Question

请大家给我讲下虚拟语气常用的几种形式,

Answer 1

虚拟语气是一种动词形式,表示说话人的一种愿望,假设,怀疑,猜测, 建议等含义,虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实.它的用法在表情达意的过程中发挥着重要的作用.近几年高考在单项选择这一题型中出现不多,但在完形填空和短文改错中仍然大量出现.例如,2003年高考完形填空第38题考察的就是在篇章语境中的虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法.虚拟语气的实际用法主要包括以下几种：
1、 虚拟语气用在简单句中,表示“强烈的祝愿或命令的语气”. 常用“May+主语+动词原形”或“主语+动词原形”.例如：May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久. You go out! 你出去!
2、 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法.由wish引导的宾语从句常表示说话人的一种强烈的却暂时无法实现的愿望.
How I wish she would be on my side!(But in fact it’s quite impossible.我多么希望她能站在我一边啊!
How I wish I could help him! 我多么希望我能帮助他啊! How I wish I had watched the close NBA game last night.
另外,在表示“命令”、“坚持”、“要求”或“建议”等意义的及物动词（order, command, demand, require, insist, suggest, propose, advise）之后的宾语从句中的谓语动词同样常使用虚拟语气,表示说话人的要求,其结构为：主语+should+动词原形,其中的should常可省略.例如：The head teacher demanded that we (should ) finish the task in time today.
但是,当insist表示“坚持认为”的意思时,或suggest表示“暗示”或“表明”之意时,宾语从句仍用陈述语气.试比较：My parents insisted that I ( should) enter a key university. /My parents insisted that they were right.
The soldier’s pale face suggested that he was happy to have given his life to his motherland.
The monitor suggested that we (should ) hold a class meeting tomorrow afternoon to discuss the problem.
3、 虚拟语气用在主语从句中.
在句型 "It is important (necessary, strange, natural, a pity, suggested, advised, demanded, commanded, ordered ) that . " 中,that 后面的从句中的谓语动词常用：“ should + 动词原形 ”.例如：
It's necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步.
It's natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的.
It's suggested that we should take good care of the patient.
同理,在表示“命令”、“坚持”、“要求”或“建议”等意义的名词前后的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语动词同样用虚拟语气,既：“主语+(should)+ 动词原形”的句型.例如：
His suggestion /advice is that we should start early tomorrow morning.
3、虚拟语气用在状语从句中.
虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的主句中.在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时,动词有三种虚拟形式,即虚拟条件现在式,过去式和将来式.
1) 虚拟条件现在式：表示与现在事实相反的假设及根本不可能的假设或结果：
条件状语从句
结果主句

If 主语+ 动词过去式（be 用were）
主语+ would/could/should/might + 动词原形

2)虚拟条件过去式：表示与过去事实相反的假设或结果：
条件状语从句
结果主句

If+主语+ had + 过去分词
主语+should/ would/could/might+ have+ 过去分词.

3）虚拟条件将来式：表示与将来事实相反的假设或结果：
条件状语从句
结果主句

If+ should /were to +动词原形
主语+ should/ would/could/might+动词原形

If I were you, I should get it. 如果我是你,我就买了它.
If I had time now, I would study French. 如果我现在有时间,我会学习法语的.
If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果你早一点起床,就会赶上火车的.
If it were to be fine tomorrow, I would go shopping with my friends.
如果明天天气好,我将和朋友们一起去买东西.