英语语法好难 特别是虚拟语态 应该怎么学才能学明白？
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高中英语语法通霸这本语法书对虚拟语气讲地不错。
第十七章 虚拟语气
英语动词可有三种不同的语气：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
A. 陈述语气：陈述一个事实，或提出一个看法，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。
My favorite sport is swimming.
Did it rain all day yesterday?
What a good boy he is!
B. 祈使语气：表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等。
Be careful!
Don’t forget to close the window.
Let’s go to the park this Sunday.
C. 虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、建议、怀疑或推测。
If I were you, I should study English harder.(表假设)
I wish every family had a house of theirown. (表愿望)
The doctor advised thathe (should) take exercise regularly.（表建议）
It is surprising that he should be such afoolish man.
他竟然这么愚蠢，真是令人吃惊！（表感到意外）
He can’t have arrived, for his car brokedown on the way.
他不可能已经到了，因为他的车坏在路上。（推测）
第1讲 用相应的过去时态表示“愿望”
考点1. wish之后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气
hope后面跟宾语从句时，只能用陈述语气：
I hope you will have a good trip there.
wish后面跟从句时只能用虚拟语气，表示“愿望”，与事实相反或实现可能性不大。
本来是一般现在时的，要用成一般过去时；本来是一般过去时的，要用成过去完成时。
① I wish I rememberedthe address.
我希望我记得那个地址。（实际不记得，与现在相反）
② I wish you had written to him.
我希望你已给他写过信了。（实际没写，与过去相反）
③ I wish you would stop asking silly questions.
我希望你停止问愚蠢问题。（表达愿望，与将来相反）
hope与wish的其他用法：
wish和hope后面都可以跟不定式作宾语。
We hope to raise as much money as possible.
They wish to begin immediately after dinner.
wish后面可以跟双宾语和复合宾语，而hope不可以。
I wish you a happy birthday. 我祝你生日快乐。
I wish you to be happy. 我希望你幸福。
1. 【2002上海】How I wish every family ______ a large house with a beautifulgarden!
A. has B. had C. will have D. had had
2. 【2015陕西】Ellenis a fantastic dancer. I wish I ______ aswell as her.
A. dance B. will dance C. had danced D. danced
3. I wish I______ you yesterday.
A. saw B. did see C. had seen D. were to see
4. 【2015天津】Iwish I ______ at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business tripin New York then.
A. will be B.would be
C. have been D.had been
考点2. if only
only if 表示“只有”；if only则表示“如果……就好了”。
I wake up only if the alarm clock rings.
只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。
If only the alarm clock had rung.
要是闹钟响了就好了！
表示现在的情况，应用过去时；表示过去的情况，应用过去完成时态。if only 也可用于陈述语气。
If only Ihad listened to your advice, things wouldn’t have gone so wrong.
5. 【2003上海春】Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ______ your advice.
A. followed B. would follow
C. had followed D.should follow
6. If only Grandmother______ this together with us now.
A. will see B. could see C. must see D.should see
7. I would get itfor you ______ I could remember who last borrowed it.
A. on condition that B.except that
C. if only D.considering whether
考点3. It’s (high/ about) time that…
It is (high/about) time that后谓语用过去式或“should＋动词原形（should不能省略）”表示“愿望”，含有抱怨或批评之意，意为“早就该做某事了”。
It is time that the government took action.
It is about time that the government took action.
It is high time that the government took action.
It is (about / high) time that the government should take action.
但不可说It is high timethat the government take action.因为should不能省略。
8. It is hightime the child ______ to the hospital.
A. is sent B.would be sent
C. be sent D. was sent
9. Isn’t it abouttime that you ______ to pick up the visitors from New York?
A. gone B. should go C. go D.will go
10. It is timethat the government ______ measures to protect the rare birds and animals.
A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking
11. 【2012辽宁】Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he ______ somethinginstead of just talking.
A. will do B. has done C. do D.did
考点4. would rather 后跟从句时
would rather后接句子时，句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气。表示与现在或将来相反的愿望时，从句用一般过去时。
I’d rather you came next Saturday.
我宁愿你下星期六来。
I’d rather she sat next to me.
我宁愿她挨着我坐。
表示与过去相反的愿望时用过去完成时。
I’d rather I hadn’t said it.
我真希望我没有这样说过。
12. 【2014陕西】We wouldrather our daughter ______ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she isnot a child any longer.
A. would stay B. has stayed C. stayed D.stay
13. Frankly, I’drather you ______ anything about it for the time being.
A. do B. don’t do C. didn’t do D. will not do
14. 【2010江苏】George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’drather he ______ more on its culture.
A. focus B. focused
C. would focus D. had focused
I. 单句改错
1. —Shall we go to the movie tonight?
—No, I’d rather you stay at home with our baby.
2. Look at what a mess I’m in. If only I havefollowed your advice!
3. I wish you can benefit from my suggestions.
4. I hope you to help me out of the trouble.
5. 【2012 四川】Hope yougood health and much happiness every day!
II. 语法填空（每空至多填三词）
6. 【2008湖北】I feel sosick. I wish Mum ______ (not force)me to eat so much.
7. It’s time that you______(go) home and I’d rather you ______(come) again tomorrow.
III. 写作技能提升
8. 我希望他们能够安全回来。(hope, safe andsound)
9. 我多么希望我能更聪明一些，更精力充沛一些。（how Iwish, more intelligent, more energetic）
10. 我祝愿你生日快乐。(wish)
11. 要是我上初中时没把时间浪费在看小说上该多好啊。（if only,waste time in doing, read novels, in junior high school）
12. 是该你尽你最大努力来赶上别人的时候了。（it’s hightime that, catch up with others）
13. 我想你明天还是不来的好。( I wouldrather)
第2讲 用虚拟条件句表“假设”
第3讲 含蓄条件句
第4讲 用“（should）＋动词原形”表示“建议或要求”
第5讲 用should表示“感到意外、吃惊”
第十七章 虚拟语气
英语动词可有三种不同的语气：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
A. 陈述语气：陈述一个事实，或提出一个看法，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。
My favorite sport is swimming.
Did it rain all day yesterday?
What a good boy he is!
B. 祈使语气：表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等。
Be careful!
Don’t forget to close the window.
Let’s go to the park this Sunday.
C. 虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、建议、怀疑或推测。
If I were you, I should study English harder.(表假设)
I wish every family had a house of theirown. (表愿望)
The doctor advised thathe (should) take exercise regularly.（表建议）
It is surprising that he should be such afoolish man.
他竟然这么愚蠢，真是令人吃惊！（表感到意外）
He can’t have arrived, for his car brokedown on the way.
他不可能已经到了，因为他的车坏在路上。（推测）
第1讲 用相应的过去时态表示“愿望”
考点1. wish之后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气
hope后面跟宾语从句时，只能用陈述语气：
I hope you will have a good trip there.
wish后面跟从句时只能用虚拟语气，表示“愿望”，与事实相反或实现可能性不大。
本来是一般现在时的，要用成一般过去时；本来是一般过去时的，要用成过去完成时。
① I wish I rememberedthe address.
我希望我记得那个地址。（实际不记得，与现在相反）
② I wish you had written to him.
我希望你已给他写过信了。（实际没写，与过去相反）
③ I wish you would stop asking silly questions.
我希望你停止问愚蠢问题。（表达愿望，与将来相反）
hope与wish的其他用法：
wish和hope后面都可以跟不定式作宾语。
We hope to raise as much money as possible.
They wish to begin immediately after dinner.
wish后面可以跟双宾语和复合宾语，而hope不可以。
I wish you a happy birthday. 我祝你生日快乐。
I wish you to be happy. 我希望你幸福。
1. 【2002上海】How I wish every family ______ a large house with a beautifulgarden!
A. has B. had C. will have D. had had
2. 【2015陕西】Ellenis a fantastic dancer. I wish I ______ aswell as her.
A. dance B. will dance C. had danced D. danced
3. I wish I______ you yesterday.
A. saw B. did see C. had seen D. were to see
4. 【2015天津】Iwish I ______ at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business tripin New York then.
A. will be B.would be
C. have been D.had been
考点2. if only
only if 表示“只有”；if only则表示“如果……就好了”。
I wake up only if the alarm clock rings.
只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。
If only the alarm clock had rung.
要是闹钟响了就好了！
表示现在的情况，应用过去时；表示过去的情况，应用过去完成时态。if only 也可用于陈述语气。
If only Ihad listened to your advice, things wouldn’t have gone so wrong.
5. 【2003上海春】Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ______ your advice.
A. followed B. would follow
C. had followed D.should follow
6. If only Grandmother______ this together with us now.
A. will see B. could see C. must see D.should see
7. I would get itfor you ______ I could remember who last borrowed it.
A. on condition that B.except that
C. if only D.considering whether
考点3. It’s (high/ about) time that…
It is (high/about) time that后谓语用过去式或“should＋动词原形（should不能省略）”表示“愿望”，含有抱怨或批评之意，意为“早就该做某事了”。
It is time that the government took action.
It is about time that the government took action.
It is high time that the government took action.
It is (about / high) time that the government should take action.
但不可说It is high timethat the government take action.因为should不能省略。
8. It is hightime the child ______ to the hospital.
A. is sent B.would be sent
C. be sent D. was sent
9. Isn’t it abouttime that you ______ to pick up the visitors from New York?
A. gone B. should go C. go D.will go
10. It is timethat the government ______ measures to protect the rare birds and animals.
A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking
11. 【2012辽宁】Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he ______ somethinginstead of just talking.
A. will do B. has done C. do D.did
考点4. would rather 后跟从句时
would rather后接句子时，句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气。表示与现在或将来相反的愿望时，从句用一般过去时。
I’d rather you came next Saturday.
我宁愿你下星期六来。
I’d rather she sat next to me.
我宁愿她挨着我坐。
表示与过去相反的愿望时用过去完成时。
I’d rather I hadn’t said it.
我真希望我没有这样说过。
12. 【2014陕西】We wouldrather our daughter ______ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she isnot a child any longer.
A. would stay B. has stayed C. stayed D.stay
13. Frankly, I’drather you ______ anything about it for the time being.
A. do B. don’t do C. didn’t do D. will not do
14. 【2010江苏】George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’drather he ______ more on its culture.
A. focus B. focused
C. would focus D. had focused
I. 单句改错
1. —Shall we go to the movie tonight?
—No, I’d rather you stay at home with our baby.
2. Look at what a mess I’m in. If only I havefollowed your advice!
3. I wish you can benefit from my suggestions.
4. I hope you to help me out of the trouble.
5. 【2012 四川】Hope yougood health and much happiness every day!
II. 语法填空（每空至多填三词）
6. 【2008湖北】I feel sosick. I wish Mum ______ (not force)me to eat so much.
7. It’s time that you______(go) home and I’d rather you ______(come) again tomorrow.
III. 写作技能提升
8. 我希望他们能够安全回来。(hope, safe andsound)
9. 我多么希望我能更聪明一些，更精力充沛一些。（how Iwish, more intelligent, more energetic）
10. 我祝愿你生日快乐。(wish)
11. 要是我上初中时没把时间浪费在看小说上该多好啊。（if only,waste time in doing, read novels, in junior high school）
12. 是该你尽你最大努力来赶上别人的时候了。（it’s hightime that, catch up with others）
13. 我想你明天还是不来的好。( I wouldrather)
第2讲 用虚拟条件句表“假设”
第3讲 含蓄条件句
第4讲 用“（should）＋动词原形”表示“建议或要求”
第5讲 用should表示“感到意外、吃惊”
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