宾语从句概念:在句子中起宾语作用的从句被称为宾语从句。宾语从句可分为三类,动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
1、动词后的宾语从句只要有三种情况,一是动词后面直接带宾语从句;二是有些“动词+副词”结构后可以带宾语从句;三是动词短语后可带宾语从句。
例句:I hope you can join us in the game.我希望你能和我们一起参加这场比赛。(动词后面直接带宾语从句)
Can you figure out what the poet really means in the poem?你能理解诗人在这首诗中的真正用意吗?(动词+副词结构后加宾语从句)
Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交试卷前确保没有错误。(动词短语后加宾语从句)
2、介词后的宾语从句
例句:She is always thinking of how she can do more for others.她总想着如何才能为别人做的更多。
3、形容词后的宾语从句
例句:I am sure that they will make it in spite of the terrible weather.我确信尽管天气恶劣,他们也会取得成功。
扩展资料:
宾语从句的引导词包括that、if/weather、wh-类连接词。其中that引导宾语从句时无词义,在从句中不做任何成分,口语中一般可以省略;if/weather引导宾语从句时,在句子不做任何成分,但是有具体含义,意为是否,不可省略;wh-类连接词包括连接代词(who、whom、what、which、whoever、whichever等)和连接副词(when、where、why、how、whenever、wherever、however等)。
我是一名英语过了大学六级的学生,对于宾语从句,下面的讲解,你参考一下
想知道什么是宾语从句,我们需要清楚明白什么是“主谓宾”。
1.先来看看什么是“主语”
如中文:我喜欢
主语是“我”。
.
2.谓语又是什么东西?
这里的谓语是“喜欢”。
谓语表明“主语”要干什么,上面主语是“我”,我要干什么呢?我喜欢,所以说“喜欢”是谓语,在英语的世界里,谓语也叫动词,两种叫法。
.
.
3.宾语是动词的执行对象。
那“喜欢”什么呢?
.
.
喜欢它,喜欢你,喜欢英语。
上面“它,你,英语”,就是动词“喜欢”的执行对象,这个就是宾语。
.
.
4.回到英文:
I like it . 我喜欢它
I like you. 我喜欢你
I like English. 我喜欢英语
I like是主语+谓语,那么"it , you ,English"就是宾语了,非常简单。
.
.
重点来了,现在我们知道
比如
I know you 我知道你
(是主谓宾结构)
什么叫从句?我把宾语变成一个句子叫做什么从句?宾语从句。
看到上面这个句子了吧?主谓宾。 宾语从句是什么?宾语从句就是把宾语位置的单词变成句子,就叫做宾语从句
那么很多人说,这个“that”是干什么的?这个“that” 什么意义都没有。
英文用“that”告诉你:从句开始啦!!多好啊!!它提醒你从句开始啦!!
如
I believe that you are rich
I say that you are rich
I trust that you are rich
简单不,还用学吗?理解这个,其它的主语从句,表达从句,状语从句等等,都已经理解了,就是一句讲完,把相应位置的单词,变成句子,就是从句了。
或者有些人会疑问,为什么好好的单词需要变成句子呢?表达不够详细啊。
.
如
我知道你。
我知道你有钱。
.
下面这个是不是更详细一点?这个“你”是一个单词,而“你有钱”是一个句子。
所以语言这个东西,别人是不可能无端端创作出来的,肯定是有用途才会有相应的规律诞生,只要我们掌握这些规律,才会变成学习轻松。
英语只有3句:点我学习
.
我是年华,希望你喜欢了,谢谢!
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.
时态:1·主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时。
2·主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态。
3·主句用过去时,从句是真理时,只用一般现在时。
1.宾语从句的连接词
从属连词
连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether.
that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.
He told that he would go to the college the next year
他告诉我他下一年上大学.
I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.
我不知道是否还会有公交车.
Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.
没人知道他是否会通过考试.
连接代词
连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.
连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.
Do you know who has won Red Alert game?
你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗?
I don’t know whom you should depend on.
我不知道你该依靠谁.
The book will show you what the best CEOs know.
这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.
Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?
你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?
连接副词
连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.
He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.
他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.
Could you please tell me how you read the new panel?
你能展示给我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.
2.动词的宾语从句
大多数动词都可以带宾语从句
We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.
我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.
He told us that they would help us though the whole work.
他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的.
部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句
I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.
我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.
Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?
你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?
动词短语也可以带宾语从句
常见的这些词有:
make sure确保 make up one’s mind下决心 keep in mind牢记
Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.
在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.
可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .
我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.
我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.
我每天写日记成了习惯.
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater.
我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.
②有些动词带宾语从句时寻要在宾语与从句前加it
这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.
I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.
我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.
He will have it that our plan is really practical.
他会认为我们的计划确实可行.
We take it that you will agree with us.
我们认为你会同意我们的.
When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.
开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.
③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替
We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.
我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.
We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.
我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.
3.介词的宾语从句
用wh-类的介词宾语从句
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.
The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.
这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升如太空的.
用that,if引导的介词宾语从句
有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.
对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.
4.形容词的宾语从句
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
I am sure I will pass the exam.
我确信我会通过考试.
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.
很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.
He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.
他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.
5.if,whether在宾语从句中的区别
①if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if
②少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.
③whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.
④在不定式前只能用whether.
如: I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。
⑤避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.
6.哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that
当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;
当宾语从句较长时;
当主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时;
当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时;
当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略;
当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时;
当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时;
当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时;
当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时;
当宾语从句有it做其先行词时;
在直接引语中,转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.
7.宾语从句的否定转移
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.
我认为他不会来我的舞会.
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?
我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?
我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?
8.宾语从句的时态和语序
当主句为现在时或将来时的时候,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.
当主句为过去时的时候
①从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生
I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn’t know what country he was in.
我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书,可不知道是哪个国家.
He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.
他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读<老人与海>.
②从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前
He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.
他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉的了Mary.
③从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后
The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.
记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.
如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时候不根据主句的时态而变化
The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.
老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转.
当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首
Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?
你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手.
宾语从句,即:在主句中担当宾语的从句。学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:连接词、语序和时态。
连接词一般都是that(指事务或人),which(指事),who(指人)
1.从句为陈述句,常选择连接词that或将that省略,直接与主句相连。
2.从句为一般疑问句,常选择连接词if或whether。在whether…ornot结构中不能用if替换。
3.从句为特殊疑问句,常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词。
注意:当who为主语时,句式为:who+谓语+其他三:判断时态情况:
1。主句是一般现在时,从句为各种时态情况
2。主句是一般过去时,从句为各种相应过去时态注意:从句描绘客观事实,用一般现在时
1. The teacher told the children that the sun____ round.
A. was B. is C. were D. are
2. I believe that our team____ the basketball match.
A. win B. won C. will win D. wins
3. I don’t know____ to visit the old man.
A. whether B. if C. that D. who
The soldiers soon reached( )was once an old temple( )the villagers used as a school.
A.which;where B.what;which C.where;which D.what;where
答:选B,动词reach后接宾语从句,从句缺少宾语,where不可,which引导宾语从句时表疑问含义“哪一个…”而此句中并非疑问含义,不知道哪一座庙宇,而是用what从句表陈述含义,意“过去的一座旧庙宇”;temple后为对其修饰的定语从句,用关系代词which代替,并在从句中作动词used的宾语,use sth. as…“把…用作…
whether + or not
宾语从句,在复合句中作宾语,位于及物动词后;
eg. Tell him which class you are in .
Do you know what he likes?
注:(1)主、从句时态一致:
主句谓语过去时,从句相应过去时;
He answered that he was listening to me.
主句谓语现在时,从句时态任所需;
eg. He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk.
They know (that) he is working hard.
具体过去永不变,真理格言现在时;
eg.He told me that he was born in 1980.
Father told me that practice makes perfect .
(2)否定前移,及完成反意问句;
在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时,应转移到主句上去,完成反意问句时,应与从句主、谓保持一致。(注: 否定前移的条件是,主句主语是第一人称)
eg. I don't think you are right ,are you ?
I don't believe they have finished their work yet,have they ?
(3)在表示建议 suggest , advise
要求demand 、desire、require、request、propose;
决定 decide;
命令 order、command;
坚决主张 insist;
等动词后跟宾语从句,用(should)+v.(虚拟语气)
eg. I suggested that you(should)study hard.
He ordered that we should go out at once.
(4)如果宾语从句后有宾语补语,用it作形式宾语,把宾语从句后置
eg.You may think it strange that he would live there.
(5)宾语从句that常可省略,但在以下情况下不能省略
A.当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,可以省略第一个that,其他不能省略。
eg.I believe(that)you have done your best and that things will get bet?鄄ter.
B.当it作形式宾语时
eg.She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him.
C.当宾语从句前置时
eg.That our team will win,I believe.
时态:
1.主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态。
2.主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态。
3.主句用过去时,从句是客观真理时,只用一般现在时。
一、宾语从句的连接词
从属连词
连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether.
that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.
He told me that he would go to the college the next year
他告诉我他明年上大学.
I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.
我不知道是否还会有公交车.
Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.
没人知道他是否会通过考试.
连接代词
连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.
连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.
Do you know who has won Red Alert game?
你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏?
The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.
这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.
Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?
你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?
连接副词
连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.
He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.
他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.
Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?
你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.
二、动词的宾语从句
大多数动词都可以带宾语从句
We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.
我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.
He told us that they would help us though the whole work.
他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的.
部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句
I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.
我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.
Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?
你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?
动词短语也可以带宾语从句
常见的这些词有:
make sure确保 make up one’s mind下决心 keep in mind牢记
Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.
在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.
可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .
我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.
我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.
我每天写日记成了习惯.
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater.
我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.
②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it
这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.
I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.
我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.
He will have it that our plan is really practical.
他会认为我们的计划确实可行.
We take it that you will agree with us.
我们认为你会同意我们的.
When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.
开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.
③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替
We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.
我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.
We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.
我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.
三、介词的宾语从句
用wh-类的介词宾语从句
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.
The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.
这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的.
用that,if引导的介词宾语从句
有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.
对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.
四、形容词的宾语从句
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
I am sure I will pass the exam.
我确信我会通过考试.
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.
很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.
He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.
他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.
五、if,whether在宾语从句中的区别
① if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if
② 少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.
③ whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.
④ 在不定式前只能用whether.
(如:I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。)
⑤ 避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.
六、哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that
当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;
当宾语从句较长时;
当主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时;
当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时;
当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略;
当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时;
当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时;
当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时;
当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时;
当宾语从句有it做其先行词时;
在直接引语中,转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.
七、宾语从句的否定转移
宾语从句的反意疑问句
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.
我认为他不会来我的舞会.
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?
我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?
我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?
八、宾语从句的时态和语序
当主句为现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.
当主句为过去时
①从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生
I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn’t know what country he was in.
我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书,可不知道是哪个国家.
He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.
他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读<<老人与海>>.
②从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前
He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.
他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉了Mary.
③从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后
The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.
记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.
如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化
The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.
老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转.
当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首
Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?
你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手.
首先我们来了解一下什么是宾语从句?
一、定义:在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句,前面的句子叫做主句。
有些同学又说了,考试卷中这么多道题,哪一道是考宾语从句呀?
问题问得好,我们先要学会在试卷中寻找出宾语从句考点。这也是在题海如云的考试中解决宾语从句的前提!
顾名思义,宾语从句在句子中所充当的成分是宾语,能接宾语的只有两种词性的词,哪两种?对,动词和介词。那么, 判读是否是考查宾语从句无外乎三种情况:
1、动词+宾语从句
如:My sister said_____________.
A. if she would go there
B. that she would go there
C. that she will go there
2、介词+宾语从句
如: Good marks depend on_______________.
A. that you have tried your best
B. if you have tried your best
C. whether you have tried your best
3、动词+人(间接宾语)+宾语从句(直接宾语)
英语中 有些动词是可以接两个宾语的,叫做双宾语,例如:give sb sth, show sb sth, tell sb sth, ask sb sth等等,前面的sb(某人)叫做间接宾语,sth(某事、某物)叫做直接宾语,如果直接宾语是个句子,也是宾语从句。
见上面2019哈尔滨市中考题
——Excuse me, could you tell me__________?
好,宾语从句找到了,接下来呢?
4、表示感情的形容词(happy、afraid、glad、 surprised、 excited、sad等等)+宾语从句
目前把此也归结到宾语从句考点中来,考的很少,在作文中学生常常用到此句型
I am happythat you will come here to see me.
小结:以上四种情况下均为考查宾语从句
二、我们要明确宾语从句考点到底要考什么,无非以下三点:
如何正确的表达宾语从句、否定转移、 同义句转换
如何正确的表达宾语从句,也是我们的高频考点,常常在单项选择中出现,偶尔会在完型填空中出现,这就是我们要说的三步!
第一步:确定正确的语序
宾语从句连接词为if/whether和疑问词时要求用陈述语序。
那么如何判断宾语从句是不是陈述词序呢?
陈述语序的宾语从句结构会有两种可能:
1)连接词+主语(人或物)+谓语(动词)+其他成分
以2019哈尔滨中考题为例
A. how can Iget to the radio station
B. how I canget to the radio station
how 是连接词,I 是主语,所有的动词(包括情态动词和助动词)都要在它的后面才叫陈述语序。答案A是陈述语序。
再来看一个例子:Can you tell me who (m) do we have to see?
who是连接词,we 是主语,do 是助动词,出现在了we的前面,如果我们不考虑是否该用do的问题,那么这种情况很明显就不是陈述语序。
do 是构成疑问问加入的助动词,在构成宾语从句时不应该再出现,正确的应该是:
Can you tell me who (m) we have to see?
2)连接词+谓语(动词)+其他成分
与第一条对比可知,连接词后无主语了,是因为“疑问词”做连接词并且做主语
如:
What is wrong?
What is the matter?
What's the trouble?
Which is the way to ...?
What is happening?
What is going on?
Who is on duty?
Who broke the window?
以上这些情况就是陈述语序,要牢牢记住。
如: Could you tell me which is the way to the shop? 不能说成Could you tell me which the way to the shop?
第二步:选择正确的时态
主句的时态由从句决定
遵循原则:主过从过,主现主将从任意
主过从过:这是高频考点,主句是一般过去时,从句用与过去相关的时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时)
如:
1、错误: I thought (that) you are right.
正确: I thought (that) you were right.
主句thought是一般过去时,从句不能用一般现在时
特例:1、从句是定理法则、客观事实真理时,时态不受主句限制,始终用一般现在时。
She told me there aresixty minutes in an hour.
2、 could、would 在主句中出现时表达的是委婉语气,按一般现在时处理,不要按照一般过去时处理
Couldyou tell me who is in the classroom now? 主现从任意
主现主将从任意:主句是一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时或一般将来时,在从句按逻辑关系该用什么时态就用什么时态,可不是想用什么就用什么哦
其中常考的是主句是一般现在时的情况。
第三步:结合语义,选好连接词
引导宾语从句的词叫连接词,也叫关联词。宾语从句有以下连接词:
1、连词 that:
1)无词义,不做宾语从句成分;
2)一般可以省略。
如:He knew (that) he should work hard.
I am glad (that) you’ve passed the exam.
以下情况that 不可以省略,简单了解一下,很少做为考点。
a. 宾语从句主语是that时;
He says that thatis useful book.
b. 含有主从复合句时;
I'm afraid thatif you've lost it, you must pay for it.
c. 有两个或更多个宾语从句时,除第一个that 可省外,其余都不可省。
He said (that) the film was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it very much.
2、连词if和whether
1)汉语意思:是否,不做宾语从句成分;
2)不可以省略。
如:Could you tell me whether/if he will ride here at 8 tomorrow morning?
He asked me if/whether Miss Gao was a teacher.
以下情况只能用whether:
1)介词之后
如:Good marks depend onwhether you have tried your best.
2)后面有or not
如:He asked me whether I would go there by bike or not.
3)后面是to do (单纯为二者区别,不在宾语从句考点中)
如:He didn't decide whether to go.
3、疑问词做连接词:共9个,8个wh+how
who whom whose which what why when where how
1)具有不同的汉语意思,做宾语从句成分;
2)不可以省略。
如:Can you tell me whom/whohe is waiting for?
注意相同词义的who和whom区别:
whom做宾语
who可做主语,也可以做宾语
其他根据汉语意思使用即可,不一一列举。
考试点拨:连接词的选择主要根据汉语意思,再注意相同汉语意思的whether和if、who和whom区别即可
小结:判断是否为正确的宾语从句其实就是七个字:语序、时态、连接词
讲了这么多,咱们就着哈尔滨市2019年中考试题看一下解题思路的三步
12. ——Excuse me, could you tell me __________?
——Certainly. Go along the street and you will find it on the right.
A. how can I get to the radio station
B. how I can get to the radio station
C. why I can get to the radio station
解题思路如下:
语序:A 排除,can 在 I 前面,不是陈述语序
时态:三个答案中can是相同的,此项不用考虑
连接词:回答是指路,答案C排除
得到正确答案B
你明白了吗?
下面说一下两转:那么除了以上考点以外,中考中宾语从句还会以什么形式对大家进行考查呢?
这就是“两转”——否定转移以及同义句转换。
大家思考一下这句话用宾语从句如何去表达:我认为明天他不会去那。
可能有的学生根据汉语习惯马上就说出来了:I think hewon't go there tomorrow.
对不起,这种方法是不正确的。为什么呢?
一、 当主句的谓语是think, believe, suppose, imagine、guess、consider、expect等时,否定不用在从句中,要转移到主句中,这种现象叫做否定转移,或否定前移或否定前置。但是还需要满足两个条件:
1、主句的主语是第一人称;
2、主句为一般现在时。
那么“我认为明天他不会去那”的正确说法就是:I don't think he will go there tomorrow.
再举几个例子,大家再体会一下。
我相信你不会抄他的作业的。
I don't believe you copied his homework.
我期盼他没有考试不及格。
I don't expect that he failed in the exam.
不转移的情况也存在,相对比较复杂,哈尔滨市中考考点中没有涉及到,此处暂不赘述。
这就是第一个转:否定转移。下面我们来看第二个"转”:
二、同义句转换:
哈尔滨市中考中任务性阅读题型中有2分的同义句转换,宾语从句可以在此题中进行考查。
大家看这两个句子:
1、Ihope that I can spend the summer vacation with you.
2、I hope that shecan spend the summer vacation with you.
有没有别的说法呢?
聪明的你们一定能发现,第一句可以说成:
I hope to spend the summer vacation with you.
那第二句呢?是否也可以象如上那样说呢?那两句话的汉语意思就没有区分了,实际上却是不一样的。
所以第二句是不能变的。这就是我们要讲的转换的第一种情况 ,相信大家通过观察也总结出来了:
(一)、当宾语从句与主句的主语相同,主句谓语是hope, wish, agree, choose等后面可以+to do结构的动词时, 宾语从句可转化为“to do"。
再看个例子:She agreed that she would go there together.
She agreed ______ ________there together.
答案很明显了,to go
下面我们看第二种情况:
I don't know what I should do with this book.
I don't know ______ ______ do with this book.
聪明的你一定会举一反三,根据第一种情况得出答案了吧。
(二)、当宾语从句与主句主语相同,宾语从句的连接词为疑问词时,宾语从句可转化为“疑问词+不定式(to do)”
再来看个例子:
She remembered when she should finish her homework.
She rememberedwhen to finish her homework.
如果同义句转换不是以上两种情况,你就需要开动你的脑筋了,你的灵活性很重要。
如:I don't believe what the girl said.
I don't believe the _______ _______. (girl's words)
这种是没有什么规律性的知识点,就需要大家平时多积累哟!
这就是宾语从句的“两转”,三步加两转,宾语从句的全部知识就在里面了。细节决定成败,这句话在英语学习中简直是至理名言,细细地掌握好每个知识点,你就会是最棒的!