Question

英语高手翻译 急~

Summary:This paper is a review of the aims and practice of active citizenship in England.It sets out the key concepts and gives an account of the developing policy agenda in crime, regeneration. And housing, education, health and local government. It reviews the current state of scientific knowledge in this area, in particular summarising research commissioned by the Home Office Civil Renewal Research Programme,2004(R)C05. Whilst the research findings show the positive contribution of government initiatives in this area, a key theme that emerges is that the policy context and the causal relationships are often more complex than advocates sometimes claim.

Active citizenship has become a central concept in the government policy agenda. The ambition behind the agenda is substantial a vision of strong, active, and empowered communities—increasingly capable of doing things for themselves, defining the problems they face and then tackling them together (Blunkett, 2003, p. 1).

Active citizenship is evocative of notions of community, citizenship and empowerment and speaks to the presumed intrinsic benefits of public engagement in decision-making: the idea is that the process of participation is, and should be valued as, a good in and of itself. Yet, active citizenship consists of more than simply increasing the level of public participation for its own sake it demands participation with a purpose. That purpose is to engage people in making their communities better places for themselves and for those around them (Stoker, 2004, p. 2).

Active citizenship is about engaging people in decision-making processes, giving them a say in the planning and delivery of public services, and involving them in their communities, as a means to improve outcomes.

The first section of the paper explores the rediscovery of the civic and the connected set of ideas around respect, civility, social capital and active citizenship. The article then outlines the growing number of policy programmes that build a concern with the civic into their operation. We then consider whether social scientific knowledge could support the idea that more active citizenry can make a difference. We find gaps in the existing approaches and argue for an agenda of more practical and outcome-oriented studies of what makes ‘civicness’ work or not.Our examples of how the agenda could be moved forward are provided by research commissioned by the Home Office Civil Renewal Research Programme, 2004–05— projects designed to find out practical information about the impact and nature of citizen involvement in services, about what gets civil renewal going and what impact it has. Our overall message is typical of that produced by research. We agree with the policy-makers that engaging people can make a difference, but we argue that the process of engagement and obtaining beneficial outcomes is somewhat more complex than policy advocates sometimes imply.
请勿谷歌翻译！谢谢

Answer 1

Summary:This paper is a review of the aims and practice of active citizenship in
摘要：本论文是对英格兰积极的公民权这一权利的意图及实践的回顾。
England.It sets out the key concepts and gives an account of the developing policy
它制订了一个核心概念并对刑事犯罪、人口生育方面实施细则作出相应的说明。另外还有
agenda in crime, regeneration. And housing, education, health and local government. It
住房，教育，健康和地方行政。
reviews the current state of scientific knowledge in this area, in particular summarising
它还回顾了这一领域科学认知的实际状况，特别综述
research commissioned by the Home Office Civil Renewal Research
了由内政部市政革新研究项目授权的研究，2004（R）C05。
Programme,2004(R)C05. Whilst the research findings show the positive contribution of
government initiatives in this area, a key theme that emerges is that the policy context and
此项研究结果显示这一领域政府倡议行为的积极贡献，显现出的主旋律是政策条文和
the causal relationships are often more complex than advocates sometimes claim.
它的因果关系通常情况下比拥护方有时所声称的那样要复杂。
Active citizenship has become a central concept in the government policy agenda. The
积极的公民权已经变成了政府议事日程上的一个核心概念。这一议事日程背后的夙愿是
ambition behind the agenda is substantial a vision of strong, active, and empowered
强化一种强大，充满朝气的，还要有授权的团体组织——能不断增强自身能力以胜任为自己
communities—increasingly capable of doing things for themselves, defining the
服务，找到他们面临的问题并能共同将这些问题解决掉的现状（Blunkett,2003,p.1）。
problems they face and then tackling them together (Blunkett, 2003, p. 1).
Active citizenship is evocative of notions of community, citizenship and empowerment and
积极的公民权唤起了对社区，公民的义务和权利还有就公认的
speaks to the presumed intrinsic benefits of public engagement in decision-making: the
公共管理在决策制定方面固有优势而言的观念的美好回忆。这个
idea is that the process of participation is, and should be valued as, a good in and of itself.
意见要贯穿所参与的整个过程，应该是被人们认同的，它自身固有或是含有有价值的部分。
Yet, active citizenship consists of more than simply increasing the level of public
然而，积极的公民权不只是为了实现积极而简单的提升公众参与的水平，
participation for its own sake it demands participation with a purpose. That purpose is to
它需要有目的的参与。这个目的是要
engage people in making their communities better places for themselves and for those
鼓励人们为他们自己以及他们身边的人将他们的社区变得更美好（Stoker,2004,p.2）。
around them (Stoker, 2004, p. 2).

Active citizenship is about engaging people in decision-making processes, giving them a
积极的公民权是关于鼓励人们参与到决策中，让他们
say in the planning and delivery of public services, and involving them in their
在公共服务的筹备以及施行中拥有发言权，让他们投身于社区生活，作为一种
communities, as a means to improve outcomes.
争取最佳效果的手段。
The first section of the paper explores the rediscovery of the civic and the connected set
本论文的第一部分探究了市政的二次发现，以及与之相关
of ideas around respect, civility, social capital and active citizenship. The article then
的关于尊敬，礼仪，社会资本和积极的公民权方面的一组意见。这篇论文随后概
outlines the growing number of policy programmes that build a concern with the civic into
述了不断增长的考虑将市政纳入施政方面的政策纲领。
their operation. We then consider whether social scientific knowledge could support the
那么我们可以设想一下是否那些关于社会性的科学认知能够支持这样一种想法，即更加深入
idea that more active citizenry can make a difference. We find gaps in the existing
的积极的公民权会有更大差别。我们从现有的方法中找到缺陷，
approaches and argue for an agenda of more practical and outcome-oriented studies of
并进行一场关于探讨一种更加实用的只重效果的研究的日程，这一效
what makes ‘civicness’ work or not.Our examples of how the agenda could be moved
果就是它是否使市政工作行得通。我们给出的关于议事日程如何
forward are provided by research commissioned by the Home Office Civil Renewal
执行的实例是由内政部市政革新研究项目授权的研究提供，
Research Programme, 2004–05— projects designed to find out practical information
2004-05-该项目是为找出有关公民参与社区服务的影响
about the impact and nature of citizen involvement in services, about what gets civil
和性质，推动市政革新的力量和对此的影响的实用信息而设计的。
renewal going and what impact it has. Our overall message is typical of that produced by
我们所有的结果是由研究得出的。
research. We agree with the policy-makers that engaging people can make a difference,
我们赞同关于决策者提出的鼓励人们参与会有不同收获，
but we argue that the process of engagement and obtaining beneficial outcomes is
但是我们探讨的是参与的过程以及得到期望的结果在某种程度上
somewhat more complex than policy advocates sometimes imply.
远比政策倡议者有时暗示的那样要复杂。

Answer 2

摘要：本文是在England.It目标和积极的公民实践的审查提出了关键概念并给出了一个发展中的犯罪施政纲领，再生帐户。和住房，教育，卫生和当地政府。它总结了这方面的科学知识的现状，
尤其是由内政部民事重建研究方案，总结2004年委托研究（R）的C05。虽然研究的结果显示，在这方面，一个关键的主题，政府的措施产生积极的贡献，就是它的政策背景和因果关系往往更加复杂，主张有时索赔。
积极的公民意识已成为政府的政策议程的核心概念。背后是巨大的野心议程的眼界强，积极主动，并授权社区，越来越有能力做自己的事情，确定他们所面临的问题，然后解决它们放在一起（布伦基特，2003年，第1页）。
积极的公民社会的概念是令人回味，公民身份和权力，操到决策的公众参与假定固有的好处：这个想法是，参与的过程，应当重视作为一个良好的与本身。然而，
积极的公民组成的不仅仅是增加自身的公众参与程度而它要求有目的的参与。为此目的，是让他们从事社区更好地为自己和身边的人（斯托克，2004年，第2页）的人。
积极的公民参与是对决策过程，在规划和提供公共服务的提供他们有发言权的人，他们参与社区，作为一种手段来改善结果。
该文件的第一部分探讨围绕尊重公民和思想连通集的重新发现，文明，社会资本和积极的公民。文章概括了当时的政策方案，建立一个与公民到他们的行动越来越多的关注。
然后，我们认为无论是社会科学知识可以支持的想法，更积极的公民可以有所作为。我们发现在现有办法的差距和为一对什么是使'civicness的工作或not.Our例子更实际和注重结果的研究议程争论浩
瓦特的议程可以提出动议是由民政厅公务员更新研究计划，2004-05 - 旨在了解的影响和公民参与服务，以及如何去获得民事重建与自然的实用信息提供的委托研究项目它有什么样的影响。我们的总体信息是，通过研究产生的典型。我们同意与政策制定者，从事的人可以有差别，但我们认为，在参与过程和取得有益的结果，是不是政策主张比较复杂，有时暗示。

Answer 3

英语高手翻译急~悬赏分：100--离问题结束还有 14天23小时 Summary:This纸存在一对在England.It中目标和活跃公民身份的练习的评论把重要观念放从政策议程在朝派罪,恢复里面和给出一个发展的记述.住房,教育,健康和地方政府.它复习在这个区域中科学知识的当前状态,特别是summarising研究委任在附近内政部文明恢复研究Programme,2004((R)C05.直到研究发现在这个区域中展示政府计划计划的建设性贡献,重要主题其出现的a是政策上下文和原因的关系是常常更复杂与倡导者有时提出要求相比. 活跃公民身份已经成为一个在政府政策议程中中心观念.在议程后面抱负是实质性的一对能自己做东西坚强,活跃和授权communities—increasingly的看法定义problems那些脸然后Blunkett,2003,p.1. 活跃公民身份是社区,公民身份和授权的想法的唤起的和和在决策中公共约会的猜想固有的好处谈话:真是荒唐是参与的过程是和将去是珍贵阿斯,一本身和它自己的好处.至今,活跃公民身份由比简单为了它的自己目的它需求参与有的目的增加公共参与的水平更多构成.那目的是要使人们忙于使他们的社区改善和为那些四周他们他们自己的位置生火工,2004,p.2. 活跃公民身份是关于同样地吸引人民在朝派决策过程,给他们一发言权在朝派计划编制和送交公共services和使他们陷入他们的社区a手段向有改进结果. 第一段纸探查再发现的城市的和连接套在尊重周围观念,礼貌,社会资本和活跃公民身份.文章那时勾画正在增加的政策progr的数目ammes that build a concern with the civic into their operation. We then consider whether social scientific knowledge could support the idea that more active citizenry can make a difference. We find gaps in the existing approaches and argue for an agenda of more practical and outcome-oriented studies of what makes ‘civicness’ work or not.Our examples of how the agenda could be moved forward are provided by research commissioned by the Home Office Civil Renewal Research Programme, 2004?C05— projects designed to find out practical information about the impact and nature of citizen involvement in services, about what gets civil renewal going and what impact it has. Our overall message is typical of that produced by research. We agree with the policy-makers that engaging people can make a difference, but we argue that the process of engagement and obtaining beneficial outcomes is somewhat more complex than policy advocates sometimes impl

Answer 4

提要:本文综述的目的和实践的活跃在英国公民…它的核心概念,为发展政策议程的犯罪、再生。和住房、教育、卫生和地方政府。回顾了当前的科学知识,在这一领域的研究,特别是经济展望委托内政部研究工作,2004年民事更新C05(R)。虽然研究发现表明了积极的贡献,在这一地区的政府,一个关键的主题就是这一政策背景和因果关系往往更复杂的比提倡有时声称。

活跃的公民权已成为一个中心思想政府政策议程。在difterent风情。质性议程的强,积极主动,能够communities-increasingly能够为自己做事情,定义了他们所面临的问题和应对他们聚在一起(布朗凯所引介,2003年3月,p。1)。

活跃的公民社会,唤起了人们对概念的公民和授权和假定的内在的好处:在公共参与决策的过程中,应参与是珍贵的,一个好的本身。公民组成的,积极的水平比简单地增加公众参与的要求,为其本身就有目的的参与。目的是让人在他们的社区更好的地方来为他们自己和他们周围的人,2004,(链条炉排。2)。

关于迷人的人是活跃的公民在决策过程中,给他们一个在规划和实施的公共服务,包括他们在他们的社区,作为一种手段来提高疗效。

第一部分探讨的公民和重新连接的思想方面,礼貌、社会资本和活跃的公民。本文就勾画出了越来越多的政策计划,建立一个关心和公民进入他们的操作。然后我们是否考虑社会科学知识能够支持这个想法,更积极的公民可以使这光境变得不同。我们寻找差距在现有的方法,对一项议程的争论更加实用,outcome-oriented研究的civicness ' '工作. 我们的议程的例子可以移动均采用调查家庭办公室,2004-05民用更新研究项目,项目旨在找出实用信息的影响及性质的公民参与服务,什么会影响和民用更新。我们的整体信息的典型的研究。我们同意者,迷人的人能发挥重要的作用,但我们认为,这个过程中获得有益的结果和有点复杂多政策主张有时意味。

Answer 5

全是用谷歌的白痴~！