Question

拜托大神翻译一下

Rationality
The exercise of human reason, the ablity exhibited in deduction,induction, calculation and other less formal intellectual processes. Accordingto Plato’s tripartite analysis of the human soul, rationality contrasts withemotion (passion) and the appetitles. He held that persons must subject their emotionand appetitles to the rule of reason inorder to find truth and to have a happy and harmonious life. Aristotle putforward a function-based argument, claiming that reason is the peculiar functionwhich distinguishes human beings from other kinds of animals. Human virtuerests in the performance of this function. He ever suggested on the basis thatpure rational activity, that is contemplation, is the happiest life. Aristotlemade practical reason and moral virtue interdependent, but also acknowledgedthe possibility of the weakness of the will, that is knowing what is right butdoing the contrary. To be rational in this sense is opposed to being emotionalor acting according to appetite and intuition, which he described asirrational. Both rationalism and empiricism support the value of rationality.Their difference lies only the fact rationalism emphasises the role of thefaculty of reason, while empiricism places emphasis on observation and experiment.
Hume claimed that only deductive and mathematical reasoning isrationally sound and that induction is not rationally justified. This has givenrise to the long-standing dispute about the nature of inductive reasoning andthe problem of induction. Hume also denied that that reason plays a fundamentalrole in moral life and hence denied the existence of practical reason except asreasoning about means to obtain ends and passions to be within the scope ofrationality.
In another sense, to call something rational or reasonable meansthat it conforms to general rules, laws and acknowledged aims and also adheresto certain qualities of thinking such as consistency, coherence andcompleteness. Being rational in this sense means, for example, being appropriate,making sense or being understandable. This sense is concerned with the correctexercise of human reason, as opposed to its invalid exercise. Creative thoughtand activity that does not fall within the scope of formal systems can also beassessed for rationality.
“Rationality is a matter of seeking to do the very best we can(realistically) manage to do in the circumstances.” – Rescher, Rationality, 1988, p. 87.

Answer 1

理性
人类理性的锻炼,能力在演绎、归纳、计算和其他不那么正式的知识流程。根据柏拉图的人类灵魂的三方分析,理性与情感(激情)和appe标题。他认为,人必须受到他们的情感和appetitles理性的规则为了寻找真理和幸福、和谐的生活。亚里士多德提出一个基于函数的参数,称原因是特有的功能,人类有别于其他动物。人类的美德在于这个函数的性能。他曾经建议根据理论理性活动,并不是沉思,是最幸福的生活。亚里士多德实践理性和美德相互依存,但也承认的可能性的弱点,知道什么是正确的却相反。在这个意义上反对理性情感或代理根据食欲和直觉,他描述阿西尔理性。理性主义和经验主义的价值理性的支持。他们的区别在于事实理性主义强调教师的角色的原因,而经验论强调观察和实验的地方。
休谟宣称只有演绎推理和数学是理性的声音,感应不合理正当的。这导致长期争论的本质归纳推理和归纳问题。休谟也否认这个原因在道德生活中起着基础性作用,因此否认存在实际理由除了推理手段来获得和激情是在理性的范围内。
从另一个意义上说,打电话给一些理性或合理意味着它符合一般规则,法律也承认目标和坚持某些思维品质如一致性、连贯性和完整性。理性在这个意义上意味着,例如,适当,意义还是可以理解的。这个意义上的 批改作业关心人类理性,而不是其无效的运动。创造性思维和活动,不属于正式的系统范围也可以进行合理性评估。
“理性是一种试图做最好的我们可以在这种情况下(实际)管理。”——Rescher,合理性,1988年,p . 87。

Answer 2

理性
人类理性的运动能力，表现在演绎，归纳，计算和其他较不正式的知识过程。根据柏拉图的灵魂三方面分析，理性与情感（激情）和appetitles。他认为，人必须接受自己的情感appetitles原因，规则发现真理，有一个幸福和谐的生活。亚里士多德提出了一个基于功能的说法，称原因是特有的、区别于其他种类的动物的人。在该功能的表现人类virtuerests。他曾建议的基础上thatpure理性活动，是沉思，是最幸福的生活。aristotlemade实践理性和道德相互依存，但也承认对意志弱化的可能性，即知道什么是正确的butdoing相反。在这个意义上是理性的反对被emotionalor根据食欲和直觉行事，他所描述asirrational。理性主义和经验主义的支持价值理性。他们的区别仅在于事实的理性主义强调所有理性的作用，而经验主义强调观察和实验。
休姆声称，只有合理的声音演绎推理和归纳是不合理的理由和数学。这就出现了关于归纳归纳推理和问题的性质问题的争议由来已久。休姆也否认，原因是道德生活的基础性作用，因此否认实践理性的存在，除了asreasoning关于手段获取端和激情是范围内的合理性。
在另一种意义上，给一些合理或不合理的，符合一般规律，法律承认的目标并坚持思想如一致性的某些特质，连贯性。在这个意义上是理性的手段，例如，是适当的，或是可以理解的意义。这个意义上关注的是人类理性的correctexercise，相对于其无效的运动。创造性思维与活动不属于正式制度的范围也可以评估的合理性。
“理性”是一种追求做最好的我们可以（实际上）设法做的情况下。”–合理性，1，1988，87页。