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1. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned（使形成条件反射）mice to avoid saccharin（糖精）by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. [参考译文]1975年，罗切斯特大学医学院的心理学家Robert Ader在使老鼠对排斥糖精形成条件反射的试验中，喂食老鼠糖精的同时给它们注射了一种药剂，这种药在破坏老鼠的免疫系统的同时还会引起腹痛。
2. Where is industry‘s and our recognition that protecting mankind’s great treasure is the single most important responsibility？
[参考译文]企业和我们个人什么时候才能意识到保护人类的资源宝藏是最最重要的责任呢？
3. If ever there will be time for environmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems，that time is now. [参考译文]如果说有需要环保专业人员站出来担负起领导责任的时机的话，现在可谓是正当其时。
4. The Times newspaper agrees，complaining that quality has suffered as student numbers soared，with close tutorial supervision giving way to“mass production methods more typical of European universities.”
[参考译文]《泰晤士报》对此有同感，它报怨说，由于学生人数激增，教学质量受影响，因为个别指导不得不让位于“欧洲大陆国家高校里惯有的大规模生产方式”。
5. If food already contains natural carcinogens，it does not make sense to add dozens of new man-made ones. [参考译文]尽管食品中已经含有了天然的致癌物质，但是，再人为地增加一些有毒物质也是很不应该的。
6. By studying mineral grains found in material ranging from rocks to clay articles，previous researchers have already been able to identify reversals dating back 170 million years，including the most recent switch 730，000 years ago. [参考译文]通过研究岩石，陶器等一系列材料中含有的矿物颗粒，先前的研究人员已能够确认早在1.7亿年发生的磁场两极转化现象，以及发生在73万年以前的最新一次两极转化现象。
7. Several theories link polarity flips to external disasters such as meteor impacts. [参考译文]有些理论将两极转化现象归因于诸如陨星撞击等外部因素。
8. They could not learn：they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. [参考译文]人们能够学习的原因是：人的经历能够带来奖励或惩罚。换言之，如果人的某一行为得到的是鼓励，他重复这种行为；如果亿的某一行为带给他的是惩罚，他会避免这种行为。为了获得鼓励，避免惩罚，人会努力去做他人认可的事情，从而不断进步。
9. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are“good”and others are“bad”，and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life-from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. [参考译文]与事物的情感经历使我们产生了一种社会认同感，即认为某些事情或行为是好的，其他的是坏的。我们还把“好”和“坏”的分类推而广之，运用于社会生活的方方面面，——从我们吃的，穿的，到如何守信以及与什么人为伍等。
10. The current crisis，it contends，does not derive from a legitimate desire to put learning to productive ends. [参考译文]报告坚持认为，当前高校面临的危机不是由将知识运用于生产这一指导思想导致的，这一思想是完全正确的。
11. Yet for all the talk of a forthcoming technological utopia little attention has been given to the implications of these developments for the poor. [参考译文]然而，尽管人们正在大谈特谈即将到来的令人神往的科技王国，却很少有人意识到这些技术发展中国家意味着什么。
12. The electronic economy made possible by information technology allows the haves to increase their control on global market，—with destructive impact on the have-nots. [参考译文]信息技术使电子经济成为可能，而电子经济将进一步加强富国对全球市场的控制，从而给穷国家带来毁灭性的影响。
13. Home schoolers habor few kind words for public schools，charging shortcomings that range from lack of religious perspective in the curriculum to a herdlike approach to teaching children. [参考译文]家庭教育的倡导对学校教育鲜有褒奖，他们指责学校教育的种种弊端，从课和表上没有宗教课到放牧的教育方法，不一而足。
14. Finally，advertisers try to begin commercials with sounds that are highly different from those of programming within which the commercial is buried. [参考译文]最后，广告人员还运用各种方法使广告节目的声音不同于其他节目的声音。
15. The act，designed to protect species‘living areas，and policies that preserve land and forests compete with economic interests. [参考译文]这一旨在保护动物生活场所的法案以及一些保护土地及森林的政策却与经济利益相抵触。
16. Once again，the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties while acting just the contrary. [参考译文]你会说以貌取人不是美国人的做法，这不公平，令人难以置信然而，科学家们又一次证明我们言行不一。
17. Not content with its doubtful claim to produce cheap food for our own population，the factory farming industry also argues that“hungry nations are benefiting from advances made by the poultry industry.”
[参考译文]工厂养殖业已不满足于我国人口提供廉价食物的可疑说法，进一步提出了“让贫困国家从家禽养殖业的发展中受益”的论调。
18. then came the weakening of the U.S. dollar against major currencies. [参考译文]其次，美元对世界其他主要货币的比价下跌。
19. Bottom retail prices—anywhere from 30% to 70% lower than those in Europe and Asia—have attracted some 47 million visitors，who are expected to leave behind $79 billion in 1994. [参考译文]比欧洲和亚洲低30%~70%的零售价价格吸引了约四千七百万的游客于1994年涌入美国，而这些游客为美国留下了79亿美元的收入。
20. It is said that the public and Congressional concern about deceptive（欺骗性的）packaging rumpus（喧嚣）started because Senator Hart discovered that the boxes of cereals consumed by him，Mrs. Hart，and their children were becoming higher and narrower，with a decline of net weight from 12 to 10 1/2 ounces，without any reduction in price. [参考译文]参议员哈特一家在购买合装麦片时发现，包装盒变高了，变窄了，食品的分量也减少了，然而价格却分文未降。据说，由此在公众和议会中引发了一场关于欺骗性商品包装的轩然大波。
21. The producers of packaged products argue strongly against changing sizes of packages to contain even weights and volumes，but no one in the trade comments unfavorably on the huge costs incurred by endless changes of package sizes，materials，shape，art work，and net weights that are used for improving a product‘s market position. [参考译文]生产包装产品的商家极力反对在改变了包装上原有分量的商品，但他们却丝毫不反对为了扩大产品的市场优势，用于不断改变包装的大小、用料、形状、制作工艺以及商品的净重的大笔花费。
22. If the bottom half can‘t effectively staff the processes that have to be operated，the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear. [参考译文]如果生产工人不能有效地完成有关的生产过程，那么，与这些过程相关的管理和专业职位亦将不复存在。
23. The biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to the subject.全句的字面意思是：传记作家不得不在与传主所处的摇摆不定位置之间跳来跳致病去。
隐含之义为：传记作家必须与传主保持适当距离，并要时常调整与传主间的距离。
24. In book promotions，the“unauthorized”characterization usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress. [参考译文]推销书时，未经授权的传记往往意味着读者有可能从中读到传主不希望公之于众的，绘声绘色的内幕故事。
25. In Japan，however，where babies are carried on their mother‘s back，infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. [参考译文]然而，在日本，由婴儿从小背在母亲背上，他们对眼睛的依恋就不如生长在其他文化环境中的孩子那样深。
26. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintainance of conversational flow becomes evident when tow speakers are wearing dark glasses…
[参考译文]当谈话双方戴着墨镜时，双方的目光接触在保持交谈顺利进行方面的重要性就不言而喻了。
27. Unlike other lawbreakers，who must leave the country，commit suicide，or go to jail，computer criminals sometimes escape punishment，demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. [参考译文]其他的违法者或者逃亡国外，或者自杀，或者进监狱，计算机犯罪分子却不同，他们可以逃避惩罚，并且要挟不要指控他们，甚至还要求为他们出具有利的推荐信或者为他们提供其他好处，他们的要求往往能够得到满足。
28. The possibility of increases in the cost of uranium（铀）in addition to the cost of greater safety provisions could price nuclear power out of the market. [参考译文]用于采取进一步的安全措施的费用加上铀价的上涨会使核能因价格过高而失去市场。
29. Having weighed up the arguments on both sides，it seems there are good economic and ecological reasons for sources of energy other than unclear power. [参考译文]权衡核能赞成者和反对者的论据之后，从经济和生态两方面考虑，似乎有充分的理由认为应选用其他能源。
30. Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are，who they are not，and who they would like to be. [参考译文]人们的穿着能够暗示他们是什么样的人，不是什么样的人，或可能会是什么样的人，因此，在我们判断一个人时起着关键作用。
31. Coleman concludes that excellent job performance is so common these days that while doing your work well may win you pay increases，it won‘t secure you the big promotion. [参考译文]科尔曼得出的结论如下：如今出色的工作表现十分普遍，虽说工作出色你可以加薪，但你未必能够高升。
32. Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think they‘ve gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down（使…不突出）their visibility. [参考译文]大多数女职员和黑人职员害怕人家说自己是因为性别或种族才得到提拔的，因此，他们尽量不去抛头露面。
33. The Oxford dictionary can therefore stand more vigorous scrutiny for cultural bias than the Longman dictionary because the latter does not hesitate about viewing the rest of the world from the cultural perspectives of the English-speaking world. [参考译文]因此，《牛津词典》比《朗读曼词典》更经得起文化偏见的严格审视，因为后者总是说英语国家的视角来评判其他国家的文化现象。
34. In reality，though the BBC dictionary will be purchased by a far wider range of language learners，as will the other two dictionaries. [参考译文]实际上，BBC词典将拥有比另外两本词典更广的读者群。
35. And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple mindedness as he sees it-of citizens，social workers，doctors，law-makers，and judges，who，instead of eliminating crime punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform. [参考译文]由于警察认为人们（市民，社会工作者，医生，立法人员以及法官）头脑简单—比如，法官不是重罚以消除犯罪而是量刑从轻以期促使罪犯改过自新—因此，他们与社会之间的隔阂更深一层。
36. A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. [参考译文]予和机器人既是物理体，同样也是文化现象。
37. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation，but，custom，we have a way of thinking，is behavior at its most commonplace. [参考译文]对于人脑的内部活动，我们认为特别值得研究。但对于传统风俗，我们却觉得那不过是最最平常的行为而已。
38. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom，is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the language of his family. [参考译文]约翰·杜威曾经十分认真地说过，风俗习惯对个人的行为的影响与个人对传统习惯的影响之比，正如一个人母语的词汇总量与他儿时从家庭用语中学会的儿童用语之比。
39. The most vivid body of“things”in it，of course，are musical instruments. [参考译文]当然，音乐文化的最生动的物质载体是乐器。
40. Through the study of instruments，as well as painting，written documents，and so on，we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago，or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra. [参考译文]通过对图片、文字记载以及乐器等的研究，我们可以了解一千多年以前近东音乐传入中国的情况，也可以勒出近东音乐的影响波及欧洲并导致交响乐的大部分乐器发展和演变的大致轮廓。
41. Conflict，defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another，is distinguished from competition，defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply. [参考译文]战争冲突与竞争不同，前者可以定义为社会实体之间彼此对立的抗争，后者可定义为各个实体在单独获取供应不足的物资时所产生的对抗。
42. Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species，only the fittest survive. [参考译文]许多作家根据动物世界为生存而进行的斗争中具有适者生存的规律这一点，论证战争是不可避免的。
43. As Dr. Samuel Johnson said in different ear about ladies preaching，the surprising thing about computers is not that they think less well than a man，but that they think at all. [参考译文]正如在不同时代，塞缪尔·约翰逊博士所谈论的女士布道一样，计算机的惊人之处不是它们的思考能力不如人类，而是它们居然会思考。
44. Finally，the line between the original and the copy becomes unclear. [参考译文]最后，人类和计算机之间的界线将变得模糊起来。
45. Having evolved when the pace of life was slower，the human brain has an inherent defect that prevents it from absorbing several streams of information simultaneously and acting on them quickly. [参考译文]由于在其进化期间，人类的生活节奏较为缓慢，人脑形成了固有的缺陷，不能同时接收来自多个渠道的信息并迅速进行处理。
47. In an ideal world，there would be some ways of controlling quality such as that the VCR must be redesigned repeatedly until，say. 90 per cent of the time. [参考译文]理想的社会里，一定会有办法来监控产品的质量。例如，对录像机，可以通过反复设计，最终达到，比方说，使90%的用户在90%的情况下能正确使用其90%的功能。
47. We have only to look behind us to get some sense of what may lie ahead. [参考译文]要想知道未来会是什么样子，我们就要回顾过去。或者：回顾过去，我们可以据此展望未来。
48. No one looking ahead 20 years possibly could have foreseen the ways in which a single invention，the chip，would transform our world thanks to its applications in personal computers，digital communications and factory robots. [参考译文]如果20年前的人们预想现在的情况，恐怕谁也无法预见到仅集成电路块一项发明，一旦将其运用于个人电脑、数字通信和工厂机器人身上，会给世界带来怎样的变化。
49. Interestingly，though，the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of attractive overnight successes. [参考译文]然而，有趣的是，如果长相平平的女士和漂亮的女士都有突然获得成功，人们会认为长相平平的女士的人际关系比漂亮女士好，而她们的能力却不如漂亮女士。
50. Most of these books，as well as several chapters，mainly in，but not limited to，journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts，stress the“how to”aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview，its context，and implications. [参考译文]大多数的这类书和一些章节强调如何进行采访，而不是研究采访的概念性问题，比如采访的概念性问题，比如采访的背景以及含义。这些章节主要见于，但也不限于，报章杂志、广播手册以及新闻报道的书籍中。
2. Where is industry‘s and our recognition that protecting mankind’s great treasure is the single most important responsibility？
[参考译文]企业和我们个人什么时候才能意识到保护人类的资源宝藏是最最重要的责任呢？
3. If ever there will be time for environmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems，that time is now. [参考译文]如果说有需要环保专业人员站出来担负起领导责任的时机的话，现在可谓是正当其时。
4. The Times newspaper agrees，complaining that quality has suffered as student numbers soared，with close tutorial supervision giving way to“mass production methods more typical of European universities.”
[参考译文]《泰晤士报》对此有同感，它报怨说，由于学生人数激增，教学质量受影响，因为个别指导不得不让位于“欧洲大陆国家高校里惯有的大规模生产方式”。
5. If food already contains natural carcinogens，it does not make sense to add dozens of new man-made ones. [参考译文]尽管食品中已经含有了天然的致癌物质，但是，再人为地增加一些有毒物质也是很不应该的。
6. By studying mineral grains found in material ranging from rocks to clay articles，previous researchers have already been able to identify reversals dating back 170 million years，including the most recent switch 730，000 years ago. [参考译文]通过研究岩石，陶器等一系列材料中含有的矿物颗粒，先前的研究人员已能够确认早在1.7亿年发生的磁场两极转化现象，以及发生在73万年以前的最新一次两极转化现象。
7. Several theories link polarity flips to external disasters such as meteor impacts. [参考译文]有些理论将两极转化现象归因于诸如陨星撞击等外部因素。
8. They could not learn：they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. [参考译文]人们能够学习的原因是：人的经历能够带来奖励或惩罚。换言之，如果人的某一行为得到的是鼓励，他重复这种行为；如果亿的某一行为带给他的是惩罚，他会避免这种行为。为了获得鼓励，避免惩罚，人会努力去做他人认可的事情，从而不断进步。
9. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are“good”and others are“bad”，and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life-from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. [参考译文]与事物的情感经历使我们产生了一种社会认同感，即认为某些事情或行为是好的，其他的是坏的。我们还把“好”和“坏”的分类推而广之，运用于社会生活的方方面面，——从我们吃的，穿的，到如何守信以及与什么人为伍等。
10. The current crisis，it contends，does not derive from a legitimate desire to put learning to productive ends. [参考译文]报告坚持认为，当前高校面临的危机不是由将知识运用于生产这一指导思想导致的，这一思想是完全正确的。
11. Yet for all the talk of a forthcoming technological utopia little attention has been given to the implications of these developments for the poor. [参考译文]然而，尽管人们正在大谈特谈即将到来的令人神往的科技王国，却很少有人意识到这些技术发展中国家意味着什么。
12. The electronic economy made possible by information technology allows the haves to increase their control on global market，—with destructive impact on the have-nots. [参考译文]信息技术使电子经济成为可能，而电子经济将进一步加强富国对全球市场的控制，从而给穷国家带来毁灭性的影响。
13. Home schoolers habor few kind words for public schools，charging shortcomings that range from lack of religious perspective in the curriculum to a herdlike approach to teaching children. [参考译文]家庭教育的倡导对学校教育鲜有褒奖，他们指责学校教育的种种弊端，从课和表上没有宗教课到放牧的教育方法，不一而足。
14. Finally，advertisers try to begin commercials with sounds that are highly different from those of programming within which the commercial is buried. [参考译文]最后，广告人员还运用各种方法使广告节目的声音不同于其他节目的声音。
15. The act，designed to protect species‘living areas，and policies that preserve land and forests compete with economic interests. [参考译文]这一旨在保护动物生活场所的法案以及一些保护土地及森林的政策却与经济利益相抵触。
16. Once again，the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties while acting just the contrary. [参考译文]你会说以貌取人不是美国人的做法，这不公平，令人难以置信然而，科学家们又一次证明我们言行不一。
17. Not content with its doubtful claim to produce cheap food for our own population，the factory farming industry also argues that“hungry nations are benefiting from advances made by the poultry industry.”
[参考译文]工厂养殖业已不满足于我国人口提供廉价食物的可疑说法，进一步提出了“让贫困国家从家禽养殖业的发展中受益”的论调。
18. then came the weakening of the U.S. dollar against major currencies. [参考译文]其次，美元对世界其他主要货币的比价下跌。
19. Bottom retail prices—anywhere from 30% to 70% lower than those in Europe and Asia—have attracted some 47 million visitors，who are expected to leave behind $79 billion in 1994. [参考译文]比欧洲和亚洲低30%~70%的零售价价格吸引了约四千七百万的游客于1994年涌入美国，而这些游客为美国留下了79亿美元的收入。
20. It is said that the public and Congressional concern about deceptive（欺骗性的）packaging rumpus（喧嚣）started because Senator Hart discovered that the boxes of cereals consumed by him，Mrs. Hart，and their children were becoming higher and narrower，with a decline of net weight from 12 to 10 1/2 ounces，without any reduction in price. [参考译文]参议员哈特一家在购买合装麦片时发现，包装盒变高了，变窄了，食品的分量也减少了，然而价格却分文未降。据说，由此在公众和议会中引发了一场关于欺骗性商品包装的轩然大波。
21. The producers of packaged products argue strongly against changing sizes of packages to contain even weights and volumes，but no one in the trade comments unfavorably on the huge costs incurred by endless changes of package sizes，materials，shape，art work，and net weights that are used for improving a product‘s market position. [参考译文]生产包装产品的商家极力反对在改变了包装上原有分量的商品，但他们却丝毫不反对为了扩大产品的市场优势，用于不断改变包装的大小、用料、形状、制作工艺以及商品的净重的大笔花费。
22. If the bottom half can‘t effectively staff the processes that have to be operated，the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear. [参考译文]如果生产工人不能有效地完成有关的生产过程，那么，与这些过程相关的管理和专业职位亦将不复存在。
23. The biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to the subject.全句的字面意思是：传记作家不得不在与传主所处的摇摆不定位置之间跳来跳致病去。
隐含之义为：传记作家必须与传主保持适当距离，并要时常调整与传主间的距离。
24. In book promotions，the“unauthorized”characterization usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress. [参考译文]推销书时，未经授权的传记往往意味着读者有可能从中读到传主不希望公之于众的，绘声绘色的内幕故事。
25. In Japan，however，where babies are carried on their mother‘s back，infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. [参考译文]然而，在日本，由婴儿从小背在母亲背上，他们对眼睛的依恋就不如生长在其他文化环境中的孩子那样深。
26. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintainance of conversational flow becomes evident when tow speakers are wearing dark glasses…
[参考译文]当谈话双方戴着墨镜时，双方的目光接触在保持交谈顺利进行方面的重要性就不言而喻了。
27. Unlike other lawbreakers，who must leave the country，commit suicide，or go to jail，computer criminals sometimes escape punishment，demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. [参考译文]其他的违法者或者逃亡国外，或者自杀，或者进监狱，计算机犯罪分子却不同，他们可以逃避惩罚，并且要挟不要指控他们，甚至还要求为他们出具有利的推荐信或者为他们提供其他好处，他们的要求往往能够得到满足。
28. The possibility of increases in the cost of uranium（铀）in addition to the cost of greater safety provisions could price nuclear power out of the market. [参考译文]用于采取进一步的安全措施的费用加上铀价的上涨会使核能因价格过高而失去市场。
29. Having weighed up the arguments on both sides，it seems there are good economic and ecological reasons for sources of energy other than unclear power. [参考译文]权衡核能赞成者和反对者的论据之后，从经济和生态两方面考虑，似乎有充分的理由认为应选用其他能源。
30. Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are，who they are not，and who they would like to be. [参考译文]人们的穿着能够暗示他们是什么样的人，不是什么样的人，或可能会是什么样的人，因此，在我们判断一个人时起着关键作用。
31. Coleman concludes that excellent job performance is so common these days that while doing your work well may win you pay increases，it won‘t secure you the big promotion. [参考译文]科尔曼得出的结论如下：如今出色的工作表现十分普遍，虽说工作出色你可以加薪，但你未必能够高升。
32. Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think they‘ve gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down（使…不突出）their visibility. [参考译文]大多数女职员和黑人职员害怕人家说自己是因为性别或种族才得到提拔的，因此，他们尽量不去抛头露面。
33. The Oxford dictionary can therefore stand more vigorous scrutiny for cultural bias than the Longman dictionary because the latter does not hesitate about viewing the rest of the world from the cultural perspectives of the English-speaking world. [参考译文]因此，《牛津词典》比《朗读曼词典》更经得起文化偏见的严格审视，因为后者总是说英语国家的视角来评判其他国家的文化现象。
34. In reality，though the BBC dictionary will be purchased by a far wider range of language learners，as will the other two dictionaries. [参考译文]实际上，BBC词典将拥有比另外两本词典更广的读者群。
35. And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple mindedness as he sees it-of citizens，social workers，doctors，law-makers，and judges，who，instead of eliminating crime punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform. [参考译文]由于警察认为人们（市民，社会工作者，医生，立法人员以及法官）头脑简单—比如，法官不是重罚以消除犯罪而是量刑从轻以期促使罪犯改过自新—因此，他们与社会之间的隔阂更深一层。
36. A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. [参考译文]予和机器人既是物理体，同样也是文化现象。
37. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation，but，custom，we have a way of thinking，is behavior at its most commonplace. [参考译文]对于人脑的内部活动，我们认为特别值得研究。但对于传统风俗，我们却觉得那不过是最最平常的行为而已。
38. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom，is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the language of his family. [参考译文]约翰·杜威曾经十分认真地说过，风俗习惯对个人的行为的影响与个人对传统习惯的影响之比，正如一个人母语的词汇总量与他儿时从家庭用语中学会的儿童用语之比。
39. The most vivid body of“things”in it，of course，are musical instruments. [参考译文]当然，音乐文化的最生动的物质载体是乐器。
40. Through the study of instruments，as well as painting，written documents，and so on，we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago，or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra. [参考译文]通过对图片、文字记载以及乐器等的研究，我们可以了解一千多年以前近东音乐传入中国的情况，也可以勒出近东音乐的影响波及欧洲并导致交响乐的大部分乐器发展和演变的大致轮廓。
41. Conflict，defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another，is distinguished from competition，defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply. [参考译文]战争冲突与竞争不同，前者可以定义为社会实体之间彼此对立的抗争，后者可定义为各个实体在单独获取供应不足的物资时所产生的对抗。
42. Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species，only the fittest survive. [参考译文]许多作家根据动物世界为生存而进行的斗争中具有适者生存的规律这一点，论证战争是不可避免的。
43. As Dr. Samuel Johnson said in different ear about ladies preaching，the surprising thing about computers is not that they think less well than a man，but that they think at all. [参考译文]正如在不同时代，塞缪尔·约翰逊博士所谈论的女士布道一样，计算机的惊人之处不是它们的思考能力不如人类，而是它们居然会思考。
44. Finally，the line between the original and the copy becomes unclear. [参考译文]最后，人类和计算机之间的界线将变得模糊起来。
45. Having evolved when the pace of life was slower，the human brain has an inherent defect that prevents it from absorbing several streams of information simultaneously and acting on them quickly. [参考译文]由于在其进化期间，人类的生活节奏较为缓慢，人脑形成了固有的缺陷，不能同时接收来自多个渠道的信息并迅速进行处理。
47. In an ideal world，there would be some ways of controlling quality such as that the VCR must be redesigned repeatedly until，say. 90 per cent of the time. [参考译文]理想的社会里，一定会有办法来监控产品的质量。例如，对录像机，可以通过反复设计，最终达到，比方说，使90%的用户在90%的情况下能正确使用其90%的功能。
47. We have only to look behind us to get some sense of what may lie ahead. [参考译文]要想知道未来会是什么样子，我们就要回顾过去。或者：回顾过去，我们可以据此展望未来。
48. No one looking ahead 20 years possibly could have foreseen the ways in which a single invention，the chip，would transform our world thanks to its applications in personal computers，digital communications and factory robots. [参考译文]如果20年前的人们预想现在的情况，恐怕谁也无法预见到仅集成电路块一项发明，一旦将其运用于个人电脑、数字通信和工厂机器人身上，会给世界带来怎样的变化。
49. Interestingly，though，the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of attractive overnight successes. [参考译文]然而，有趣的是，如果长相平平的女士和漂亮的女士都有突然获得成功，人们会认为长相平平的女士的人际关系比漂亮女士好，而她们的能力却不如漂亮女士。
50. Most of these books，as well as several chapters，mainly in，but not limited to，journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts，stress the“how to”aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview，its context，and implications. [参考译文]大多数的这类书和一些章节强调如何进行采访，而不是研究采访的概念性问题，比如采访的概念性问题，比如采访的背景以及含义。这些章节主要见于，但也不限于，报章杂志、广播手册以及新闻报道的书籍中。
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