初中英语所有句型结构,各种时态结构
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英语各种时态的概念和句型结构
一、一般现在时
1、概念:表示经常性、习惯性的动作。 2、句型结构
(1)be(am,is,are)动词
陈述肯定句:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。 陈述否定句:主语+be(am,is,are)+not+其它。 一般疑问句:Be(am,is,are)+主语+其它? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句?Who are they?
反意疑问句:肯定陈述句+be(am,is,are)+not+主语(相应的代词)? Tom is a doctor, isn’t he?
否定陈述句,+be(am,is,are)+主语(相应的代词)? Tom isn’t a doctor , is he? (2)实义动词
陈述肯定句:其他人称:主语+v.原形+其它。 We go to the beach every Sunday. 第三人称单数:主语+v.s+其它。 Sally does her homework every day.
陈述否定句:其他人称:主语+don’t+v.原形+其它。 We don’t go to the beach every Sunday. 第三人称单数:主语+doesn’t+v.原形+其它。 Sally doesn’t do her homework every day. 一般疑问句:其他人称:Do+主语+v.原形+其它? Do we go to the beach every Sunday?
第三人称单数:Does+主语+v.原形+其它? Does Sally do her homework every day? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句? 其他人称:Where do you go every Sunday? 第三人称单数:What does Sally do every day?
反意疑问句:肯定陈述句,+don’t/doesn’t+主语(相应的代词)? 其他人称:We go to the beach every Sunday, don’t we? 第三人称单数:Sally does her homework every day, doesn’t she? 否定陈述句,+do/does+主语(相应的代词)?
其他人称:We don’t go to the beach every Sunday , do we? 第三人称单数:Sally doesn’t do her homework every day , does she?
二、一般过去时
1、概念:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 2、句型结构
(1)be(was,were)动词
陈述肯定句:主语+be(was,were)+其它。I was at home yesterday. 陈述否定句:主语+be(was,were)+not+其它. .I wasn’t at home yesterday.
一般疑问句:Be(was,were)+主语+其它? Were you at home yesterday? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句? Where were you yesterday?
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反意疑问句:肯定陈述句,+wasn’t/weren’t+主语(相应的代词)? Mary was at school yesterday , wasn’t she? 否定陈述句,+was/were+主语(相应的代词)? Mary wasn’t at school yesterday , was she?
(2)实义动词(实义动词的过去式没有人称和数的变化) 陈述肯定句:主语+v.过去式+其它。 They had a meeting last Monday. 陈述否定句:主语+didn’t+v.原形+其它。 They didn’t have a meeting last Monday. 一般疑问句:Did+主语+v.原形+其它? Did they have a meeting last Monday? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句? When did they have a meeting?
反意疑问句:肯定陈述句,+didn’t+主语(相应的代词)? They had a meeting last Monday ,didn’t they? 否定陈述句,+did+主语(相应的代词)? They didn’ t have a meeting last Monday ,did they?
三、现在进行时
1、概念:表示正在发生的动作,也可以用来表示按计划或安排将要进行的
动作,有“意图”或“打算”等含义。 2、构成:be(am,is,are)+v.ing 3、句型结构
陈述肯定句:主语+be(am,is,are)+v.ing+其它。 Mike is listening to music.
陈述否定句:主语+be(am,is,are)+not+v.ing+其它。 Mike isn’t listening to music.
一般疑问句:Be(am,is,are)+主语+v.ing+其它? IsMikelisteningtomusic?
特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句? Whoislisteningtomusic?
反意疑问句:肯定陈述句,+be(am,is,are)+not+主语(相应的代词)? Mikeislisteningtomusic,isn’the?
否定陈述句,+be(am,is,are)+主语(相应的代词)? Mike isn’t listening to music ,is he?
四、过去进行时
1、概念:表示在过去某一特定的时刻或某一段时间正在发生的动作。 2、构成:be(was,were)+v.ing 3、句型结构
陈述肯定句:主语+be(was,were)+v.ing+其它。 They were working this time yesterday.
陈述否定句:主语+be(was,were)+not+v.ing+其它。 They weren’t working this time yesterday. 一般疑问句:Be(was,were)+主语+v.ing+其它? Were they working this time yesterday? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句? What were they doing this time yesterday?
反意疑问句:肯定陈述句,+wasn’t/weren’t+主语(相应的代词)? They were working this time yesterday , weren’t they?
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否定陈述句,+was/were+主语(相应的代词)? They weren’t working this time yesterday ,were they?
五、一般将来时
1、概念:表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。 2、构成:will(用于所有人称)/shall(只用于第一人称)+v.原形 3、句型结构
陈述肯定句:主语+will+v.原形+其它。 Tina will buy a new pen next month. 陈述否定句:主语+won’t+v.原形+其它。 Tina won’ t buy a new pen next month. 一般疑问句:Will+主语+v.原形+其它? Will Tina buy a new pen next month? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句? When will Tina buy a new pen?
反意疑问句:肯定陈述句,+won’t+主语(相应的代词)? Tina will buy a new pen next month ,won’t she? 否定陈述句,+will+主语(相应的代词)? Tina won’t buy a new pen next month ,will she?
begoingto+v.原形
1、概念:begoingto+v.原形表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的
事情。
2、构成:begoingto+v.原形 3、句型结构
陈述肯定句:主语+be going to+v.原形+其它。
Tony is going to be a doctor when he grows up. 陈述否定句:主语+be+not+goingto+v.原形+其它。 Tony isn’t going to be a doctor when he grows up.
一般疑问句:Be+主语+goingto+v.原形+其它? Is Tony going to be a doctor when he grows up? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句? WhatisTonygoingtobewhenhegrowsup?
反意疑问句:肯定陈述句,+be+not+主语(相应的代词)? Tonyisgoingtobeadoctorwhenhegrowsup,isn’the? 否定陈述句,+be+主语(相应的代词)? Tonyisn’tgoingtobeadoctorwhenhegrowsup,ishe?
六、过去将来时
1、概念:表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将
来时常用于宾语从句中。 2、构成:would+v.原形 3、句型结构
陈述肯定句:主语+would+v.原形+其它。 Wang Ling would visi ther uncle.
陈述否定句:主语+wouldn’t+v.原形+其它。 Wang Ling wouldn’t visit her uncle. 一般疑问句:Would+主语+v.原形+其它? Would Wang Ling visit he runcle? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句? Who would Wang Ling visit?
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反意疑问句:肯定陈述句,+wouldn’t+主语(相应的代词)? Wang Ling would visit her uncle ,wouldn’t she? 否定陈述句,+would+主语(相应的代词)? Wang Ling wouldn’t visit her uncle ,would she?
七、现在完成时
1、概念:
(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 (2)表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某
一时刻延续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的一段时间的状语连用。表示动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词。 2、构成:have/has+v.过去分词 3、句型结构
陈述肯定句:主语+have/has+v.过去分词+其它。 I have already seen the film.
陈述否定句:主语+haven’t/hasn’t+v.过去分词+其它。 I haven’t seen the film yet.
一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+v.过去分词+其它? Have you seen the film yet? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句? Who have seen the film?
反意疑问句:肯定陈述句,+haven’t/hasn’t+主语(相应的代词)? They have seen the film ,haven’t they?
否定陈述句,+have/has+主语(相应的代词)? They haven’ t seen the film ,have they?
八、过去完成时
1、概念:表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作。它表示动作
发生的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间可用等构成的短语。 2、构成:had+v.过去分词 3、句型结构
陈述肯定句:主语+had+v.过去分词+其它。 Tim had reached the station before ten o’clock. 陈述否定句:主语+hadn’t+v.过去分词+其它。 Tim hadn’t reached the station before ten o’clock. 一般疑问句:Had+主语+v.过去分词+其它? Had Tim reached the station before ten o’clock? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句? When had Tim reached the station?
反意疑问句:肯定陈述句,+hadn’t+主语(相应的代词)? Tim had reached the station before ten o’clock,hadn’t he? 否定陈述句,+had+主语(相应的代词)?
Tim hadn’t reached the station before ten o’clock,had he?
感叹句What+n.+主语+谓语!
What fine weather it is today! What an interesting story it is! How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语! How cold it is today! How fast they are running!
祈使句肯定句:v.原形+其它.Open the door.Do it like this.
否定句:Don’t+v.原形+其它.Don’t open the door.
Don’t do it like this
一、一般现在时
1、概念:表示经常性、习惯性的动作。 2、句型结构
(1)be(am,is,are)动词
陈述肯定句:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。 陈述否定句:主语+be(am,is,are)+not+其它。 一般疑问句:Be(am,is,are)+主语+其它? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句?Who are they?
反意疑问句:肯定陈述句+be(am,is,are)+not+主语(相应的代词)? Tom is a doctor, isn’t he?
否定陈述句,+be(am,is,are)+主语(相应的代词)? Tom isn’t a doctor , is he? (2)实义动词
陈述肯定句:其他人称:主语+v.原形+其它。 We go to the beach every Sunday. 第三人称单数:主语+v.s+其它。 Sally does her homework every day.
陈述否定句:其他人称:主语+don’t+v.原形+其它。 We don’t go to the beach every Sunday. 第三人称单数:主语+doesn’t+v.原形+其它。 Sally doesn’t do her homework every day. 一般疑问句:其他人称:Do+主语+v.原形+其它? Do we go to the beach every Sunday?
第三人称单数:Does+主语+v.原形+其它? Does Sally do her homework every day? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句? 其他人称:Where do you go every Sunday? 第三人称单数:What does Sally do every day?
反意疑问句:肯定陈述句,+don’t/doesn’t+主语(相应的代词)? 其他人称:We go to the beach every Sunday, don’t we? 第三人称单数:Sally does her homework every day, doesn’t she? 否定陈述句,+do/does+主语(相应的代词)?
其他人称:We don’t go to the beach every Sunday , do we? 第三人称单数:Sally doesn’t do her homework every day , does she?
二、一般过去时
1、概念:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 2、句型结构
(1)be(was,were)动词
陈述肯定句:主语+be(was,were)+其它。I was at home yesterday. 陈述否定句:主语+be(was,were)+not+其它. .I wasn’t at home yesterday.
一般疑问句:Be(was,were)+主语+其它? Were you at home yesterday? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句? Where were you yesterday?
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反意疑问句:肯定陈述句,+wasn’t/weren’t+主语(相应的代词)? Mary was at school yesterday , wasn’t she? 否定陈述句,+was/were+主语(相应的代词)? Mary wasn’t at school yesterday , was she?
(2)实义动词(实义动词的过去式没有人称和数的变化) 陈述肯定句:主语+v.过去式+其它。 They had a meeting last Monday. 陈述否定句:主语+didn’t+v.原形+其它。 They didn’t have a meeting last Monday. 一般疑问句:Did+主语+v.原形+其它? Did they have a meeting last Monday? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句? When did they have a meeting?
反意疑问句:肯定陈述句,+didn’t+主语(相应的代词)? They had a meeting last Monday ,didn’t they? 否定陈述句,+did+主语(相应的代词)? They didn’ t have a meeting last Monday ,did they?
三、现在进行时
1、概念:表示正在发生的动作,也可以用来表示按计划或安排将要进行的
动作,有“意图”或“打算”等含义。 2、构成:be(am,is,are)+v.ing 3、句型结构
陈述肯定句:主语+be(am,is,are)+v.ing+其它。 Mike is listening to music.
陈述否定句:主语+be(am,is,are)+not+v.ing+其它。 Mike isn’t listening to music.
一般疑问句:Be(am,is,are)+主语+v.ing+其它? IsMikelisteningtomusic?
特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句? Whoislisteningtomusic?
反意疑问句:肯定陈述句,+be(am,is,are)+not+主语(相应的代词)? Mikeislisteningtomusic,isn’the?
否定陈述句,+be(am,is,are)+主语(相应的代词)? Mike isn’t listening to music ,is he?
四、过去进行时
1、概念:表示在过去某一特定的时刻或某一段时间正在发生的动作。 2、构成:be(was,were)+v.ing 3、句型结构
陈述肯定句:主语+be(was,were)+v.ing+其它。 They were working this time yesterday.
陈述否定句:主语+be(was,were)+not+v.ing+其它。 They weren’t working this time yesterday. 一般疑问句:Be(was,were)+主语+v.ing+其它? Were they working this time yesterday? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句? What were they doing this time yesterday?
反意疑问句:肯定陈述句,+wasn’t/weren’t+主语(相应的代词)? They were working this time yesterday , weren’t they?
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否定陈述句,+was/were+主语(相应的代词)? They weren’t working this time yesterday ,were they?
五、一般将来时
1、概念:表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。 2、构成:will(用于所有人称)/shall(只用于第一人称)+v.原形 3、句型结构
陈述肯定句:主语+will+v.原形+其它。 Tina will buy a new pen next month. 陈述否定句:主语+won’t+v.原形+其它。 Tina won’ t buy a new pen next month. 一般疑问句:Will+主语+v.原形+其它? Will Tina buy a new pen next month? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句? When will Tina buy a new pen?
反意疑问句:肯定陈述句,+won’t+主语(相应的代词)? Tina will buy a new pen next month ,won’t she? 否定陈述句,+will+主语(相应的代词)? Tina won’t buy a new pen next month ,will she?
begoingto+v.原形
1、概念:begoingto+v.原形表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的
事情。
2、构成:begoingto+v.原形 3、句型结构
陈述肯定句:主语+be going to+v.原形+其它。
Tony is going to be a doctor when he grows up. 陈述否定句:主语+be+not+goingto+v.原形+其它。 Tony isn’t going to be a doctor when he grows up.
一般疑问句:Be+主语+goingto+v.原形+其它? Is Tony going to be a doctor when he grows up? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句? WhatisTonygoingtobewhenhegrowsup?
反意疑问句:肯定陈述句,+be+not+主语(相应的代词)? Tonyisgoingtobeadoctorwhenhegrowsup,isn’the? 否定陈述句,+be+主语(相应的代词)? Tonyisn’tgoingtobeadoctorwhenhegrowsup,ishe?
六、过去将来时
1、概念:表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将
来时常用于宾语从句中。 2、构成:would+v.原形 3、句型结构
陈述肯定句:主语+would+v.原形+其它。 Wang Ling would visi ther uncle.
陈述否定句:主语+wouldn’t+v.原形+其它。 Wang Ling wouldn’t visit her uncle. 一般疑问句:Would+主语+v.原形+其它? Would Wang Ling visit he runcle? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句? Who would Wang Ling visit?
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反意疑问句:肯定陈述句,+wouldn’t+主语(相应的代词)? Wang Ling would visit her uncle ,wouldn’t she? 否定陈述句,+would+主语(相应的代词)? Wang Ling wouldn’t visit her uncle ,would she?
七、现在完成时
1、概念:
(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 (2)表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某
一时刻延续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的一段时间的状语连用。表示动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词。 2、构成:have/has+v.过去分词 3、句型结构
陈述肯定句:主语+have/has+v.过去分词+其它。 I have already seen the film.
陈述否定句:主语+haven’t/hasn’t+v.过去分词+其它。 I haven’t seen the film yet.
一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+v.过去分词+其它? Have you seen the film yet? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句? Who have seen the film?
反意疑问句:肯定陈述句,+haven’t/hasn’t+主语(相应的代词)? They have seen the film ,haven’t they?
否定陈述句,+have/has+主语(相应的代词)? They haven’ t seen the film ,have they?
八、过去完成时
1、概念:表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作。它表示动作
发生的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间可用等构成的短语。 2、构成:had+v.过去分词 3、句型结构
陈述肯定句:主语+had+v.过去分词+其它。 Tim had reached the station before ten o’clock. 陈述否定句:主语+hadn’t+v.过去分词+其它。 Tim hadn’t reached the station before ten o’clock. 一般疑问句:Had+主语+v.过去分词+其它? Had Tim reached the station before ten o’clock? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句? When had Tim reached the station?
反意疑问句:肯定陈述句,+hadn’t+主语(相应的代词)? Tim had reached the station before ten o’clock,hadn’t he? 否定陈述句,+had+主语(相应的代词)?
Tim hadn’t reached the station before ten o’clock,had he?
感叹句What+n.+主语+谓语!
What fine weather it is today! What an interesting story it is! How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语! How cold it is today! How fast they are running!
祈使句肯定句:v.原形+其它.Open the door.Do it like this.
否定句:Don’t+v.原形+其它.Don’t open the door.
Don’t do it like this
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一、一般现在时:
概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, etc.
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
二、一般过去时:
概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。
三、现在进行时:
概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.
基本结构:am/is/are+doing
否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
四、过去进行时:
概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
基本结构:was/were+doing
否定形式:was/were + not + doing.
一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。
五、现在完成时:
概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
基本结构:have/has + done
否定形式:have/has + not +done.
一般疑问句:have或has。
六、过去完成时:
概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
基本结构:had + done.
否定形式:had + not + done.
一般疑问句:had放于句首。
七、一般将来时:
概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
基本结构:①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.
否定形式:①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。
八、过去将来时:
概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
基本结构:①was/were/going to + do;②would/should + do.
否定形式:①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do.
一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②would/shou
概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, etc.
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
二、一般过去时:
概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。
三、现在进行时:
概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.
基本结构:am/is/are+doing
否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
四、过去进行时:
概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
基本结构:was/were+doing
否定形式:was/were + not + doing.
一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。
五、现在完成时:
概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
基本结构:have/has + done
否定形式:have/has + not +done.
一般疑问句:have或has。
六、过去完成时:
概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
基本结构:had + done.
否定形式:had + not + done.
一般疑问句:had放于句首。
七、一般将来时:
概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
基本结构:①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.
否定形式:①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。
八、过去将来时:
概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
基本结构:①was/were/going to + do;②would/should + do.
否定形式:①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do.
一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②would/shou
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