新概念英语第二册语法总结：名词性从句（3）宾语从句
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（三）宾语从句：在复合句中充当宾语。
1. that引导宾语从句时无含义，不充当成分，常省略。
that不引导介词的宾语从句，至于except that, in that, save that, but that等是复合从属连词。
I know (that) you have met him.
Let's suppose that one day this happens to you.
在及物动词和宾语从句之间常有间接宾语（指人）。例如：
I told him (that) he was wrong.
在少数动词如：think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, calculate, fancy, reckon, be supposed , seem, appear, feel as if, look as if, look like等后面的从句中的否定词经常转移到主句谓语动词上，这叫否定前置/否定转移。（hope“希望”, guess“认为”后的宾语从句否定不前置。I hope not.“我希望不是那样的”，是I hope so.的否定式。I don't hope so.是对hope的否定：“我不希望如此”。）如：
I don't think it will be very cold today.
I don't think you are right.
I don't believe he has finished his work.
注意：
①非必须否定转移。若需要强调从句的否定时就不作转移。
②不可把所有可否定转移动词的否定句都理解为否定宾语从句，要根据句意或语境而定。
I don't think diplomacy is a field for private enterprise.
We didn't think we'd be this late.
③当think用在疑问句中，或主句中的谓语动词与状语连用，或主句中的谓语动词被do强调时，不能否定转移。
Why do you think we can't change your note?
I do believe Tom never tells a lie.
They still didn't believe that the food would come.
I can't believe that they are married.
④否定转移多用在主句动词为一般现在时的情况。
主句动词为一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时，或主句动词与情态动词连用，就不能否定转移。此时若主句动词为否定，应考虑是否是对主句动词的否定。
I had thought that he would not come.
我已经想到了他不能来了。
⑤当宾语从句中有no, never, hardly, not at all, not a bit, not...enough, can't help doing等时不能否定转移。
I think I can't help laughing if I see it.
I believe he never tells a lie.
▲许多带宾语补足语的句子要用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句置于句尾。
We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone.
We thought it a pity that she should have missed the chance.
2. whether, if引导宾语从句：表示“是否”可互换，口语中常用if。
He asked if she would come.
注意下列情况下whether不可用if换：
1)引导主语从句置于句首时。
2)whether后没有单词间隔而直接跟or not时。
I don't know whether or not he will come.
3) whether从句作介词宾语时。
They are talking about whether he will win the game.
Everything depends on whether you agree with us.
4)whether后接不定式时。
I don't know whether to attend the meeting.
5)动词discuss, decide的宾语从句时。
3. 连接代词what, who, whose等引导的宾语从句。
Tell me what you want.
Do you know who will come at the meeting?
注意：who, whom按照传统语法，从句中who所取代的名词如果是宾语应用宾格whom，但在口语中常用who，如：
Do you know whom (who) he will invite?
①whose, which, what三个词都带有形容词性质。whose表示所有，意为“谁的”；which意为“哪一个”，what意为“什么”。如：
Whose book it is not important.
Please tell me which school you want to go.
He didn't know what time it was.
②一般说来，which指的是在一个具体的、较明确的、有限的、较小范围；而what则指较广的或不明确的范围。如：which food，说话人一般指眼前的或明确范围的几种food；what food则指许多food，而且说话人心中没有数。
I don't know which / what food you want.
如果范围较大或者没有什么范围，用what food。
4. 连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。
I don't know when the meeting will be held.
Please tell me where I can find Tom.
He explained to me why he was absent from the meeting.
Can you tell me how I can get to the post office?
5. 可用whatever, whoever, whomever, whenever, wherever等引导宾语从句。
Please write down whatever he is saying.
I don't know whoever will come.
I'll do whatever you ask me to.
6. 表示爱憎情感的动词，如：enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, don't mind, resent, appreciate（感激）等以及某些介词结尾的短语动词如：count on, depend on, rely on, see to, look forward to, be fond of, feel like, see to等后，即使没有宾补也要先接形式宾语it，再接宾语从句。
I like it when she smiles at me.
I love it when you sing.
I hate it if I am spoken to loudly in public.
除了but, besides, except, in, save, beyond六个介词后跟that引导的宾语从句外，其他介词都不能。in that是“因为”的意思，其余五个与that搭配都是“除了……”。
专项训练：
1、Do you know how much hot water ______?
A.Mum is needed B.does Mum need C.Mum needs D.did Mum need
2、Can you tell me ______?
A.where he is B.where is he C.he is where D.what is he
3、I didn't know how ______ to London?
A.would they go B.are they going C.they would go D.they are going
4、I want to know how long ______.
A.has he been back B.has he come back C.he has been back D.he has come back
5、Do you know ______?
A.what the news are B.what is the news C.what the news is D.what are the news
6、He said he would help me with my maths if he ______ free.
A.was B.will be C.would be D.is
7、He will write to you as soon as he ______ to Shanghai.
A.gets B.is getting C.will get D.shall get
8、Father ______ music when he ______ young
A.liked…was B.liked…is C.likes…was D.likes…is
9、I liked sports ______ I was young.
A.so much as B.so much that C.very much when D.very much because
10、______ mother got home,I was tidying my room.
A.After B.When C.As soon as D.Before
（后设答案，大家不要偷看(⊙o⊙)哦，(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……）
KEYS
1、C 2、A 3、C 4、C 5、C 6、A 7、A 8、A 9、C 10、B
1. that引导宾语从句时无含义，不充当成分，常省略。
that不引导介词的宾语从句，至于except that, in that, save that, but that等是复合从属连词。
I know (that) you have met him.
Let's suppose that one day this happens to you.
在及物动词和宾语从句之间常有间接宾语（指人）。例如：
I told him (that) he was wrong.
在少数动词如：think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, calculate, fancy, reckon, be supposed , seem, appear, feel as if, look as if, look like等后面的从句中的否定词经常转移到主句谓语动词上，这叫否定前置/否定转移。（hope“希望”, guess“认为”后的宾语从句否定不前置。I hope not.“我希望不是那样的”，是I hope so.的否定式。I don't hope so.是对hope的否定：“我不希望如此”。）如：
I don't think it will be very cold today.
I don't think you are right.
I don't believe he has finished his work.
注意：
①非必须否定转移。若需要强调从句的否定时就不作转移。
②不可把所有可否定转移动词的否定句都理解为否定宾语从句，要根据句意或语境而定。
I don't think diplomacy is a field for private enterprise.
We didn't think we'd be this late.
③当think用在疑问句中，或主句中的谓语动词与状语连用，或主句中的谓语动词被do强调时，不能否定转移。
Why do you think we can't change your note?
I do believe Tom never tells a lie.
They still didn't believe that the food would come.
I can't believe that they are married.
④否定转移多用在主句动词为一般现在时的情况。
主句动词为一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时，或主句动词与情态动词连用，就不能否定转移。此时若主句动词为否定，应考虑是否是对主句动词的否定。
I had thought that he would not come.
我已经想到了他不能来了。
⑤当宾语从句中有no, never, hardly, not at all, not a bit, not...enough, can't help doing等时不能否定转移。
I think I can't help laughing if I see it.
I believe he never tells a lie.
▲许多带宾语补足语的句子要用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句置于句尾。
We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone.
We thought it a pity that she should have missed the chance.
2. whether, if引导宾语从句：表示“是否”可互换，口语中常用if。
He asked if she would come.
注意下列情况下whether不可用if换：
1)引导主语从句置于句首时。
2)whether后没有单词间隔而直接跟or not时。
I don't know whether or not he will come.
3) whether从句作介词宾语时。
They are talking about whether he will win the game.
Everything depends on whether you agree with us.
4)whether后接不定式时。
I don't know whether to attend the meeting.
5)动词discuss, decide的宾语从句时。
3. 连接代词what, who, whose等引导的宾语从句。
Tell me what you want.
Do you know who will come at the meeting?
注意：who, whom按照传统语法，从句中who所取代的名词如果是宾语应用宾格whom，但在口语中常用who，如：
Do you know whom (who) he will invite?
①whose, which, what三个词都带有形容词性质。whose表示所有，意为“谁的”；which意为“哪一个”，what意为“什么”。如：
Whose book it is not important.
Please tell me which school you want to go.
He didn't know what time it was.
②一般说来，which指的是在一个具体的、较明确的、有限的、较小范围；而what则指较广的或不明确的范围。如：which food，说话人一般指眼前的或明确范围的几种food；what food则指许多food，而且说话人心中没有数。
I don't know which / what food you want.
如果范围较大或者没有什么范围，用what food。
4. 连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。
I don't know when the meeting will be held.
Please tell me where I can find Tom.
He explained to me why he was absent from the meeting.
Can you tell me how I can get to the post office?
5. 可用whatever, whoever, whomever, whenever, wherever等引导宾语从句。
Please write down whatever he is saying.
I don't know whoever will come.
I'll do whatever you ask me to.
6. 表示爱憎情感的动词，如：enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, don't mind, resent, appreciate（感激）等以及某些介词结尾的短语动词如：count on, depend on, rely on, see to, look forward to, be fond of, feel like, see to等后，即使没有宾补也要先接形式宾语it，再接宾语从句。
I like it when she smiles at me.
I love it when you sing.
I hate it if I am spoken to loudly in public.
除了but, besides, except, in, save, beyond六个介词后跟that引导的宾语从句外，其他介词都不能。in that是“因为”的意思，其余五个与that搭配都是“除了……”。
专项训练：
1、Do you know how much hot water ______?
A.Mum is needed B.does Mum need C.Mum needs D.did Mum need
2、Can you tell me ______?
A.where he is B.where is he C.he is where D.what is he
3、I didn't know how ______ to London?
A.would they go B.are they going C.they would go D.they are going
4、I want to know how long ______.
A.has he been back B.has he come back C.he has been back D.he has come back
5、Do you know ______?
A.what the news are B.what is the news C.what the news is D.what are the news
6、He said he would help me with my maths if he ______ free.
A.was B.will be C.would be D.is
7、He will write to you as soon as he ______ to Shanghai.
A.gets B.is getting C.will get D.shall get
8、Father ______ music when he ______ young
A.liked…was B.liked…is C.likes…was D.likes…is
9、I liked sports ______ I was young.
A.so much as B.so much that C.very much when D.very much because
10、______ mother got home,I was tidying my room.
A.After B.When C.As soon as D.Before
（后设答案，大家不要偷看(⊙o⊙)哦，(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……）
KEYS
1、C 2、A 3、C 4、C 5、C 6、A 7、A 8、A 9、C 10、B
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