用rman,在oracle不同版本间作数据恢复,怎么弄

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  一、RMAN 备份的内容
  RMAN做数据库全备时包含了 数据文件、归档日志、控制文件和参数文件和备份日志,如下:
  arch_20160223_08qukp2t_1_1 arch_20160223_0bqukp92_1_1 ctl_c-3234695588-20160223-01 rmanbak-20160223-0852.log scp_20160223_09qukp2u_1_1 scp_20160223_0aqukp2u_1_1
  二、测试环境
  OS:CentOS release 6.4 (Final)
  Database:Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
  原平台与当前平台环境一致,但是oracle数据库目录结构不一致。
  三、开始恢复
  1、 确认原数据库的DBID(通过RMAN的备份日志,或者通过RMAN备份的控制文件名来识别),同时确认一下原数据库的实例名;
  2、 将RMAN备份的内容拷贝到目标数据库上;
  3、 设置好环境变量:
  [oracle@dg1 ~]$ export NLS_DATA_FORMAT='YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'
  [oracle@dg1 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=scp
  [oracle@dg1 ~]$ rman target /
  Recovery Manager: Release 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on Fri May 6 22:18:52 2016
  4、装载数据库并进行恢复
  A、装斗兆载数据库
  复制代码
  RMAN> set dbid=3234695588;
  executing command: SET DBID
  RMAN> startup nomount;
  startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
  LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/dbs/initscp.ora'
  starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrieval of spfile
  Oracle instance started
  复制代码
  B、先恢复spfile文件(或者是pfile文件,可以修改各项参数),因为在spfile 文件中包含了控制文件的位置
  RMAN> restore spfile to pfile '$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initscp.ora' from '/home/OracleBack/rmanbak/ctl_c-3234695588-20160223-01';
  OR:
  RMAN> restore spfile to '$ORACLE_HOME/培则dbs/spfilescp.ora' from '/home/OracleBack/rmanbak/ctl_c-3234695588-20160223-01';
  C、根据pfile文件中的相关参数去修改本地系统目录,或者修改这个pfile文件来匹配本地系统中的路径和目录,我们选择后者
  需要修改:oracle_base、*.audit_file_dest、*.control_files、*.db_recovery_file_dest、*.db_recovery_file_dest_size、*.diagnostic_dest、*.log_archive_dest_1、
  memory_target、undo_tablespace等。并在当前配销棚系统中创建好相关的目录和权限。
  复制代码
  [oracle@dg1 dbs]$ vim initscp.ora
  scp.__data_transfer_cache_size=0
  scp.__db_cache_size=822083584
  scp.__java_pool_size=16777216
  scp.__large_pool_size=33554432
  scp.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
  scp.__pga_aggregate_target=654311424
  scp.__sga_target=1241513984
  scp.__shared_io_pool_size=50331648
  scp.__shared_pool_size=301989888
  scp.__streams_pool_size=0
  *.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/scp/adump'
  *.audit_trail='db'
  *.compatible='12.1.0.2.0'
  *.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/scp/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/scp/control02.ctl'
  *.db_block_size=8192
  *.db_domain=''
  *.db_name='scp'
  *.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
  *.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4560m
  *.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
  *.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=scpXDB)'
  *.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/OracleArch'
  *.memory_target=1800m
  *.open_cursors=300
  *.processes=300
  *.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
  *.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
  复制代码
  D、从修改后的pfile文件启动数据库,进行控制文件的恢复
  复制代码
  RMAN> shutdown abort;
  RMAN> startup nomount pfile='$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initscp.ora';
  RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/OracleBack/rmanbak/ctl_c-3234695588-20160223-01';
  Starting restore at 06-MAY-16
  allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
  channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=243 device type=DISK
  channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
  channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
  output file name=/home/OracleData/scp/control01.ctl
  output file name=/home/OracleArch/fast_recovery_area/control02.ctl
  Finished restore at 06-MAY-16
  复制代码
  E、控制文件恢复后就可以mount数据库了
  RMAN> alter database mount;
  Statement processed
  released channel: ORA_DISK_1
  F、至此,控制文件已经恢复,数据库已经mount,所有的RMAN配置参数均已设置,您应该验证路径以确保它们适用于该主机。
  复制代码
  RMAN> show all;
  RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name SCP are:
  CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 7 DAYS;
  CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default
  CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
  CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
  CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/orabackup/RmanBackupSet/20160223/ctl_%F';
  CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default
  CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
  CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
  CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
  CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
  CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
  CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default
  CONFIGURE RMAN OUTPUT TO KEEP FOR 7 DAYS; # default
  CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
  CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/dbs/snapcf_scp.f'; # default
  复制代码
  G、为了能让RMAN找到恢复文件的位置,我们有两种途径可以实现:一是修改RMAN配置以符合当前备份文件所在位置,其次是将RMAN备份文件拷贝到配置文件中设定的位置 (需要参考RMAN的备份日志)。在第一个方法中,为了让RMAN知道备份文件位置 /home/OracleBack/rmanbak ,我们使用catalog命令:
  复制代码
  RMAN> catalog start with '/home/OracleBack/rmanbak';
  Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 06-MAY-16
  allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
  channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=243 device type=DISK
  Crosschecked 4 objects
  Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 06-MAY-16
  Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 06-MAY-16
  using channel ORA_DISK_1
  Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 06-MAY-16
  searching for all files in the recovery area
  cataloging files...
  no files cataloged
  searching for all files that match the pattern /home/OracleBack/rmanbak
  List of Files Unknown to the Database
  =====================================
  File Name: /home/OracleBack/rmanbak/scp_20160223_09qukp2u_1_1
  File Name: /home/OracleBack/rmanbak/arch_20160223_0bqukp92_1_1
  File Name: /home/OracleBack/rmanbak/scp_20160223_0aqukp2u_1_1
  File Name: /home/OracleBack/rmanbak/ctl_c-3234695588-20160223-01
  File Name: /home/OracleBack/rmanbak/arch_20160223_08qukp2t_1_1
  Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes
  cataloging files...
  cataloging done
  List of Cataloged Files
  =======================
  File Name: /home/OracleBack/rmanbak/scp_20160223_09qukp2u_1_1
  File Name: /home/OracleBack/rmanbak/arch_20160223_0bqukp92_1_1
  File Name: /home/OracleBack/rmanbak/scp_20160223_0aqukp2u_1_1
  File Name: /home/OracleBack/rmanbak/ctl_c-3234695588-20160223-01
  File Name: /home/OracleBack/rmanbak/arch_20160223_08qukp2t_1_1
  复制代码
  H、对备份集做交叉检查,否则还原数据库时可能会报错
  复制代码
  RMAN> crosscheck backup;
  using channel ORA_DISK_1
  crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
  backup piece handle=/orabackup/RmanBackupSet/20160223/arch_20160223_08qukp2t_1_1 RECID=8 STAMP=904553565
  crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
  backup piece handle=/home/OracleBack/rmanbak/arch_20160223_08qukp2t_1_1 RECID=16 STAMP=911172456
  crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
  backup piece handle=/orabackup/RmanBackupSet/20160223/scp_20160223_0aqukp2u_1_1 RECID=9 STAMP=904553567
  crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
  backup piece handle=/home/OracleBack/rmanbak/scp_20160223_0aqukp2u_1_1 RECID=14 STAMP=911172456
  crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
  backup piece handle=/orabackup/RmanBackupSet/20160223/scp_20160223_09qukp2u_1_1 RECID=10 STAMP=904553567
  crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
  backup piece handle=/home/OracleBack/rmanbak/scp_20160223_09qukp2u_1_1 RECID=12 STAMP=911172456
  crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
  backup piece handle=/orabackup/RmanBackupSet/20160223/arch_20160223_0bqukp92_1_1 RECID=11 STAMP=904553762
  crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
  backup piece handle=/home/OracleBack/rmanbak/arch_20160223_0bqukp92_1_1 RECID=13 STAMP=911172456
  crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
  backup piece handle=/home/OracleBack/rmanbak/ctl_c-3234695588-20160223-01 RECID=15 STAMP=911172456
  Crosschecked 9 objects
  复制代码
  I、通过控制文件获得表空间及数据文件列表
  复制代码
  RMAN> report schema;
  RMAN-06139: WARNING: control file is not current for REPORT SCHEMA
  Report of database schema for database with db_unique_name SCP
  List of Permanent Datafiles
  ===========================
  File Size(MB) Tablespace RB segs Datafile Name
  ---- -------- -------------------- ------- ------------------------
  1 0 SYSTEM *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/scp/system01.dbf
  2 0 ZYTK_AC *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/scp/zytk_ac01.dbf
  3 0 SYSAUX *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/scp/sysaux01.dbf
  4 0 UNDOTBS1 *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/scp/undotbs01.dbf
  5 0 EXAMPLE *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/scp/example01.dbf
  6 0 USERS *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/scp/users01.dbf
  7 0 ZYTK_AC *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/scp/zytk_ac02.dbf
  8 0 ZYTK_ID *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/scp/zytk_id01.dbf
  9 0 ZYTK_ID *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/scp/zytk_id02.dbf
  10 0 ZYTK_OP *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/scp/zytk_op01.dbf
  11 0 ZYTK_OP *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/scp/zytk_op02.dbf
  12 0 ZYTK_TEST01 *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/scp/zytk_test01.dbf
  List of Temporary Files
  =======================
  File Size(MB) Tablespace Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name
  ---- -------- -------------------- ----------- --------------------
  1 60 TEMP 32767 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/scp/temp01.dbf
  注意:restore 的时候不会对temp 表空间进行restore。所以等restore 之后,我们需要手工创建temp表空间。
  
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