Serializer序列化对象时,如何去掉空元素
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使用XmlSerializer可以方便的将对象序列化为xml,实现应用之间的数据交互。但是XmlSerializer却不能很好地序列化类型中的可为null的字段。
例如,有如下定义的类Person:
[Serializable]
[XmlRoot(ElementName = "Person")]
public class Person
{
public string FirstName { get; set; }
public string LastName { get; set; }
public int? Age { get; set; }
}
[Serializable]
[XmlRoot(ElementName = "Person")]
public class Person
{
public string FirstName { get; set; }
public string LastName { get; set; }
public int? Age { get; set; }
}
其中的Age属性为Nullable int类型。
我们的实例化代码如下所示:
var person = new Person
{
FirstName = "First",
};
person.OutputXml(Console.Out);
var person = new Person
{
FirstName = "First",
};
person.OutputXml(Console.Out);
其中方法OutputXml为扩展方法,使用XmlSerializer来序列化对象,具体定义为:
public static void OutputXml<T>(this T dto, TextWriter textWriter)
{
var xmlTypeMapping = typeof(T);
var serializer = new XmlSerializer(xmlTypeMapping);
var xmlns = new XmlSerializerNamespaces();
xmlns.Add(string.Empty, string.Empty);
using (var writer = new XmlTextWriter(textWriter) { Formatting = Formatting.Indented })
{
serializer.Serialize(writer, dto, xmlns);
}
}
public static void OutputXml<T>(this T dto, TextWriter textWriter)
{
var xmlTypeMapping = typeof(T);
var serializer = new XmlSerializer(xmlTypeMapping);
var xmlns = new XmlSerializerNamespaces();
xmlns.Add(string.Empty, string.Empty);
using (var writer = new XmlTextWriter(textWriter) { Formatting = Formatting.Indented })
{
serializer.Serialize(writer, dto, xmlns);
}
}
使用上述方法序列化对象person,得到的结果为:
注意到虽然Age属性为空,却仍然被序列化成 了古怪的xml,这往往不是所期望的结果。事实上同为空的LastName属性的序列化正是大多数情况下我们所期望的行为——忽略为空的属性。
另一方面,如果试图序列化类属性为xml 属性(而非xml元素),则甚至不能工作。例如如果我们将Person类的定义修改成如下形式以便序列化为xml属性:
[Serializable]
[XmlRoot(ElementName = "Person")]
public class Person
{
[XmlAttribute]
public string FirstName { get; set; }
[XmlAttribute]
public string LastName { get; set; }
[XmlAttribute]
public int? Age { get; set; }
}
[Serializable]
[XmlRoot(ElementName = "Person")]
public class Person
{
[XmlAttribute]
public string FirstName { get; set; }
[XmlAttribute]
public string LastName { get; set; }
[XmlAttribute]
public int? Age { get; set; }
}
Xmlserializer甚至无法正常序列化上面同样的person对象并抛出如下“XmlAttribute/XmlText cannot be used to encode complex types”的错误:
如何解决上述的2个问题呢?
1. 序列化可为null属性输出为XmlElement
为了在序列化可空属性的时候忽略空值的古怪输出,我们可以在Person类中定义一个返回bool的特殊方法 ShouldSerializeAge,并在其中实现定义我们的序列化规则:
[Serializable]
[XmlRoot(ElementName = "Person")]
public class Person
{
public string FirstName { get; set; }
public string LastName { get; set; }
public int? Age { get; set; }
public bool ShouldSerializeAge()
{
return Age.HasValue;
}
}
[Serializable]
[XmlRoot(ElementName = "Person")]
public class Person
{
public string FirstName { get; set; }
public string LastName { get; set; }
public int? Age { get; set; }
public bool ShouldSerializeAge()
{
return Age.HasValue;
}
}
在这里我们定义序列化规则为:序列化非空Age。注意该方法的名字一定是以ShouldSerialize开头并连接上需要自定义规则的属性名 称。这样序列化出来的person对象为:
空的Age和空的LastName一样在序列化时被忽略了输出。正是我们期望的结果!
2. 序列化可为null的属性输出为XmlAttribute
由于可空属性无法被直接序列化为XmlAttribute,我们需要采用间接的办法——定义间接属性。此时我们可以如下定义Person类:
[Serializable]
[XmlRoot(ElementName = "Person")]
public class Person
{
[XmlAttribute]
public string FirstName { get; set; }
[XmlAttribute]
public string LastName { get; set; }
[XmlIgnore] // (4)
public int? Age { get; set; }
[XmlAttribute(AttributeName = "Age")] // (1)
public string AgeValue
{
get
{
// (2)
return Age.HasValue ? Age.Value.ToString() : null;
}
set
{
int result;
// (3)
Age = int.TryParse(value, out result) ? result : (int?) null;
}
}
}
[Serializable]
[XmlRoot(ElementName = "Person")]
public class Person
{
[XmlAttribute]
public string FirstName { get; set; }
[XmlAttribute]
public string LastName { get; set; }
[XmlIgnore] // (4)
public int? Age { get; set; }
[XmlAttribute(AttributeName = "Age")] // (1)
public string AgeValue
{
get
{
// (2)
return Age.HasValue ? Age.Value.ToString() : null;
}
set
{
int result;
// (3)
Age = int.TryParse(value, out result) ? result : (int?) null;
}
}
}
例如,有如下定义的类Person:
[Serializable]
[XmlRoot(ElementName = "Person")]
public class Person
{
public string FirstName { get; set; }
public string LastName { get; set; }
public int? Age { get; set; }
}
[Serializable]
[XmlRoot(ElementName = "Person")]
public class Person
{
public string FirstName { get; set; }
public string LastName { get; set; }
public int? Age { get; set; }
}
其中的Age属性为Nullable int类型。
我们的实例化代码如下所示:
var person = new Person
{
FirstName = "First",
};
person.OutputXml(Console.Out);
var person = new Person
{
FirstName = "First",
};
person.OutputXml(Console.Out);
其中方法OutputXml为扩展方法,使用XmlSerializer来序列化对象,具体定义为:
public static void OutputXml<T>(this T dto, TextWriter textWriter)
{
var xmlTypeMapping = typeof(T);
var serializer = new XmlSerializer(xmlTypeMapping);
var xmlns = new XmlSerializerNamespaces();
xmlns.Add(string.Empty, string.Empty);
using (var writer = new XmlTextWriter(textWriter) { Formatting = Formatting.Indented })
{
serializer.Serialize(writer, dto, xmlns);
}
}
public static void OutputXml<T>(this T dto, TextWriter textWriter)
{
var xmlTypeMapping = typeof(T);
var serializer = new XmlSerializer(xmlTypeMapping);
var xmlns = new XmlSerializerNamespaces();
xmlns.Add(string.Empty, string.Empty);
using (var writer = new XmlTextWriter(textWriter) { Formatting = Formatting.Indented })
{
serializer.Serialize(writer, dto, xmlns);
}
}
使用上述方法序列化对象person,得到的结果为:
注意到虽然Age属性为空,却仍然被序列化成 了古怪的xml,这往往不是所期望的结果。事实上同为空的LastName属性的序列化正是大多数情况下我们所期望的行为——忽略为空的属性。
另一方面,如果试图序列化类属性为xml 属性(而非xml元素),则甚至不能工作。例如如果我们将Person类的定义修改成如下形式以便序列化为xml属性:
[Serializable]
[XmlRoot(ElementName = "Person")]
public class Person
{
[XmlAttribute]
public string FirstName { get; set; }
[XmlAttribute]
public string LastName { get; set; }
[XmlAttribute]
public int? Age { get; set; }
}
[Serializable]
[XmlRoot(ElementName = "Person")]
public class Person
{
[XmlAttribute]
public string FirstName { get; set; }
[XmlAttribute]
public string LastName { get; set; }
[XmlAttribute]
public int? Age { get; set; }
}
Xmlserializer甚至无法正常序列化上面同样的person对象并抛出如下“XmlAttribute/XmlText cannot be used to encode complex types”的错误:
如何解决上述的2个问题呢?
1. 序列化可为null属性输出为XmlElement
为了在序列化可空属性的时候忽略空值的古怪输出,我们可以在Person类中定义一个返回bool的特殊方法 ShouldSerializeAge,并在其中实现定义我们的序列化规则:
[Serializable]
[XmlRoot(ElementName = "Person")]
public class Person
{
public string FirstName { get; set; }
public string LastName { get; set; }
public int? Age { get; set; }
public bool ShouldSerializeAge()
{
return Age.HasValue;
}
}
[Serializable]
[XmlRoot(ElementName = "Person")]
public class Person
{
public string FirstName { get; set; }
public string LastName { get; set; }
public int? Age { get; set; }
public bool ShouldSerializeAge()
{
return Age.HasValue;
}
}
在这里我们定义序列化规则为:序列化非空Age。注意该方法的名字一定是以ShouldSerialize开头并连接上需要自定义规则的属性名 称。这样序列化出来的person对象为:
空的Age和空的LastName一样在序列化时被忽略了输出。正是我们期望的结果!
2. 序列化可为null的属性输出为XmlAttribute
由于可空属性无法被直接序列化为XmlAttribute,我们需要采用间接的办法——定义间接属性。此时我们可以如下定义Person类:
[Serializable]
[XmlRoot(ElementName = "Person")]
public class Person
{
[XmlAttribute]
public string FirstName { get; set; }
[XmlAttribute]
public string LastName { get; set; }
[XmlIgnore] // (4)
public int? Age { get; set; }
[XmlAttribute(AttributeName = "Age")] // (1)
public string AgeValue
{
get
{
// (2)
return Age.HasValue ? Age.Value.ToString() : null;
}
set
{
int result;
// (3)
Age = int.TryParse(value, out result) ? result : (int?) null;
}
}
}
[Serializable]
[XmlRoot(ElementName = "Person")]
public class Person
{
[XmlAttribute]
public string FirstName { get; set; }
[XmlAttribute]
public string LastName { get; set; }
[XmlIgnore] // (4)
public int? Age { get; set; }
[XmlAttribute(AttributeName = "Age")] // (1)
public string AgeValue
{
get
{
// (2)
return Age.HasValue ? Age.Value.ToString() : null;
}
set
{
int result;
// (3)
Age = int.TryParse(value, out result) ? result : (int?) null;
}
}
}
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