Question

直接引语变成间接引语的用法及技巧

Answer 1

1、关于直接引语和间接引语。
引述别人的话时,一般采用两种方式：一是引用别人的原话,把它放在引号内,称为直接引语;二是用自己的话加以转述,被转述的话不放在引号内,称为间接引语，间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从句。
2、关于直接引语变成间接引语时的用法和技巧。
直接引语转换成间接引语需注意：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序等。
①直接引语是陈述句,变成间接引语时,由连词that
引导.例如：
　　She
said,“I
am
very
happy
to
be
with
you.”
→She
said
(that)
she
was
very
happy
to
be
with
me.
　　He
said,“I
will
choose
a
book
for
my
students.”
→He
said(that)he
would
choose
a
book
for
his
students.
②直接引语是一般疑问句时,变成间接引语,由连词whether或if
引导.例如：
　　He
asked
me,“Do
you
like
watching
TV?”→He
asked
me
if/whether
I
liked
watching
TV.
　　He
asked,“Are
you
sure
your
mother
will
come?”→He
asked
me
whether
/
if
I
was
sure
my
mother
would
come.
　　注意：大多数情况下,if和whether
在引导宾语从句时可以互换,但后紧跟or
not时,一般只用whether.例如：
　　She
asked
me
whether
or
not
he
could
do
the
work./
She
asked
me
whether
he
could
do
the
work
or
not.
③直接引语是特殊疑问句,变成间接引语时,由相应的连接词who,whom,what,whose,how,when,why,where
等引导.例如：
　　He
asked:“Where
are
you
to
get
off,John?”
→He
asked
John
where
he
was
to
get
off.
　　My
sister
asked
me,“How
do
you
like
the
play?”→My
sister
asked
me
how
I
liked
the
play.
　　Tom
asked
me,“Who
is
the
boy
over
there?”→Tom
asked
me,“Who
was
the
boy
over
there?”
④直接引语是祈使句,其间接引语由主语+动词ask(委婉语气),tell(一般语气),order
(命令语气)或warn,advise等+复合宾语(名/代词+动词不定式)构成.如：
　　He
said,“Please
come
here
again
tomorrow.”→He
asked
me
to
go
there
again
the
next
day.
　　“Be
careful
with
the
dog.”→He
warned
me
to
be
careful
with
the
dog.
⑤直接引语变间接引语时,如果引述动词为过去式,需注意时态的变化：如：
　　1)
Betty
said,“Lingling
is
singing
in
the
classroom
now.”
现在进行时→
　　Betty
said
Lingling
was
singing
in
the
class
room
then.-过去进行时
　　2)
He
said,“I
will
go
to
London
next
week.”
一般将来时→
　　He
said
he
would
go
to
London
next
week.过去将来时
　　3)
My
mother
said,“I
have
already
cleaned
the
house.”
现在完成时→
　　My
mother
said
she
had
already
cleaned
the
house.过去完成时
　　注意:
　　1.直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等,主句尽管是过去时态,变成间接引语时,时态仍然用一般现在时态.例如：
　　They
told
their
son,“The
earth
goes
round
the
sun.”→They
told
their
son
that
the
earth
goes
round
the
sun.
　　2.直接引语变间接引语时,指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、动词等要作相应的变化.如：this→that,these→those,now→then,today→that
day,yesterday→the
day
before,last
year→the
year
before,ago→before,here→there
come→go等.例如：
　　He
said,“I
haven’t
seen
them
today.”
→He
said
that
he
hadn’t
seen
them
that
day.
　　但是,如果转述时对话人双方就在原来的地方,或在说话的当天,就不必改变相应的时间状语、地点状语等.总之,对这些变化不能机械理解,应根据实际情况来决定所作的变化.
　　3.间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序,即主、谓、宾的顺序.

Answer 2

转述时，应将思考的主体由别人转换到自己。在这种情况下，所用代词可能会改变。比如：
甲：“我今天踢了足球。”
转述：甲说他今天踢了足球。
甲，对转述者：“你应该把门关上。”
转述：甲说我应该把门关上。
时间词由于原话的发表时间不同而可能有所改变：
甲，昨天：“我今天踢了足球。”
转述：甲昨天说他当天踢了足球。
甲，昨天：“我昨天踢了足球。”
转述：甲昨天说他一天前／前天踢了足球。
方位词由于原话的发表地点不同有可能有所改变：
甲，某处，对转述者：“乙，把这里的窗户关上。”
不在某处时的转述：甲叫我把那里的窗户关上。
甲，三楼：“楼下的安静点。”
转述，一楼：甲在叫我们楼上的／二楼的／他楼下的安静点。
疑问词可能会改为“是否”、“是不是”：
甲：“大家都到齐了吗？”
转述：甲问大家是否都到齐了。
感叹句改成陈述句
甲：“不关你事！”
转述：甲说不关我事。（仅仅是语气变缓和）
甲：“乙是多好的一个人啊！”
转述：甲感叹乙是一个很好的人。（感叹词“多好”变为陈述词“很好”）
如果是英语的话
你只要记住中文的用法
到时候换成英文就行了。