Question

英语翻译中文

The problems of informal work and the crisis of social reproduction are not evenly spread across the city; these are highly spatialized phenomena that disproportionately impact residents living in certain neighborhoods. For the most part these neighborhoods house society’s most economically vulnerable residents: migrants, minorities, exoffenders,
welfare leavers, and others bearing various forms of labor market stigma. These neighborhoods are the locus of social reproduction for migrant workers. Situated in these neighborhoods are networks of support based around families, neighbors, government agencies, and community-based civil society groups. However, social reproduction is also stretched across national borders. Port-of-entry migrant neighborhoods in Chicago have been transformed by transnational flows of people, capital, goods, and ideas that place them strategically in the global economy. In particular, the flow of remittances from these neighborhoods back to family members and communities in the country of origin mean that social reproduction may be paid for in one country, while realized in another. The case study organizations are in three different neighborhoods across the city of Chicago. One organization, the Guadalupe Center,2 is located in the South Chicago community area, on the city’s far southeast side. South Chicago was once home to large numbers of blue collar workers employed in the steel industry and ancillary businesses. Since the 1980s, the area has undergone rapid deindustrialization as the steel mills closed and set in motion a downward spiral of economic decline resulting in a series of social problems . The housing stock has suffered from lack of investment. The local schools have high drop-out rates. Gangs seem to be an intractable problem. Overall, South Chicago suffers from the range of economic and social problems that stem from the loss of economic opportunity. In this environment of decline, the Guadalupe Center was started by a group of Mexican migrant women in the mid-1980s. These women were witness to the economic changes that were occurring and to the resulting social problems. Initially, the women became involved in the neighborhood through their church, the schools, and in other community-based organizations around issues of education, youth violence, and health concerns. Despite the presence of these organizations, the women found that they were the only ones trying to respond to the specific needs and concerns of newly arrived Mexican migrants.

Answer 1

在非正式的工作问题和社会再生产的危机并不均匀，在全市推广，这些都是高度空间化的影响尤甚的现象在某些街区居民的生活。在大多数情况下这些社区内部社会的经济最脆弱的居民：移民，少数民族，exoffenders，
福利毕业生，以及其他影响劳动力市场的各种形式的羞辱。这些社区是对农民工的社会再生产的轨迹。坐落在居民区周围这些家庭的支持网络，邻居，政府机构和社区为基础的民间社会团体。然而，社会再生产也是跨越国界的延伸。在芝加哥港口的入境移民社区已被改造的人，资本，商品的跨国流动和想法，在全球经济中的地方他们在战略上。特别是，从这些街区回流汇款在原籍国的家庭成员和社区意味着社会再生产的可支付在一个国家，而在另一个实现。案例研究组织在芝加哥三个城市的跨越不同的街区。一个组织，瓜达卢佩中心，2是位于南芝加哥地区的社区，在城市的东南面远。南芝加哥曾经是家中的钢铁工业和配套企业雇用大量蓝领工人。自20世纪80年代，该地区经历了快速的非工业化钢厂关闭，并开启了一个经济在一系列的社会问题造成的下降的恶性循环。住房存量饱受缺少投资。当地的学校有较高的辍学率。帮派似乎是一个棘手的问题。总体而言，南芝加哥患有经济和社会问题，从经济机会损失干范围。在这个衰落环境下，瓜达卢佩中心是由一开始对墨西哥移民妇女群体在80年代中期。这些妇女的见证，正在发生和由此产生的社会问题，经济的变化。最初，通过他们的教会妇女成为在附近参与，学校和其他社区组织围绕教育问题，青少年暴力，和健康的关注。尽管这些组织的存在，妇女发现，他们是想回应的具体需要和新来港的墨西哥移民问题唯一的问题。

Answer 2

对非正式工作的问题和社会复制品方面的危机不被过城市均匀铺开；这些高度是不成比例地冲击居住在确定邻近地区中的居民的 spatialized 现象。一般说来这些邻近地区为 society’s 最节约最容易受到损害居民提供住处：承受劳动力市场耻辱的各种各样形式的移居者,少数派,前触犯法纪者,接受福利救济的离去者和其他的。这些邻近地区为流动工人是社会复制品的地点。，在家庭,邻居,各政府部门和社区把放置在基座上文明社会组周围把支持放置在基座上的网络被在这些邻近地区中使位于。但是，社会复制品被越过边界国家也拉伸。在芝加哥中的进口港流动邻近地区已经被在战略上把他们放入全球性经济的在的人们,资本,货物和对的观念的超国界的流动改变。特别是，从这些邻近地区的回到家庭成员汇寄的流动和在国家中的起源的社区意味着那社会复制品可以被为在一个国家中付给，在另一个中意识到的同时。个案研究组织是在跨过芝加哥的城市的三和不同邻近地区中。组织,Guadalupe Center,2 被找到在 city’s 远在东南的方面上的南芝加哥社区区域中的。南芝加哥是一旦在家里向在钢铁工业和从属的生意中雇用做的许多的蓝领工人工人,就。从1980年代起，区域已经经受快捷解除工业化，当钢厂关闭和把运动嵌入一经济衰退的向下螺线结果是一系列的社会的问题时。住房股票已经因缺少在上的投资而受折磨。本地学校有从速度里面的高的下降。一伙在看来似乎是一难驾御的问题。总体说来，南芝加哥因源于经济上的机会的丢失的经济上的和社会的问题的范围而受折磨。Guadalupe Center 被一群第中间1980年代的墨西哥人流动妇女使开始这倾斜的环境。这些妇女是和向随之发生社会的问题正发生的经济上的从的改变成的证人。开始时，妇女变得在通过他们的教堂,学校和在其它社区把放置在基座上组织中的在发行教育,青春暴力和健康关注周围的邻近地区中复杂。尽管这些组织的存在，妇女发现那他们是唯一的试图以所特有需求和关注对作出反应的那些的新近到来墨西哥人移居者。

Answer 3