定语从句的关系词有哪些?
1、关系代词引导的定语从句
who, whom, that:这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)
2、关系副词引导的定语从句:
when, where, why:相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
that代替关系副词:用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
3、判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词.先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时,应选择关系代词;先行词在从句中作状语时,应选 择关系副词。例如:Is this the museum which you visited a few days ago?
4、限制性和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确。例如:This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子
非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,例如:The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。
扩展资料:
用法的特定选择:
关系词
1、只用that不用which
1)当先行词是序数词或被序数词、最高级,关系词用that。
2)当先行词既有人又有物时,用that。
3)当先行词带有the only,the very,the same,the last,the one等词时,用that。
4)当主句中有who或which时,为避免重复用that。
5)当先行词为something,anything,nothing,none,no,little,much,all等不定代词时用that。
2、只用who不用that
1)如果先行词是those,they,all,persons,people,he,anyone,one时用who
2)当先行词指人并含有较长的后置定语从句或在被分割的定语从句中时。
3、只用which不用that
1)当主句先行词后有介词时,用which。例:This is the one of which I'm speaking。
2)非限定性定语从句,用which。
3) 描述句中一般用which。例:Beijing,which was China's capital for more than 800years。
4)those +复数名词之后,多用which .例:Shopkeeper want to keep a number of those goods which sell best。
5)先行词本身是that时,用which。
参考资料来源:百度百科-定语从句
定语从句的关系代词有:that, which, who, whom, whose, as;
关系副词有: when, where, wh