高一英语必修三知识点总结：Unit4
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Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars
1. be fundamental to… 对……是基本的，必需的This is fundamental to a true understanding of the book. 这对真正理解这本书十分重要。
2. in sb’s presence 当着某人的面，有某人在场
She asked them not to discuss the matter in her presence. 她要求他们不要当着她的面讨论这个问题。
3. be harmful to… 对……有害的
= do harm to…The air here is harmful to our health. 这里的空气对我们有害。
4. There is no harm in doing sth. 不妨做某事
= It does no harm to do sth.
He may not be able to help but there’s no harm in asking him. 他可能帮不了忙，但是求他一下倒也无妨。
5. exist on… 靠……生存
= live on…They exist on very little food. 他们靠极少的食物生存。
6. exist in… 存在于……中
Several people believe the Devil exists in the world. 少数人认为世界上存在恶魔。
7. in a puzzle 不知如何是好，很迷惑
I am in a puzzle about what he said. 我对他说的话迷惑不解。
8. in time
1)迟早;最后 = sooner or later; eventually
2)及时;不迟 = not late
You’ll learn how to do it in time. 你早晚能学会做这件事的。
Will I be in time for the train? 我赶得上那趟火车吗?
9. give birth to… 生出，产出
She gave birth to a second child in January. 一月份的时候她生了第二个孩子。
The Chinese nation has given birth to many national heroes and revolutionary leaders. 中华民族养育了很多民族英雄和革命领袖。
10. in one’s turn 轮到某人也(做某事)，也They, in their turn, made a proposal. 他们接着也提了一个建议。
11. by turns 轮流，交替
The two brothers looked after their sick mother by turns. 兄弟俩轮流照看他们生病的母亲。
12. in turn 依次
Each man in turn stood up and spoke. 每个人依次站起来发言。
13. It is one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
It’s your turn to wash the dishes. 今天轮到你洗盘子了。
14. prevent sb./ sth. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
= stop sb./ sth. (from) doing sth.
= keep sb./ sth. From doing sth.The heavy rain prevented us going on, but we didn’t lose heart. 大雨阻止我们前进，但是我们不灰心失望。
15. escape from… 从……逃出
Who helped him escape from the prison?是谁帮他逃出监狱的?
16. block out
1)挡住(光线或声音)
2)忘掉，抹去(不愉快的事)
Black clouds blocked out the sun. 乌云遮住了太阳。
Over the years she had tried to block out that part of her life. 多年来她努力想把生命中的那一段经历从记忆中抹去。
17. block off (用障碍物)隔开，封锁
Police blocked off the street after the explosion. 在发生爆炸之后，警方用路障封锁了那条路。
18. block up 塞住，封住(孔，洞)
My nose is blocked up because of a heavy cold. 因患重感冒，我的鼻子堵了。
19. crash (sth.) into sth. (把某物)撞到某物上He crashed his car into a wall. 他的汽车撞到了墙上。
20. pull in
1)(火车等)进站
2)吸引(观众、支持这等)
The train pulled in right on time. 这列火车正点到站。
The new show is certainly pulling in the crowds. 新的表演一定很吸引人。
21. pull out
1)拔出，取出(+of…)
2)(火车等)驶离(车站)
He pulled out a gun. 他掏出一支枪
I arrived as the last train was pulling out. 我到达时，末班列车刚刚开出。
22. pull down 拆毁
The cinema she used to visit had been pulled down. 她常去的那家电*已经拆除了。
23. pull up (使车辆)停下
The driver pulled up at the traffic lights. 司机在红绿灯前把车停住。
24. pull through 恢复知觉或康复
She was so ill that it seemed unlikely that she would pull through. 她病得很厉害，看来不大可能康复了。
25. the mass of 大多数的(人)
The mass of workers do not want this strike. 大多数工人不愿举行这次罢工。
26. be a mass of sth. 充满;布满
The garden was a mass of colour. 花园里的景色五彩缤纷。
His face was a mass of bruises after the fight. 他打完架后脸上青一块紫一块的。
27. in the mass 总体上;总的来说
She says she doesn’t like children in the mass. 她说从总体上讲她不喜欢孩子。
28. cheer up 感到振奋;(使)高兴起来
The fans cheered up when they saw their favorite star. 看见自己喜欢的明星，“粉丝”们兴奋起来了。
Tom bought his girlfriend a large diamond ring to cheer her up. 为了哄女友高兴，汤姆给她买了一棵大钻戒。
29. cheer sb. on 为某人加油;鼓励
The crowd cheered the runners on as they started the last lap. 赛跑进入最后一圈时，观众为运动员加油鼓劲。
30. now that… 既然……
= since…Now that everyone is here, let’s discuss the problem. 既然大家都到了，让我们开会吧。
31. get the hang of (doing) sth. (口语)掌握(做)某事的窍门、要点
Have you got the hang of driving a car? 你掌握开车的窍门的了吗?
I don’t quite get the hang of his speech. 我不十分了解他讲话的要点。
32. break out (火灾、战争等)爆发
World War II broke out in 1939. 第二次世界大战是1939年爆发的。
33. come about 发生
(是不及物动词短语，无被动语态)How did it come about that you got lost? 你怎么会迷路了呢?
34. watch out (for…) 当心，提防
You’ll be cheated if you don’t watch out. 如果你不当心，就会上当受骗。
Watch out for cars when you cross the road. 过马路时要当心车辆。
35. 倍数的表达方法：
1)A is + 倍数 + as + adj./ adv. + as B
“A 是B的……倍”
2)A is + 倍数 + 比较级 + than B
“A比B……倍”
3)A is + 倍数 + the size (height, length, width等) + of B
“A 是B的……倍”
The population of China is about six times as large as that of the United States. 中国的人口大约是美国的6倍。
The jet fighter flies three times as fast as sound. 这架喷气式战斗机的飞行速度是音速的3倍。
This room is three times larger than that one. 这个房间比那个房间大3倍。
This room is three times the size of that one. 这个房间是那个房间的3倍大。
Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars
1. be fundamental to… 对……是基本的，必需的This is fundamental to a true understanding of the book. 这对真正理解这本书十分重要。
2. in sb’s presence 当着某人的面，有某人在场
She asked them not to discuss the matter in her presence. 她要求他们不要当着她的面讨论这个问题。
3. be harmful to… 对……有害的
= do harm to…The air here is harmful to our health. 这里的空气对我们有害。
4. There is no harm in doing sth. 不妨做某事
= It does no harm to do sth.
He may not be able to help but there’s no harm in asking him. 他可能帮不了忙，但是求他一下倒也无妨。
5. exist on… 靠……生存
= live on…They exist on very little food. 他们靠极少的食物生存。
6. exist in… 存在于……中
Several people believe the Devil exists in the world. 少数人认为世界上存在恶魔。
7. in a puzzle 不知如何是好，很迷惑
I am in a puzzle about what he said. 我对他说的话迷惑不解。
8. in time
1)迟早;最后 = sooner or later; eventually
2)及时;不迟 = not late
You’ll learn how to do it in time. 你早晚能学会做这件事的。
Will I be in time for the train? 我赶得上那趟火车吗?
9. give birth to… 生出，产出
She gave birth to a second child in January. 一月份的时候她生了第二个孩子。
The Chinese nation has given birth to many national heroes and revolutionary leaders. 中华民族养育了很多民族英雄和革命领袖。
10. in one’s turn 轮到某人也(做某事)，也They, in their turn, made a proposal. 他们接着也提了一个建议。
11. by turns 轮流，交替
The two brothers looked after their sick mother by turns. 兄弟俩轮流照看他们生病的母亲。
12. in turn 依次
Each man in turn stood up and spoke. 每个人依次站起来发言。
13. It is one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
It’s your turn to wash the dishes. 今天轮到你洗盘子了。
14. prevent sb./ sth. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
= stop sb./ sth. (from) doing sth.
= keep sb./ sth. From doing sth.The heavy rain prevented us going on, but we didn’t lose heart. 大雨阻止我们前进，但是我们不灰心失望。
15. escape from… 从……逃出
Who helped him escape from the prison?是谁帮他逃出监狱的?
16. block out
1)挡住(光线或声音)
2)忘掉，抹去(不愉快的事)
Black clouds blocked out the sun. 乌云遮住了太阳。
Over the years she had tried to block out that part of her life. 多年来她努力想把生命中的那一段经历从记忆中抹去。
17. block off (用障碍物)隔开，封锁
Police blocked off the street after the explosion. 在发生爆炸之后，警方用路障封锁了那条路。
18. block up 塞住，封住(孔，洞)
My nose is blocked up because of a heavy cold. 因患重感冒，我的鼻子堵了。
19. crash (sth.) into sth. (把某物)撞到某物上He crashed his car into a wall. 他的汽车撞到了墙上。
20. pull in
1)(火车等)进站
2)吸引(观众、支持这等)
The train pulled in right on time. 这列火车正点到站。
The new show is certainly pulling in the crowds. 新的表演一定很吸引人。
21. pull out
1)拔出，取出(+of…)
2)(火车等)驶离(车站)
He pulled out a gun. 他掏出一支枪
I arrived as the last train was pulling out. 我到达时，末班列车刚刚开出。
22. pull down 拆毁
The cinema she used to visit had been pulled down. 她常去的那家电*已经拆除了。
23. pull up (使车辆)停下
The driver pulled up at the traffic lights. 司机在红绿灯前把车停住。
24. pull through 恢复知觉或康复
She was so ill that it seemed unlikely that she would pull through. 她病得很厉害，看来不大可能康复了。
25. the mass of 大多数的(人)
The mass of workers do not want this strike. 大多数工人不愿举行这次罢工。
26. be a mass of sth. 充满;布满
The garden was a mass of colour. 花园里的景色五彩缤纷。
His face was a mass of bruises after the fight. 他打完架后脸上青一块紫一块的。
27. in the mass 总体上;总的来说
She says she doesn’t like children in the mass. 她说从总体上讲她不喜欢孩子。
28. cheer up 感到振奋;(使)高兴起来
The fans cheered up when they saw their favorite star. 看见自己喜欢的明星，“粉丝”们兴奋起来了。
Tom bought his girlfriend a large diamond ring to cheer her up. 为了哄女友高兴，汤姆给她买了一棵大钻戒。
29. cheer sb. on 为某人加油;鼓励
The crowd cheered the runners on as they started the last lap. 赛跑进入最后一圈时，观众为运动员加油鼓劲。
30. now that… 既然……
= since…Now that everyone is here, let’s discuss the problem. 既然大家都到了，让我们开会吧。
31. get the hang of (doing) sth. (口语)掌握(做)某事的窍门、要点
Have you got the hang of driving a car? 你掌握开车的窍门的了吗?
I don’t quite get the hang of his speech. 我不十分了解他讲话的要点。
32. break out (火灾、战争等)爆发
World War II broke out in 1939. 第二次世界大战是1939年爆发的。
33. come about 发生
(是不及物动词短语，无被动语态)How did it come about that you got lost? 你怎么会迷路了呢?
34. watch out (for…) 当心，提防
You’ll be cheated if you don’t watch out. 如果你不当心，就会上当受骗。
Watch out for cars when you cross the road. 过马路时要当心车辆。
35. 倍数的表达方法：
1)A is + 倍数 + as + adj./ adv. + as B
“A 是B的……倍”
2)A is + 倍数 + 比较级 + than B
“A比B……倍”
3)A is + 倍数 + the size (height, length, width等) + of B
“A 是B的……倍”
The population of China is about six times as large as that of the United States. 中国的人口大约是美国的6倍。
The jet fighter flies three times as fast as sound. 这架喷气式战斗机的飞行速度是音速的3倍。
This room is three times larger than that one. 这个房间比那个房间大3倍。
This room is three times the size of that one. 这个房间是那个房间的3倍大。
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