初中英语语法之介词(2)
展开全部
注意
in front of和 before均是“在……之前”的意思,但表示场所时要用in front of而不用before。
(○)in front of the room (×)before the room
There is a tree in front of the house.
在房屋前面有一棵树。
There is a big desk for the teacher in the front of the classroom.
在教室的前部有一张大讲桌。
2)behind:在……后面
behind是in front of的反义词。
There is a tree behind the house.
房子后面有一棵树。
at the back of my house 在我家房屋的后面
注意
可以用 at the back of…=behind…
()6 in,into,out of
1)in:在……之内,用于表示静止的位置
The students are in the classroom.
学生们在教室里。
注意
out of…与from的区别
表示“由内往外”的动作时’用out of;表示“从……起”(起点)时,使用from。
Tom went out of the room with Li Ming.
汤姆和李明走出房间。
The train is from Boston.这辆火车是从波士顿开来的。
2)into:进入
用于表示有特定终点的运动的方向。通常用于表示动作的动词之后,如:go,come,walk,run ……
The students run into the classroom.学生们跑进教室。
He jumped into the water.他跳入水中。
3)out of:和into 一样,也表示有一定的运动方向
The students rushed out of the room.
学生们冲出房间。
(7 )along,across,through
1)along:沿着
I was walking along the river when it began to rain,
我正沿着河边散步,突然下起雨来了。
2)across:横过
I often swim across the river.
我常游泳横渡这条河。
3)through:贯穿,通过
The river was through the city.这条河穿过这个城市。
(8 )to,for,from
1)to:到达……地点(目的地)
注意:
to与towards的区别
to:表示到达某地,(一般指目的地)
towards:指方向、朝向,而不是目的地。
He walked to wards the gate of the park.
他朝着公园大门走去。(大门不是目的地)。
He came to Japan in 1980. 他1980年来到日本。
Tom has gone to school. 汤姆已经去学校了。
2)for:表示目的地,“向……”
Ill leave for America next week.
下周我将动身去美国。
for表目的时,一般是和固定词搭配。
leave for 动身去……
start for 出发去……
3)from:从……地点起……
Its about ten minutes walk from here to the cinema.
从这儿到电影院大约需步行十分钟。
How tar is it from our school to the hospital?
从我们学校到医院有多远?
IV其他介词
介词除了表示“时间”、“场所”以外,也表示“手段”、“材料”……等
(1 )表示手段和材料的介词用 with,in,by
1)with:和……在一起
比较
in和 with
用in,with表工具或方法时,在译成中文时区别不大,但在英语上的用法却不大相同。
a.用“with”时,后面的名词要加上冠词或代词。
with my ear用我的耳朵with a pencil用一支铅笔
b.用in时,后面加物质名词,不能加冠词。
in ink 用墨水 in pencil 用铅笔
Will you please go with me?你和我一起去好吗?
c.具有、带有
He was a handsome boy with large bright eyes.
他是有着一双大眼睛的英俊男孩子。
d.用某工具或方法
Li Li cut her hand with a knife.
莉莉用刀把手弄破了。
I see with my eyes.我用眼睛看。
He wrote the letter with a new pen.
他用一支新钢笔写这封信。
2)in:表示用什么材料(例如用墨水、铅笔)等,或用什么语言,或者表示衣着、声调特点时,不用with,而用in。
She wrote a letter in black ink.
她用黑色的墨水写信。
Dont write it in pencil but in ink.
别用铅笔写,用钢笔(水)写。
3)by:通过……方法、手段
He goes to school by bicycle.
他骑自行车上学。
《by +交通工具》的词组
by bicycle 骑自行车 by plane 坐飞机
by car 坐小汽车 (=by air)
by bus 坐公共汽车 by train 坐火车
by taxi 坐出租车 by ship 坐船
比较
搭乘交通工具
用by来表示搭乘交通工具方式、手段时,名词前不加冠词。
by train 坐火车
You can go there in my car.
你可以坐我的车去那儿。
用in表示时,后面要用冠词或代词。同样坐公共汽车可以说:
take the(a)bus
(2 )of,from
1)of:(属于)……的;表示……的数量或种类
This is a map of China.这是一幅中国地图。
Will you please give me a cup of tea?
请您给我一杯茶好吗?
2)from:来自(某地、某人);以……起始;(时间或地点)
Im from Nanjing.我是南京人。
I have got a letter from my friend.我收到了一封我朋友的来信。
比较:
make…of…与make…from…这两个词组都是“由…制成”的意思,它们的区别在于:如果制造出来的东西还看得出原料是什么,用“make…of…”;看不出原料是什么,用“make…from…”。
The box is made of wood.这箱子是木料做的。
The paper is made from rice straw.这纸是用稻草造的。
(3) without,like,as
1)without:没有,是with的反义词
Men cant live without air and water.
人类没有空气和水不能生存。
I cant read the book without using a dictionary.
不用字典,我看不了这本书。
Please give me a cup of coffee without milk.
请给我一杯不加奶的咖啡。
Please give me a cup of coffee with milk.
请给我一杯加奶的咖啡。
2)like:像……一样
Nancy is just like her mother.
南希和她的妈妈一样。
前句还可写成 Nancy looks like her mother.(南希和她妈妈长得一样)。用look时,强调外表。
(3)as:作为
He is famous as a scientist here.
他在此地作为一个科学家而闻名。
(4 )against,about
1)against:反对;靠着
He is against the plan.(Li Ming)
他反对这个计划。(他反对李明)。
The teacher is standing against the blackboard.
老师正靠着黑板站着。
2)about:a.关于;各处;身旁
Tell me something about your life.
告诉我你的生活情况。
He looked about himself.
他向四处张望。
I have no money about(=with)me.
我身上没带钱。
b.询问某人某物的情况或提出建议
What about your sister?
你姐姐情况如何?
How about going to the park?
去公园怎么样?
注意
What about …?与How about…?的用法没有区别。
(5)for , to
for表示“为了.”
to 表示动作对象, “对, 向”, 如:
He would do anything for his motherland.
Did you mention this to my father? 你对我父亲提起过这件事吗?
for 表示“就某情况而说 ”, to 表示“对某对象而言”如:
It’s quite warm today for February.就二月的天气,今天够暖和的。
What he told you just now was not new to me。他刚才对你所说的话对我并不新鲜。
for 表示“目的,用途”。与go, come 动词连用。
(6)except , besides
except 表示“从总体中排除一部分”, 与but 同义, besides 表示“除了一部分还有另一部分”
We all failed except him. 我们都失败了,但他没有。
He speaks German besides French.. 除法语外, 他还会讲英语。
V各种介词短语
(1)使用工具 with a pencil 交通工具 by bus
用某语言 in French
用电视(学英语) learn English on TV
付多少钱 for two dollars
(2)介词短语
介词和动词、形容词或名词相结合后,形成复合词,有特定的意思,应一一背诵。将介词短语分类如下:
1.动词+介词 (talk about~,look at~)
2.be动词+形容词+介词(be kind to~)
3.介词+名词 (at home,on foot,in time)
1)动词+介词
talk about(sth.):谈论某事
They are talking about their school.
他们正在谈论他们的学校。
2)talk to sb.(=talk with sb.):和某人谈论
Dont talk to your desk mate,Li Ming.
李明,不要和你的同桌说话。
3)look at:注视
She looked at the blackboard,but saw nothing.
4)listen to:倾听
I listened to him,but heard nothing.
我注意听他说话,但什么也听不见。
5)call on(sb.):拜访
He called on his uncle yesterday.
昨天他看望了他的叔叔。
6)arrive at(in):到达
We arrived at the station at noon.我们中午到达车站。
We arrived in Beijing last year.我们去年到(达)北京。
注意
arrive at(in)中的介词at用于比较小的地方。in用于比较大的地方。
口语中常用get to代替arrive at(in)。
Ill get to the factory at three.我将在三点钟到工厂。
7)take care of:照顾
The old men were taken good care of.
老人们受到了很好的照顾。
8)wait for:等待
Ill wait for you until eight oclock.
我等你到八点钟。
9)look for:寻找
I looked for my watch every place but I didnt find it.
我到处找我的表,但是没找到。
其他重要的介词短语
speak to 和……说话 stay with 和某人呆在一起
think about 考虑有关…… write to 给某人写信
2 )be动词+形容词+介词
1.be kind to:对某人亲切
His step-mother was kind to him.
他的继母对他很好。
2.be good at:在……做得好;擅长于……
Are you good at speaking English?你英语说得好吗?
3.be late for:迟到
He is always late for school.他上学总是迟到。
4.be afraid of:害怕……The boy isnt afraid of big dogs.
5.be sorry for(sth.):为……抱歉
Im sorry for being late.抱歉,我迟到了。
其他重要的介词短语
be absent from 缺席
be proud of 以……为自豪
be different from 和……不同
be famous for 因……而著名
be fond of…… 爱好,喜欢
be pleased with 乐于
3) 介词+名词
1.at:at home 在家 at school 在学校
at least 至少 at present 目前 at first 起初
at once 立刻 at last 最后(终于)
at night 夜晚
语词互换
be good at=can…well他游泳游得很好。
He is good at swimming.
He can swim well be full of=be filled with
箱子里都是(装满了)苹果。
The box is full of apples.
The box is filled with apples.
2.on:
on foot 步行 on one’s way 在去某地的路上
on the telephone 用电话 on time 准时
3.for:
for a while 一会儿 for example 例如for oneself 为了自己
for hours(days, years)有好几小时(天,年)
4.in:
in English 用英语 in those days在当时 in class 课上
in time 及时
5.by:
by the way 顺便说 by oneself 独自地
6.其他:after school 放学后 of course 当然
in front of和 before均是“在……之前”的意思,但表示场所时要用in front of而不用before。
(○)in front of the room (×)before the room
There is a tree in front of the house.
在房屋前面有一棵树。
There is a big desk for the teacher in the front of the classroom.
在教室的前部有一张大讲桌。
2)behind:在……后面
behind是in front of的反义词。
There is a tree behind the house.
房子后面有一棵树。
at the back of my house 在我家房屋的后面
注意
可以用 at the back of…=behind…
()6 in,into,out of
1)in:在……之内,用于表示静止的位置
The students are in the classroom.
学生们在教室里。
注意
out of…与from的区别
表示“由内往外”的动作时’用out of;表示“从……起”(起点)时,使用from。
Tom went out of the room with Li Ming.
汤姆和李明走出房间。
The train is from Boston.这辆火车是从波士顿开来的。
2)into:进入
用于表示有特定终点的运动的方向。通常用于表示动作的动词之后,如:go,come,walk,run ……
The students run into the classroom.学生们跑进教室。
He jumped into the water.他跳入水中。
3)out of:和into 一样,也表示有一定的运动方向
The students rushed out of the room.
学生们冲出房间。
(7 )along,across,through
1)along:沿着
I was walking along the river when it began to rain,
我正沿着河边散步,突然下起雨来了。
2)across:横过
I often swim across the river.
我常游泳横渡这条河。
3)through:贯穿,通过
The river was through the city.这条河穿过这个城市。
(8 )to,for,from
1)to:到达……地点(目的地)
注意:
to与towards的区别
to:表示到达某地,(一般指目的地)
towards:指方向、朝向,而不是目的地。
He walked to wards the gate of the park.
他朝着公园大门走去。(大门不是目的地)。
He came to Japan in 1980. 他1980年来到日本。
Tom has gone to school. 汤姆已经去学校了。
2)for:表示目的地,“向……”
Ill leave for America next week.
下周我将动身去美国。
for表目的时,一般是和固定词搭配。
leave for 动身去……
start for 出发去……
3)from:从……地点起……
Its about ten minutes walk from here to the cinema.
从这儿到电影院大约需步行十分钟。
How tar is it from our school to the hospital?
从我们学校到医院有多远?
IV其他介词
介词除了表示“时间”、“场所”以外,也表示“手段”、“材料”……等
(1 )表示手段和材料的介词用 with,in,by
1)with:和……在一起
比较
in和 with
用in,with表工具或方法时,在译成中文时区别不大,但在英语上的用法却不大相同。
a.用“with”时,后面的名词要加上冠词或代词。
with my ear用我的耳朵with a pencil用一支铅笔
b.用in时,后面加物质名词,不能加冠词。
in ink 用墨水 in pencil 用铅笔
Will you please go with me?你和我一起去好吗?
c.具有、带有
He was a handsome boy with large bright eyes.
他是有着一双大眼睛的英俊男孩子。
d.用某工具或方法
Li Li cut her hand with a knife.
莉莉用刀把手弄破了。
I see with my eyes.我用眼睛看。
He wrote the letter with a new pen.
他用一支新钢笔写这封信。
2)in:表示用什么材料(例如用墨水、铅笔)等,或用什么语言,或者表示衣着、声调特点时,不用with,而用in。
She wrote a letter in black ink.
她用黑色的墨水写信。
Dont write it in pencil but in ink.
别用铅笔写,用钢笔(水)写。
3)by:通过……方法、手段
He goes to school by bicycle.
他骑自行车上学。
《by +交通工具》的词组
by bicycle 骑自行车 by plane 坐飞机
by car 坐小汽车 (=by air)
by bus 坐公共汽车 by train 坐火车
by taxi 坐出租车 by ship 坐船
比较
搭乘交通工具
用by来表示搭乘交通工具方式、手段时,名词前不加冠词。
by train 坐火车
You can go there in my car.
你可以坐我的车去那儿。
用in表示时,后面要用冠词或代词。同样坐公共汽车可以说:
take the(a)bus
(2 )of,from
1)of:(属于)……的;表示……的数量或种类
This is a map of China.这是一幅中国地图。
Will you please give me a cup of tea?
请您给我一杯茶好吗?
2)from:来自(某地、某人);以……起始;(时间或地点)
Im from Nanjing.我是南京人。
I have got a letter from my friend.我收到了一封我朋友的来信。
比较:
make…of…与make…from…这两个词组都是“由…制成”的意思,它们的区别在于:如果制造出来的东西还看得出原料是什么,用“make…of…”;看不出原料是什么,用“make…from…”。
The box is made of wood.这箱子是木料做的。
The paper is made from rice straw.这纸是用稻草造的。
(3) without,like,as
1)without:没有,是with的反义词
Men cant live without air and water.
人类没有空气和水不能生存。
I cant read the book without using a dictionary.
不用字典,我看不了这本书。
Please give me a cup of coffee without milk.
请给我一杯不加奶的咖啡。
Please give me a cup of coffee with milk.
请给我一杯加奶的咖啡。
2)like:像……一样
Nancy is just like her mother.
南希和她的妈妈一样。
前句还可写成 Nancy looks like her mother.(南希和她妈妈长得一样)。用look时,强调外表。
(3)as:作为
He is famous as a scientist here.
他在此地作为一个科学家而闻名。
(4 )against,about
1)against:反对;靠着
He is against the plan.(Li Ming)
他反对这个计划。(他反对李明)。
The teacher is standing against the blackboard.
老师正靠着黑板站着。
2)about:a.关于;各处;身旁
Tell me something about your life.
告诉我你的生活情况。
He looked about himself.
他向四处张望。
I have no money about(=with)me.
我身上没带钱。
b.询问某人某物的情况或提出建议
What about your sister?
你姐姐情况如何?
How about going to the park?
去公园怎么样?
注意
What about …?与How about…?的用法没有区别。
(5)for , to
for表示“为了.”
to 表示动作对象, “对, 向”, 如:
He would do anything for his motherland.
Did you mention this to my father? 你对我父亲提起过这件事吗?
for 表示“就某情况而说 ”, to 表示“对某对象而言”如:
It’s quite warm today for February.就二月的天气,今天够暖和的。
What he told you just now was not new to me。他刚才对你所说的话对我并不新鲜。
for 表示“目的,用途”。与go, come 动词连用。
(6)except , besides
except 表示“从总体中排除一部分”, 与but 同义, besides 表示“除了一部分还有另一部分”
We all failed except him. 我们都失败了,但他没有。
He speaks German besides French.. 除法语外, 他还会讲英语。
V各种介词短语
(1)使用工具 with a pencil 交通工具 by bus
用某语言 in French
用电视(学英语) learn English on TV
付多少钱 for two dollars
(2)介词短语
介词和动词、形容词或名词相结合后,形成复合词,有特定的意思,应一一背诵。将介词短语分类如下:
1.动词+介词 (talk about~,look at~)
2.be动词+形容词+介词(be kind to~)
3.介词+名词 (at home,on foot,in time)
1)动词+介词
talk about(sth.):谈论某事
They are talking about their school.
他们正在谈论他们的学校。
2)talk to sb.(=talk with sb.):和某人谈论
Dont talk to your desk mate,Li Ming.
李明,不要和你的同桌说话。
3)look at:注视
She looked at the blackboard,but saw nothing.
4)listen to:倾听
I listened to him,but heard nothing.
我注意听他说话,但什么也听不见。
5)call on(sb.):拜访
He called on his uncle yesterday.
昨天他看望了他的叔叔。
6)arrive at(in):到达
We arrived at the station at noon.我们中午到达车站。
We arrived in Beijing last year.我们去年到(达)北京。
注意
arrive at(in)中的介词at用于比较小的地方。in用于比较大的地方。
口语中常用get to代替arrive at(in)。
Ill get to the factory at three.我将在三点钟到工厂。
7)take care of:照顾
The old men were taken good care of.
老人们受到了很好的照顾。
8)wait for:等待
Ill wait for you until eight oclock.
我等你到八点钟。
9)look for:寻找
I looked for my watch every place but I didnt find it.
我到处找我的表,但是没找到。
其他重要的介词短语
speak to 和……说话 stay with 和某人呆在一起
think about 考虑有关…… write to 给某人写信
2 )be动词+形容词+介词
1.be kind to:对某人亲切
His step-mother was kind to him.
他的继母对他很好。
2.be good at:在……做得好;擅长于……
Are you good at speaking English?你英语说得好吗?
3.be late for:迟到
He is always late for school.他上学总是迟到。
4.be afraid of:害怕……The boy isnt afraid of big dogs.
5.be sorry for(sth.):为……抱歉
Im sorry for being late.抱歉,我迟到了。
其他重要的介词短语
be absent from 缺席
be proud of 以……为自豪
be different from 和……不同
be famous for 因……而著名
be fond of…… 爱好,喜欢
be pleased with 乐于
3) 介词+名词
1.at:at home 在家 at school 在学校
at least 至少 at present 目前 at first 起初
at once 立刻 at last 最后(终于)
at night 夜晚
语词互换
be good at=can…well他游泳游得很好。
He is good at swimming.
He can swim well be full of=be filled with
箱子里都是(装满了)苹果。
The box is full of apples.
The box is filled with apples.
2.on:
on foot 步行 on one’s way 在去某地的路上
on the telephone 用电话 on time 准时
3.for:
for a while 一会儿 for example 例如for oneself 为了自己
for hours(days, years)有好几小时(天,年)
4.in:
in English 用英语 in those days在当时 in class 课上
in time 及时
5.by:
by the way 顺便说 by oneself 独自地
6.其他:after school 放学后 of course 当然
已赞过
已踩过<
评论
收起
你对这个回答的评价是?
推荐律师服务:
若未解决您的问题,请您详细描述您的问题,通过百度律临进行免费专业咨询