Question

过去完成时过去完成时的基本概念和形式

Answer 1

过去完成时 (past perfect tense) 表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。简言之，过去完成时所表示的时间就是 " 过去的过去 " 。过去完成时由助动词 had + 过去分词构成。

过去完成时的用法

1) 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前业已完成的动作。这个过去的时间可以用 by ， before 等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示。如：

By the end of last week we had learned ten lessons. 到上周末为止，我们已经学了十课书。

He had learned some English before he came to the institute. 他来学院之前学过一些英语。

I didn't go to the film because I had seen it twice. 我没去看电影，因为这片子我已看过两次了。

When I had gone over my lessons I took a rest. 我复习完功课之后，休息了一会儿。

I gave my little sister the flowers that I had bought for her. 我把给妹妹买的花送给她。

In the exhibition he saw many oil paintings that he had never seen before. 他在展览厅里见到许多过去从未见过的油画。

2) 过去完成时可以表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作，常和 for( 有时可以省去 ) 或 since 构成的短语或 since 引导的从句连用。如：

It rained yesterday after it had been dry for many months. 在天旱了好几个月之后，昨天下雨了。

By the I read his new book ， I had known him for a long time. 到我读他的新书时，我早就知道他了。

He said that great Changes had taken place in his hometown since ， 1980. 他说 7980 年以来他的家乡大变样了。

[ 注 ] 当一个由 when ， before ， after ， as soon as 等连词引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作紧接时，两个动作均可用 " 一般过去时 " 来表示。如：

We had breakfast after we did morning exercises. 做完早操后，我们吃早饭。

When I finished supper ， I took a walk. 我晚饭后就去散步。

The train started to move just before he reached the platform. 他到月台时火车刚开走。

They started ploughing as soon as they got to the fields. 他们一到地里就开始耕地。