Question

英语 句型转换

Answer 1

2.a bit
3.as well
4.spent, on

III
1.much hotter, bigger
2.shake hands with
3.close to
4.bring, to

Answer 2

Ⅰ.题型介绍
　　所谓“句型转换”就是先给一个完整的句子A，再根据括号内的要求(有时没有明确，须自己观察)，在第二个句子B的空白处填上适当的词来完成的句型转换。
　　Ⅱ.题型分类
　　从形式上看，有如下几种形式：①某一词或词组的转换;②词组与句子的转换;③同义句型的转换;④为纠正常犯语言错误而设计的题目。
　　从内容上看，此题型涉及的面较广，主要有：①句子功能方面的转换。包括陈述句(肯定与否定)、四种题疑问句、祈使句、感叹句的转换;②句子结构方面的转换。即简单句、复合句、并列句之间的转换;③语态的转换。即主动语态与被动语态之间的转换;④常用句型与词汇手段的转换。
　　Ⅲ.具体分类如下
　　一、陈述句与疑问句、祈使句、感叹句间的转换
　　1、陈述句中肯定句变为否定句，大部分是用not来改变谓语结构，但也有借用否定意义的词，如nothing, nobody, none, neither, little, few, never, hardly等，例如：：
　　A：Tom does well in maths.
　　B：Tom doesn't do in maths.
　　A：He has much to do.
　　B：He has nothing to do.
　　A：All of my classmates like art.
　　B：None of my classmates likes art.
　　2、改为疑问句。根据上下句的结构和词的减少，来判断变为哪一种形式的疑问句。例如：
　　A：My brother often has breakfast at school.
　　B： Does your brother often have breakfast atschool?
　　A：Tom's already weak in English.
　　B：Tom's already weak in English, isn't he ?
　　A：The red light changes every two minutes.
　　B：How often does the red light change?
　　3、改为感叹句。根据所给的句子结构和单词的词性，来确定使用哪一种感叹句的形式，例如：
　　A：This is an interesting book.
　　B：What an interesting book this is!
　　或 How interesting this book is!
二、同义句转换。
　　根据上句，写出一个意思相同(或相近)的下句，此类形式繁多，内容复杂，涉及面广，归类如下：
　　1、同义词或词组之间的转换。(通常上下句时态保持一致)。
　　常见的同义词或词组有：(1)四个“花费”(spend-take-cost-take);(2)三个“到达”(get to-reach-arrive in/at);(3)四个“收到…来信”(hearfrom-get a letter from-receive a letter from-have a letter from);(4)两个“擅长于…”(be good at -do well in);(5)两个“有空”(befree-have time);(6)三个“入睡”(go to sleep-get to sleep-fallasleep);(7)两个“玩得开心”(enjoy oneself-have a good time);(8)“给…打电话”(call sb-telephone sb-ring sb. a call-make a telephone to sb.)(9)“飞往…”(fly to…-go to…byair/plane)(10)“自学”(teach oneself-learn…by oneself)(11)在…方面帮助help…with…-help… (to)do…(12)在…差be weak in…-dobadly in…(13)能/会…can-be able to(14)更喜欢…like…better than…-prefer…to…(15)充满了…be full of…-befilled with…(16)放弃干…give updoing…-stop doing…(17)不再… no longer-not …any longer(18)照顾/保管 take care of…-lookafter(19)展览 on show-on display(20)阻止…干…stop…from doing-keep/prevent…from doing…(21)由于thanks to-because of…(22)举手handsup-put up one's hands(23)最后，终于at last-in the end(24)与…不同 be different from…-be not the same as…(25)从…借入… borrow…from…-lend…to…(26)乘公汽/火车/的士 go to…by bus/train/taxi-take a bus /train/taxi to…(27)乘自行车去… go to…by bike-ride a bike to…(28)为…感到自豪 be proud of…-be the pride of…(29)步行去… walk to…-go to…onfoot (30)独自地by oneself -alone等。例如：
　　A：The children had a good time in the park.
　　B：The children enjoyed themselves in thepark.
　　2、同义句型之间的转化。常见的同义句型有①It seems that 从句→Somebody seems(to be)+adj/n ②It's kind ofsb. to do…→Somebody is kind to do… ③What does…mean?→Whatdo you mean by…? 或What's themeaning of…?④There is somethingwrong with…→Something is wrong with… ⑤not…until…与when/after/before引导的时间状语从句的转换⑥What's wrong with…?→What's the matter with…? ⑦How is…?→What's…like…?⑧How do youlike…?→What do you think of?⑧It's time that…→It's time for sb. to do…⑨It's said that…→People say that…⑩Can I help you? →What can I do for you?
　　例如：
　　A：I went to bed after I finished myhomework.
　　B：I didn't go to bed until I finished myhomework.
　　3、if引导的条件状语从句的转化。例如：
　　A：If it doesn't rain tomorrow, they'll go tothe park.
　　B：Unless it rains tomorrow, they'll go tothe park.
　　A：If you don't hurry, you'll be late.
　　B：Hurry up, or you'll be late.
　　A：Fish can't live if there is no water.
　　B：Fish can't live without water.
　　4、现在完成时态中的一句多译。在现在完成时态中，结束性动词不能与时间段连用，必须改成相应的延续性动词。常见的动词转换有：buy-have, borrow-keep, die-be dead, open-be open, join-be in+组织/be a +成员, begin-be on, leave-be away from,close-be closed, arrive in/ get to/ come/go to-be in/at, finsh-be over, go tosleep-be asleep，get up-be up.
　　例如：The old man died five months ago.
　　The old man has been dead since five months ago.
　　The old man has been dead for five months.
　　It's five months since the old man died.
　　Five months has passed since the old man died.
　　5、简单句与复合句之间的转换。
　　①含宾语从句的复合句与简单句的转换。例如：
　　A：I saw they were playing football on theplayground.
　　B：I saw them playing football on theplayground.
　　A：The teacher found that she was veryclever.
　　B：The teacher found her very clever.
　　A：He found that it was hard to learn Englishwell.
　　B：He found it hard to learn English well.
　　A：We are sure that we will win to firstmatch.
　　B：We are sure to win to first match.
　　由疑问代词/副词引导的宾语从句可转化为“疑问句+不定式”结构。例如：
　　A：Could you tell me how I can get to therailway station?
　　B：Could you tell me how to get to therailway station?
　　A：We don't know what we should do next.
　　B：We don't know what to do next.
　　②由when/after/before/while/since/until引导的时间状语从句可转化为when/after/before/while/sine/until + doing…
　　例如：
　　A：They went home after they finished theirwork.
　　B：The went home after finishing their work.
　　A：Mr Smith has taught English since he cameto China.
　　B：Mr Smith has taught English since comingto China.
　　When sb. +be+数词+years old→at the age of+岁数
　　A：When he was twelve years old, Edisonstarted writing his own newspaper.
　　B：At the age of twelve, Edison startedwriting his own newspaper.
　　③由so…that…引导的结果状语从句可转化为too…to do或…enough todo……例如：
　　A：The box is so heavy that I can't carry it.
　　B：The box is too heavy for me to carry.
　　或：The box isn't light enough for me to carry.
　　A：The child is so old that he can go toschool.
　　B：The child is old enough to go to school.
　　④由so that 引导的目的状语从句可转化为in order to do例如：
　　A：My father got up early this morning sothat he could catch the early bus.
　　B：My father got up early this morning inorder to catch the early bus.
　　⑤由because 引导的原因状语从句可转化为because of…例如：
　　A：We didn't go to the park because itrained.
　　B：We didn't go to the park because of therain.
　　⑥定语从句可以转化为介词短语或分词短语。例如：
　　A：The man who is on the bike is Jim.
　　B：The man on the bike is Jim.
　　A：The man who is driving the red car is myboss.
　　B：The man driving the red car is my boss.
　　A：The girl who is called Mary is my sister.
　　B：The girl called Mary is my sister.
　　6、用并列连词neither…nor;either…or…;both…and…;not only…but also…连句。例如：
　　A：I haven't seen a TV play for long, andLily hasn't either.
　　B：Neither I nor Lily has seen a TV play forlong.
　　A：Tom is good at maths, and he is good atFrench, too.
　　B：Tom is good at both maths and French.
　　neither…nor…, either…or…和not only…butalso…连接两个主语时，谓语动词依靠近它的主语而定，即“就近原则”，但是both…and用来连接两个主语时，谓语复数。
　　7、主动语与被动语态的互变。
　　“主动”变“被动”实行“三变二不变”原则。“三变”即是主语，谓语和宾语的变化，“二不变”即时态不变，句式不变。例如：
　　A：They make watches in the town.
　　B：Watches are made by them in the town.
　　A：I can finish the work before eight.
　　B：The work can be finished(by me)beforeeight.
　　A：Do they grow rice in South China?
　　B：Is rice grown in South China?
　　注：使役性动词make或感观性动词see/watch/look at/hear/listento/feel在主动语态中所带省to的不定式宾补变为被动语态时，必须加上to.
　　A：I saw him take your umbrella.
　　B：He was seen to take your umbrella.
　　8、形容词、副词二级之间的转化，例如
　　A：Chinese is the most important subject ofall.
　　B：Chinese is more important than any othersubject.
　　A：This exercise is easier than the other two.
　　B：This exercise is the easiest of the three.
　Ⅵ.解题指导
　　要做好句型转换题，必须注意如下几点：
　　1、注重掌握教材中的基本句和同一句子英语的不同结构表达技巧。
　　2、弄清题意，明确题目考查点，了解题目所给句子与答句之间的关系。
　　3、注意从多角度，全方位考虑问题，突破难点，注意复查，看是否按要求完成了转换。