英语中用主动形式表示被动含义讲解
编者按:在一些场合,如果用被动语态形式显得很别扭,一般改用主动形式,这时多指“物品的功能”。下面我就来带你一起学习下用主动形式表示被动含义,希望对大家有帮助。
例如:
√The pen writes smoothly.
这支笔写得流利。
×The pen is written smoothly. (特别扭)
The pot cooks well.
这个罐子好煮东西。
The cloth washes well.
这皮布好洗衣。
还有一些主动形式表示被动意义的用法:
1.某些不及物动词的被动意义
When did the accident occur?
Ice-cream always goes well in hot weather.
2.一些表示“开始”,“结束”意义的动词
Class begins at eight.
The meeting ended up with warm applause.
3.一些表示“运转”意义的动词
The machine runs well.
His voice records well.
4.read,write,translted,drive等动词与表示行为方式的状语连用时
The book sells well.
My pen writes smoothly.
The play reads more earily then acts.
类似用法的动词:
act,cut,break,wash,wear,cook,lock,sell,tear,keep,feel,born,strike,last等。这些词既有及物动词的用法又有不及物动词的用法。若句子的主语是指人的名词或代词时,为及物动词;若句子的主语是指物的名词或代词时,为不及物动词。即:
主语(人)+V(t)+宾语
主语(物)+V(i)+副词 在此句型中,用来表示主语(物)的特征。但:这些动词若与情态动词(多半为否定式)连用时则表示被动意义。
His car can’t move.
This door can’t lock.
5.表示状态特征的系动词的被动意义。此类系动词有:
look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,appear,turnout等。
Good medicine tastes bitter.
When he said proved (to be)correct.
The flowers smell sweet.
Young sentence doesn’t sound right.
其句式的特点为: 主语+V.(link)+adj. 此时要特别注意此类动词后不可接副词。
6.一些动词的进行时态可表示被动的动作
The meat is cooking.
The book is printing.
7.有些作表语的不定式,在结构上是主动的,但是表示被动意义
She is to blame.
The house is to let.(此房出租)
8.有些介词短语作定语或表语时也表示被动意义。
The building under repair is our library.
正在修建的那座楼房是我们的图书馆。
Color television sets will be on sale here next month.
下个月这里将出售彩色电视机。
类似的介词短语有:under consideration, in design, in question(正被谈论的),in sight, on display, out of repair,under construction, under treatment,under investigation等。
应注意的一点就是个别介词短语的被动含义取决于冠词的使用与否,如介词短语 in the possession of和in the charge of,用冠词时表示被动意义,不用冠词时(in possession of和in charge of)则表示主动意义。
例如:
It is in the exclusive possession of him.
它为他所独有。(被动意义)
He is in possession of it.
他拥有它。(主动意义)
The children are in the charge of Aunt Li.
孩子们由李大婶照管。(被动意义)
She is in charge of class 3.
她管理三班。(主动意义)
9.在某些句型中,主动表示被动。
主语+系语+(easy/hard/difficult/comfortable)+to do
例句:
This house is comfortable to live in.
The maths problem is difficult to work out.
She is easy to get along with.
主语+系动词+worth+doing
This film is well worth seeing again.
This problem is worth considering.
主语(物)+needs+doing
The classroom needs cleaning.
Your watch needs repairing.
英语中主动形式表示被动意义的方法比较难掌握,尤其是对我们中国人来说,更是如此。那么我们在学习及运用英语时,细心,准确判断,灵活运用就尤为重要。
本文作者:丹丹英语(公众号:英语语法学习)
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