Question

宾语从句的用法

Answer 1

用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语，将这个句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语。现在从下列三个方面总结归纳如下：
一，引导词
A,由that
引导的陈述句性的宾语从句，在很多动词如say,
think,
wish
,
hope,
see,
believe,
agree,
expect,
hear
,
feel等动词后。连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略，但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好，特别是在笔语中。
例：I
told
him
that
he
was
wrong.
l在think,believe,
suppose,
expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think
等动词变为否定形式。
例：I
don’t
think
you
are
right.
(我认为你做的不对)
l在许多带有复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式宾语。
例：We
think
it
wrong
that
he
told
a
lie
to
everyone
(我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的)
B,由连词if、
whether
引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。Whether,if
在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if
可以替换。
例：I
don’t
know
if/whether
he
will
come
tomorrow.
The
teacher
asked
if/whether
we
had
finished
the
experiment
.
l在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导
例：Everything
depends
on
whether
we
have
enough
money。
l宾语从句中有or
not时不用if引导.
例：I
don’t
know
whether
the
movie
star
will
come
or
not.
l和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.
例：Whether
to
go
there
or
not
hasn’t
been
decided.
C,由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词who,whom,whose,
what,
which,和连接副词when,
where,
why,
how
等连接的宾语从句，它们在句中即有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。
例：Do
you
know
which
film
they
are
talking
about?
(which做定语)
I
don’t
know
where
he
lives.
(where
做地点状语)
二，宾语从句的语序，
宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序，既连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
例：I
believe
that
they
will
come
soon.
He
asked
me
whether
I
was
a
teacher.
They
wanted
to
know
what
they
can
do
for
us.
二，宾语从句的时态。
宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，
既：主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。
主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。
例:
1)She
says
that
she
is
a
student.
She
said
that
she
was
a
student.
2)She
says
that
she
will
fly
to
Japan
in
a
week.
She
said
that
she
would
fly
to
Japan
in
a
week.
3)She
says
that
she
has
finished
her
homework
already.
She
said
that
she
had
finished
her
homework
already.
4)She
says
that
she
can
sing
a
song
in
English.
She
said
that
she
could
sing
a
song
in
English.
l如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
例：The
teacher
said
that
the
earth
goes
round
the
sun.
He
told
me
that
Japan
is
an
island
country.
lCould
you
tell
me…是用来征询对方的意见，语气委婉，并不表示过去。
例：Could
you
tell
me
when
we
will
visit
the
Histury
Museum?
注意事项：
u由陈述句变成宾语从句时，要注意人称的变化。
例：She
said:
“I
have
been
to
England
before.”
She
said
that
she
had
been
to
England
before.
She
asked
me:
“Do
you
like
maths?”
She
asked
me
if
I
liked
maths.
u宾语从句与简单句的交换。
由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时，可以用“疑问词+不定式
”做宾语的简单句结构。
例：I
don’t
know
what
I
should
do
next.
I
con’t
know
what
to
do
next.
He
didn’t
know
where
he
would
live.
He
didn’t
know
where
to
live.