我看到小女孩的时候她正在玩玩具)
③ 用于宾语从句或时间状语从句中,表示与主句动作同时进行而且是延续时间较长。句子中通常不用时间状语。如：She was it happen when she was walking past.(她路过时看到事情的发生)/ They sang a lot of songs while they were walking in the dark forest.(他们在黑暗的森林里走时唱了很多歌)
④ 也可以表示过去一个阶段频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。如：He was always borrowing money from me when he lived here.(他住在这里时老向我借钱)

(6)现在完成时 现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。
①在完成时由“助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词”构成。
②表示发生在过去的对现在仍有影响的动作时,时间状语有：already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。如：I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前从来没有看过这么好的画)/ He has just gone to England.(他刚去英国)
③表示在过去开始一直延续到现在(可能延续下去)的动作或状态时,时间状语有：for (two years),since 1990, since (two weeks ago)和since引导的状语从句。如：I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.(我离开家乡有30年了)/ Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.(自从这家工厂开张,王叔叔一直在那儿工作)
④口语中have got往往表示have(有)的意思。如：They have got thousands of books in their library.(他们图书馆有上万本书)
⑤have been to与have gone to的区别：have gone to(“已经去了”)表示人不在这里,have been to(“去过”)表示人在这里。如：--Where is Mr Li? –He has gone to the UK.(李先生在哪里？他去了英国。)/ --Do you know something about Beijing? –Yes,I have been to Beijing three times. (你知道北京的情况吗？是的,我去过那里三次。)
⑥在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。具体变化见下表：

瞬间性动词的完成时 → 延续性动词或状态动词的完成时
have (already) gone to… have been in / at … for (two years)
has come to… has been here since (1990)
(had) left… (had) been away from…
arrived… been in…
died been dead
begun been on
ended been over
bought... had…
borrowed… kept…
joined… been in …
或者使用下面这个句型：
It is / has been + (多久)+ since + 主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+……+过去时间状语
[注意] 在其它的时态中也存在类似问题,记住,关键是：瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用。如：How long may I keep the book?(这本书我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow)
(7) 过去完成时 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作。简言之, 过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。
①过去完成时由“助动词had+动词的过去分词”构成。
②过去完成时时间状语有：by (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last…)或者由when,before等引出状语从句。有时句子中会有already, just, once, ever, never等词语,也会有for… 或since…构成的时间状语。如：They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.(当老师来的时候他们已经打扫完了教室)/ The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.(在他发觉那个妇女是个骗子时她已经走掉了)
③过去完成时常用于宾语从句中、after引导的从句中,或者从句是before引导的主句中。如：After I had put on my shoes and hat,I walked into the darkness.(我穿上鞋子戴上帽子走进了黑暗之中)/ He said that he had never seen a kangaroo before.(他说他以前从来没有见过袋鼠)
(8) 过去将来时 过去将来时表示在过去预计将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
①过去将来时由“助动词should(第一人称)或would(第二、三人称)+动词原形”构成。在美国英语中,过去将来时的助动词一律用“would +动词原形”。
②过去将来时常由于宾语从句中,时间状语有：later, soon, the next (day).
③在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中不可以使用过去将来时,而应该使用一般过去时。如：He promised that he would pay me a lot if I helped him with the project.(他答应付给我许多钱如果我帮助他搞那个项目)/ Every time when he was free,he would sit down and read some books.(每次只要他有空他就会坐下来看看书)
④表示纯粹的将来时用would或should,表示打算或主观认为的事情用was/were going to (+动词原形)。如：She told me she would be 18 the next month.(她告诉我她下个月就18岁了)/ She told me that she was going to have a walk with her pet dog.(她告诉我她打算带她的宠物狗去散步)
⑤过去将来时还可以表示一个过去经常性的动作。如：When it rained in the day, he would bring an umbrella with him.(白天下雨时他会随身带一把雨伞)
(9)现在完成进行时：现在完成进行时指一个从过去就开始一直延续到现在并由可能继续下去的动作,它具有现在完成时和现在进行时双重特征,结构是：“have/has + been +动词的现在分词”。如：I have been swimming in the cold water for about two hours.(我已经在冰冷的水里游了将近两个小时)/ How long have you been waiting here?(你在这里一直等了多久？)

Answer 2

A. 原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同.

cost----cost----cost cut----cut----cut put----put----put

let----let----let set----set----set hit----hit----hit

shut----shut----shut hurt---hurt----hurt read---read----read 读音 /e/

lie---lied---lied 说谎 lay---laid---laid 放置，下蛋
lay--- lain 躺下，位于，平放

eg. The hens don’t _______eggs during such cold weather.

She _____ her books on the table. ____

B. 过去式与过去分词完全相同

1. 过去式和过去分词中含有ought, aught, 读音是〔 :t〕

bright----brought----brought think----thought----thought buy----bought----bought

catch----caught----caught teach ---- taught ----taught

2. 动词原形中的e为o，变成过去式和过去分词。

get----got----got sell----sold----sold tell----told----told

3. 动词原形中i为a, … sit----sat----sat spit----spat----spat

4. 动词原形中i为o, … win----won----won shine----shone/ shined----shone / shined

5. 动词原形中an为oo, … stand----stood---stood understand----understood----understood

6. 动词原形中的ay为ai,… say----said----said pay----paid----paid

7. a）动词原形中的d为t,… send----sent----sent lend----lent----lent

spend----spent----spent build----built----built

b ) 动词原形最后一个字母改为t , … smell----smelt----smelt lose----lost----lost

c ) 动词原形后加一个字母t, … learn----learnt----learnt mean----meant----meant 读音/e/

d ) 动词原形中的ee去掉一个字母e, 然后在词尾加t. 字母e发音/e/

feel----felt----felt sleep----slept----slept sweep---swept----swept

keep---- kept----- kept

其它meet----met----met have----had----had hold----held----held

make----made----made dig----dug----dug hear----heard----heard

find----found----found hang----hung ----hung

C.原型与过去分词相同

come----came----come run----ran----run become----became----become

D. 原形，过去式， 和 过去分词完全不同

1. 把动词原形中i改为a变成过去式，改成u变成过去分词．

begin ---- began -----begun drink---drank----drunk ring----rang-----rung

swim----swam----swum sing----sang----sung

2. 把动词原形中o改为e变成过去式，在原形词尾加n变成过去分词．

blow----blew----blown grow----grew----grown know---knew---known

throw ---- threw ---- thrown fly ----flew /flu:/ ----flown ( 和以上相似)

3. 以下动词的过去分词都以en结尾，故把它们分为一类．

a ) 把动词原形中i改为o变成过去式，在词尾加n变成过去分词．

drive----drove----driven rise---rose---risen write---wrote---written (双写t )

ride----rode----ridden (双写d )

b ) 把动词原形中ea改为o, 在词尾加e变成过去式，在过去式后加n变成过去分词．

speak----spoke----spoken steal----stole----stolen break----broke----broken

c ) 把动词原形中的个别字母或字母组合改为o变成过去式, 在过去式后加n变成过去分词．

wake----woke----woken freeze----froze----frozen

choose----chose----chosen forget----forgot----forgotten （双写t，加en ）

d) 其它过去分词以en结尾的动词

eat----ate----eaten beat---- beat ---- beaten fall----fell----fallen

give----gave----given see----saw----seen take----took----taken

mistake---- mistook----- mistaken hide----hid----hidden （双写d ）

E. 没有过去分词的动词

can ----- could － may---- might － shall---- should－ will ---- would －

其它
am, is ---- was----- been are-----were----- been do-----did----- done

draw-----drew----- drawn／ :／ go-----went----- gone show----showed----shown

wear--- wore ---- worn

不规则动词的过去式 （初二）

不规则动词的过去式是同学们学习的重点，也是一个难点。同学们应通过不规则动词的动词原形和它们的过去式找出其变化规律，总结如下：
1. 把动词原形中的o改为a，变成过去式。过去分词不变．如：
become—became, come—came
2．把动词原形中的i改为a，变成过去式。如：
begin—began，drink—drank，give—gave，ring—rang，sing—sang，sit—sat，swim—swam ，sink—sank，
3．把重读开音节中的i改为o，变成过去式。如：
drive—drove，ride—rode，shine—shone，win—won，write—wrote
4．动词原形中的e改为o，变成过去式。如：
get—got，forget—forgot
5．动词原形中的eep改为ept，变成过去式。如：
keep—kept，sleep—slept，sweep—swept
6. 动词原形中的an改为oo，变成过去式。如：
stand—stood，understand—understood
7．改动词原形中的aw ／ow为ew，变成过去式。如：
draw—drew，grow—grew，know—knew，throw—threw（动词show除外，show—showed）
8．动词原形中的eak改为oke，变成过去式。如：
break—broke，speak—spoke
9．动词原形中的ell改为old，变成过去式。如：
sell—sold，tell—told
10．以ought和aught结尾，且读音是〔 :t〕的过去式。如：
bring—brought，buy—bought，think—thought，catch—caught，teach—taught
11．以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。如：
can—could，shall—should，will—would

12．在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式，并且发生音变。如：
hear〔hi 〕—heard〔h :d〕， say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕，
mean〔mi:n〕—meant〔ment〕， dream—dreamt 〔dremt〕
13．动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如：
cut—cut, hit—hit, hurt—hurt, let—let，must—must，
put—put，read—read〔red〕，set—set
14. 动词的过去式有两种形式。如：
dream—dreamed/ dreamt learn—learnt/ learned shine—shone/ shined
smell—smelt/ smelled wake—woke/ waked
15．不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如：
am，is—was，are—were，build—built，do—did，eat—ate，fall—fell，
feel—felt，find—found，fly—flew，go—went，have ／has— had，hide—hid，
hold—held，lay—laid，leave—left，lie—lay，lose—lost，make—made，may—
might，run—ran，see—saw， smell—smelt，take—took，wake—woke，
wear—wore

Answer 3

be 动词的一般过去时表示过去某个时间存在的状态，通常和ago, last, yesterday, the day before yesterday, just now, a moment ago或者具体的过去的日期、年代连用。

⑴一般过去时中主语是第一人称或者第三人称单数、名词的单数形式时，谓语动词用was。当主语是第二人称或者复数形式时，谓语动词用were。

I was at home last night.

The man was born in America.

The woman was a teacher four years ago.

My father was at the office just now.

Yesterday it was rainy.

The day before yesterday the girl was ill.

Last spring the boy was in Canada.

In 1990 the girl was ten years old.

The boys were in the classroom a moment ago.

They were on the playground two hours ago.

We were in the park yesterday morning.

⑵ be 动词的一般过去时的各种句式

肯定句：The old man was at home last night.

The students were in the classroom two hours ago.

否定句：The old man was not (wasn’t) at home last night.

The students were not (weren’t ) in the classroom two hours ago.

一般疑问句：Was the old man at home last night?

Yes, he was. / No, he wasn’t.

Were the students in the classroom two hours ago?

Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t.

特殊疑问句：Where was the old man last night?

When was the old man at home?

Who was at home last night?

Where were the students two hours ago?

When were the students in the classroom?

Who were in the classroom two hours ago?
did [did]
v. 做
conj. 是,要,做
The child's parents were frantic when she did not return home on time.
那孩子没有按时回家，她父母都要急疯了。
Did you come to London for the purpose of seeing your family, or for business purposes?
你到伦敦来的目的是为了要看望家人还是为了公事？
Failing instructions I did what I thought was best.
没有任何指示，我只能按我认为最好的方法去做了。
She said she did not need intercession about her marriage.
她说她的婚姻不需要仲裁。
How did Mary make all of her money?
玛丽所有的钱是怎么赚到的？
Danger attended everything he did.
他所做的每一件事都有危险。
Did you claim on the insurance after your car accident?
出了车祸后，你向保险公司要求赔偿了吗？
Just to satisfy my curiosity, how much did you pay for your car?
我只是出于好奇，请问你买这辆车花了多少钱？

Answer 4

BE：
1、作为“是”时，用BE动词，He is a student.I was a student. (我过去是个学生，我曾是个学生。）

2、要用被动语态，就是“被。。。”时，用BE+动词过去式。例如，this paper is written by Tom. 这篇论文是Tom写得，也就是“这篇论文被Tom写了”。

3、be+形容词（形容词是动词的过去分词形式）。有些动词的过去分词形式有形容词意思，例如。It is broken.它坏了，破了。

DO:
1、作为“做”的过去式。例如，I did it.我做的。

2、作为助动词时，当一般的动词过去式出现否定形式时，用到。He did not ride the bike.

3、一般的动词变过去式时，直接变形就可以，不需要出现DID.

4、表示“肯定意味”的过去式。如，I do hurt him.我确实伤了他。如果换成过去式就是I did hurt him.相同的意思，表示“我确实曾伤了他”。

Answer 5

A. 原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同.

cost----cost----cost cut----cut----cut put----put----put

let----let----let set----set----set hit----hit----hit

shut----shut----shut hurt---hurt----hurt read---read----read 读音 /e/

lie---lied---lied 说谎 lay---laid---laid 放置，下蛋
lay--- lain 躺下，位于，平放

eg. The hens don’t _______eggs during such cold weather.

She _____ her books on the table. ____

B. 过去式与过去分词完全相同

1. 过去式和过去分词中含有ought, aught, 读音是〔 :t〕

bright----brought----brought think----thought----thought buy----bought----bought

catch----caught----caught teach ---- taught ----taught

2. 动词原形中的e为o，变成过去式和过去分词。

get----got----got sell----sold----sold tell----told----told

3. 动词原形中i为a, … sit----sat----sat spit----spat----spat

4. 动词原形中i为o, … win----won----won shine----shone/ shined----shone / shined

5. 动词原形中an为oo, … stand----stood---stood understand----understood----understood

6. 动词原形中的ay为ai,… say----said----said pay----paid----paid

7. a）动词原形中的d为t,… send----sent----sent lend----lent----lent

spend----spent----spent build----built----built

b ) 动词原形最后一个字母改为t , … smell----smelt----smelt lose----lost----lost

c ) 动词原形后加一个字母t, … learn----learnt----learnt mean----meant----meant 读音/e/

d ) 动词原形中的ee去掉一个字母e, 然后在词尾加t. 字母e发音/e/

feel----felt----felt sleep----slept----slept sweep---swept----swept

keep---- kept----- kept

其它meet----met----met have----had----had hold----held----held

make----made----made dig----dug----dug hear----heard----heard

find----found----found hang----hung ----hung

C.原型与过去分词相同

come----came----come run----ran----run become----became----become

D. 原形，过去式， 和 过去分词完全不同

1. 把动词原形中i改为a变成过去式，改成u变成过去分词．

begin ---- began -----begun drink---drank----drunk ring----rang-----rung

swim----swam----swum sing----sang----sung

2. 把动词原形中o改为e变成过去式，在原形词尾加n变成过去分词．

blow----blew----blown grow----grew----grown know---knew---known

throw ---- threw ---- thrown fly ----flew /flu:/ ----flown ( 和以上相似)

3. 以下动词的过去分词都以en结尾，故把它们分为一类．

a ) 把动词原形中i改为o变成过去式，在词尾加n变成过去分词．

drive----drove----driven rise---rose---risen write---wrote---written (双写t )

ride----rode----ridden (双写d )

b ) 把动词原形中ea改为o, 在词尾加e变成过去式，在过去式后加n变成过去分词．

speak----spoke----spoken steal----stole----stolen break----broke----broken

c ) 把动词原形中的个别字母或字母组合改为o变成过去式, 在过去式后加n变成过去分词．

wake----woke----woken freeze----froze----frozen

choose----chose----chosen forget----forgot----forgotten （双写t，加en ）

d) 其它过去分词以en结尾的动词

eat----ate----eaten beat---- beat ---- beaten fall----fell----fallen

give----gave----given see----saw----seen take----took----taken

mistake---- mistook----- mistaken hide----hid----hidden （双写d ）

E. 没有过去分词的动词

can ----- could － may---- might － shall---- should－ will ---- would －

其它
am, is ---- was----- been are-----were----- been do-----did----- done

draw-----drew----- drawn／ :／ go-----went----- gone show----showed----shown

wear--- wore ---- worn

不规则动词的过去式 （初二）

不规则动词的过去式是同学们学习的重点，也是一个难点。同学们应通过不规则动词的动词原形和它们的过去式找出其变化规律，总结如下：
1. 把动词原形中的o改为a，变成过去式。过去分词不变．如：
become—became, come—came
2．把动词原形中的i改为a，变成过去式。如：
begin—began，drink—drank，give—gave，ring—rang，sing—sang，sit—sat，swim—swam ，sink—sank，
3．把重读开音节中的i改为o，变成过去式。如：
drive—drove，ride—rode，shine—shone，win—won，write—wrote
4．动词原形中的e改为o，变成过去式。如：
get—got，forget—forgot
5．动词原形中的eep改为ept，变成过去式。如：
keep—kept，sleep—slept，sweep—swept
6. 动词原形中的an改为oo，变成过去式。如：
stand—stood，understand—understood
7．改动词原形中的aw ／ow为ew，变成过去式。如：
draw—drew，grow—grew，know—knew，throw—threw（动词show除外，show—showed）
8．动词原形中的eak改为oke，变成过去式。如：
break—broke，speak—spoke
9．动词原形中的ell改为old，变成过去式。如：
sell—sold，tell—told
10．以ought和aught结尾，且读音是〔 :t〕的过去式。如：
bring—brought，buy—bought，think—thought，catch—caught，teach—taught
11．以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。如：
can—could，shall—should，will—would

12．在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式，并且发生音变。如：
hear〔hi 〕—heard〔h :d〕， say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕，
mean〔mi:n〕—meant〔ment〕， dream—dreamt 〔dremt〕
13．动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如：
cut—cut, hit—hit, hurt—hurt, let—let，must—must，
put—put，read—read〔red〕，set—set
14. 动词的过去式有两种形式。如：
dream—dreamed/ dreamt learn—learnt/ learned shine—shone/ shined
smell—smelt/ smelled wake—woke/ waked
15．不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如：
am，is—was，are—were，build—built，do—did，eat—ate，fall—fell，
feel—felt，find—found，fly—flew，go—went，have ／has— had，hide—hid，
hold—held，lay—laid，leave—left，lie—lay，lose—lost，make—made，may—
might，run—ran，see—saw， smell—smelt，take—took，wake—woke，
wear—wore